LPG RELATED QUESTION’S

1. WHAT IS NORMAL RANGE OF GASES FOR WORK?

 CO2 = < 35PPM CO = < 25PPM NH3 = < 25PPM
 SO2 = < 5PPM FOR 8 HOURS AND <70PPM FOR 30 MINUTES, SO IMMEDIATELY CONVERTS TO SO 2 & SO2 IS
DANGEROUS AS COMPARED TO SO
 LEL MEANS LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT, H2S 5PPM ~ 10 PPM FOR 8 HOURS AND 15PPM FOR 15 MINUTES
2. PIPELINE COMMISSIONING:
 CLEANING: USING CHEMICAL OR MECHANICAL METHODS TO REMOVE DEPOSITS “OR” DEBRIS TO ENSURE
THAT THE LINE IS FIT TO BE FILLED
 FILLING: USING FORCED “OR” FREE-FLOODING METHODS
 PRESSURE TESTING: EITHER HYDRAULIC OR PNEUMATIC METHODS (HYDRAULIC PUMP ONLY)
 DEWATERING: USING ADVANCED COMPRESSION AND DEWATERING TRAIN DESIGNS TO LEAVE THE
MINIMAL RESIDUAL WATER
 DRYING: USING CHEMICALS HIGH-PRESSURE AIR LOW-PRESSURE HIGH-VOLUME AIR “OR” VACUUM TO
ACHIEVE TARGET DEW POINTS
 FIXING OF ALL INSTRUMENTATIONS
 PURGING: USING OUR SITE-GENERATED NITROGEN PROCESS TO EFFICIENTLY PURGE THE PIPELINE WITH NO
SUPPLY CHAIN ISSUES
3. PIPE LINE SECURITIES:
 LEAK DETECTION: IF THE DIFFERENCE IS MORE THAN 200M3 TOTALIZERS (ALL THREE TOTALIZERS) ALARM WILL
COME IT WILL INDICATE THE LEAK
 IF THE PRESSURE DIFFERENCE IS ON BLOCKING VALVES UP STREAM & DOWNSTREAM PRESSURE 3 KG ALARM
WILL COME IT WILL INDICATE THE LOCATION OF LEAK
 WE HAVE PRESSURE TRANSMITTERS AT EVERY BLOCK VALVE STATIONS UPSTREAM & DOWNSTREAM IF WE
HAVE ANY PRESSURE DROP WE CAN CHECK BY CLOSING BLOCK VALVES AND MONITORING PRESSURE
 BATCH TRACKING SYSTEM: WE HAVE COLOR CODING FOR EACH PRODUCT FOR TRACKING THE BATCH
LOCATION AND SIZE
 BATCH TRACKING START WORKING WITH THE VALVE OPENING OF SAME PRODUCT WHEN IT’S PASSING
FROM METERING
 COLOR CODING ON SCADA SHOWING THE LOCATION OF BATCH & ALSO SIZE OF BATCH
 CORROSION COUPON: CORROSION COUPONS ARE USING FOR MONITORING THE LINE CORROSION BY
ANNUALLY MEASURING THE WEIGHT OF COUPON
 CATHODIC PROTECTION: METHOD OF PROTECTING TANKS, SHIPS, PIPELINES AND JETTIES AGAINST
CORROSION BY REVERSING THE ELECTRIC CURRENT WHICH FLOWS AWAY FROM A CORRODING METAL, A
CORROSION PROCESS CAN BE ARRESTED
 PIPELINE MAY BE CORDED DUE TO NEGATIVE CHARGE OF OXYGEN DUE TO OXIDATION SO; CP SYSTEM IS
USING WITH AN ANODE TO COLLECT THE NEGATIVE CHARGE ON IT AND SAFE THE PIPELINE FROM
CORROSION
 SCADA SYSTEM: SUPERVISORY CONTROL & DATA ACCUSATION IT IS PIPELINE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR
PIPELINE OPERATION & SECURITIES SCADA IS COLLECTING DATA FROM ITS REMOTE STATIONS & SENDING IT
TO MASTER CONTROL ROOM
 PIGGING IN PIPELINE: PIPELINE INTERVENTION GADGET
 CLEANING PIG: A UTILITY PIG THAT USES CUPS, SCRAPERS, OR BRUSHES, TO REMOVE DIRT, RUST, MILL SCALE,
OR OTHER FOREIGN MATTER FROM THE PIPELINE CLEANING PIGS ARE RUN TO INCREASE THE OPERATING
EFFICIENCY OF A PIPELINE OR TO FACILITATE INSPECTION OF THE PIPELINE
 BRUSH PIG: DURING THE PROCESS OF PIPELINE CLEANING, TO REMOVE THE TINY SUBSTANCE INCLUDING
SAND, SOLID CHIPPING, IRON RUST, DIRT, THE TWO ENDS OF PIG ARE USUALLY MOUNTED WITH BRUSH IN
SYMMETRY TO PRODUCE THE BRUSH-TYPE PIG. THE BRUSH MAY USE WIRE BRUSH OR NYLON BRUSH
ACCORDINGLY. THE NYLON BRUSH IS APPLICABLE FOR THE UNDERCOAT METAL PIPELINE
 MAGNETIC PIG: MAGNETIC CLEANING PIGS HAVE BEEN DESIGNED TO REMOVE FERROUS DEBRIS SUCH AS
ELECTRODES OR WELDING RODS, OLD CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS, AND CORROSION PRODUCT ETC.
 INSPECTION / INTELLIGENT PIG: THAT IS MAKING MOVIE OF IN-SIDE PIPE FOR ANY ABNORMALITY

MUHAMMAD NAEEM SHAUKAT (MEETMIAN@[Link])

 SPHERE PIG: SPHERICAL UTILITY PIG MADE OF RUBBER OR URETHANE. THE SPHERE MAY BE SOLID OR
HOLLOW, FILLED WITH AIR OR LIQUID. THE MOST-COMMON USE OF SPHERE PIGS IS AS A BATCHING PIG
4. TRUCK LOADING SECURITIES:
 OVER FILLING DEVICE & TANK LEVEL CONTROL
 SMOKE DETECTORS (PHOTO ELECTRIC)
 FLAME DETECTORS (UVIR = ULTRA VOLTE INFRA-RED FIRE DETECTOR)
 PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
 DELUGE VALVES SYSTEM (NORMALLY FUSE WILL MELT AT 75 0C
 SPRINKLER FIRE SYSTEM
 MANUAL CALL POINT
 CCTV SYSTEM
 ESD SYSTEM (ONE AT DCS & ONE IN FIELD)
 PSV
 GAS DETECTORS / HYDRO CARBON DETECTOR
 EARTHLING SYSTEM
 DE-COUPLING SYSTEM (THRESH HOLD) “OR” LOADING ARM SAFETY BREAKERS
 METERING SYSTEM
 LINEAR HEAT DETECTORS (ON THE TANK ROOF)
5. METER PROVER: LIQUID METER PROVING IS THE PHYSICAL TESTING OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A METER, IN A
LIQUID SERVICE, THAT IS MEASURING THE FLOW OR VOLUME THROUGHOUT
6. TGS: EN-RAF SYSTEM (ONE WITH FLOATER SYSTEM & ONE WITH RADAR SYSTEM
7. SHIP UNLOADING:
 OM: PREPARING TANK FOR RECEIVING BY DIPPING AND MAKING LINE-UP AS ADVISED BY PRODUCTION
PLANNING DEPT.
 JETTY: READY TO DISCHARGE SHIP
 INITIAL F/RATE 500 ~ 1000 METER CUB / HRS. FOR 1 / 2 ~ 1 HRS. FOR ALL SYSTEM CHECK ANY
ABNORMALITY
 AFTER THAT NORMAL FLOW RATE AS PER REQUIREMENT AND PIPE LINE CAPACITY
 WE ARE KEEPING LINE PRESSURE MAX. 10.0 KG/CM 2 FOR RECEIVING AND DISCHARGING BOTH
 MATCHING ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE QUANTITY AT EVERY ONE HRS. FOR CROSS CHECK FROM DCS & SHIP
 DIFFERENCE OF PRODUCT QUANTITY SHOULD NOT MORE THAN 200 METER CUB
 IF DIFFERENCE IS MORE IMMEDIATELY NEED TO INFORM SUPERVISOR, JETTY AND ALSO TO MARINE
8. LAESD = LOADING ARAM EMERGENCY SHUT DOWN IS MANUALLY INITIATED FROM LOCAL CONTROL PANEL
AT MULTI-PURPOSE TOWER.
9. SHIP LOADING:
 LI – LOADING INSTRUCTION FROM PRODUCTION PLANNING DEPT.
 TANK SHOULD BE STATIC
 TANK SHOULD BE CERTIFIED
 TANK SHOULD BE DRAINED FOR WATER
 JETTY WILL INFORM SHIP 1ST ROPE
 WE WILL INITIALIZE THE TANK & PREPARE OUR SYSTEM
 WE WILL GIVE READY SIGNAL FROM DCS TO JETTY
 JETTY WILL GIVE US GO AHEAD 10 MINUTES BEFORE READY TO RECEIVE THAN WE WILL START OUR PUMP
 ENSURE A SLOW FLOW RATE UNTIL IT IS ESTABLISHED THAT ALL SYSTEM ARE OPERATING CORRECTLY &
PRESSURE ARE CONSTANT
 INITIAL F/RATE 500 ~ 1000 METER CUB / HRS. FOR 1 / 2 ~ 1 HRS. FOR ALL SYSTEM CHECK ANY
ABNORMALITY
 AFTER THAT NORMAL FLOW RATE AS PER REQUIREMENT AND PIPE LINE CAPACITY
 WE ARE KEEPING LINE PRESSURE MAX. 10.00 KG/CM 2 FOR RECEIVING AND DISCHARGING BOTH
 MATCHING ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE QUANTITY AT EVERY ONE HR FOR CROSS CHECK FROM DCS & SHIP
 DIFFERENCE OF PRODUCT QUANTITY SHOULD NOT MORE THAN 200 METER CUB
 IF DIFFERENCE IS MORE IMMEDIATELY NEED TO INFORM SUPERVISOR, JETTY AND ALSO TO MARINE
10. WHY SPHERES ARE USED IN GASES/LPG?

MUHAMMAD NAEEM SHAUKAT (MEETMIAN@[Link])

 SPHERES ARE USED TO EQUALLY DISTRIBUTE THE VAPOR PRESSURE ON THE WALLS OF SPHERE
11. HOW MANY TYPES OF PUMPS?
 1- POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP (FOR HIGH PRESSURE & LOW FLOW
 2- CENTRIFUGAL PUMP (FOR LOW PRESSURE & HIGH FLOW)
12. HOW MANY TYPES OF VALVES?
 1 - GLOBE VALVE
 2 - GATE VALVES
 3 - BUTTERFLY VALVES
 4 – CHECK VALVE / NRV ETC.
13. HOW TO GRAVITATE LPG FORM A HIGH LEVEL TANK TO A LOW LEVEL TANK?
 1 – OPEN THE VAPOR RETURN VALVES “OR” PRESSURE EQUALIZING VALVES OF BOTH TANKS AND EQUALIZE
THE PRESSURE
 2 – AFTER EQUALIZING PRESSURE THAN OPEN THE RUNDOWN OR PUMP SUCTION VALVES OF BOTH TANKS
GRAVITATION WILL START
14. WHICH TYPE OF VALVES IS NORMALLY USED ON LPG LINES?
 SOLENOID VALVES
15. WHAT IS THE RVP & VP?
 RVP – REID VAPOR PRESSURE: - THE PRESSURE EXERTED BY A MIXTURE OF GASES
 VAPOR PRESSURE: - THE PRESSURE EXERTED BY A SINGLE GAS
16. WHAT IS USED IN CASE OF GAS FIRE / LPG FIRE?
 WATER SHOWERING FOR THE COOLING OF VESSEL AND CO 2 & DRY POWDER TO CONTROL THE FIRE
17. HOW MANY TYPES OF FIRE & WHICH TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ARE USED? FIVE TYPES
 CLASS A– SOLIDS (WATER, DRY CHEMICAL, FOAM)
 CLASS B– LIQUIDS (DRY CHEMICAL, CO2, HALON, FOAM)
 CLASS C– GASES (DRY CHEMICAL, HALON, CO 2)
 CLASS D– METAL (SPECIAL RECOMMENDED BY MSDS)
 CLASS E- ELECTRICAL (CO2) / DRY POWDER)
18. WHY ODORANT USED IN LPG?
 ALL GASES HAVE ODOR ADDED BEFORE DISTRIBUTION TO CUSTOMER TO DETECT LEAKAGE BY SMELL IT MUST
BE SUFFICIENT TO MAKE A MIXTURE OF ONE-FIFTH OF LEL DETECTABLE BY SMELL
19. WHAT IS THE CHEMICAL NAME OF ODORANT?
 ETHYL MERCAPTAN
 LPG: - WEATHERING = 4.4 MAX, DENSITY – 0.55 ~ 0.58 KG/LETTER, VAPOR PRESSURE = +5.0 ~ 13.0
KG/CM2 AND SULPHUR = 0.92PPM MAX
20. WHY LPG IS LOADED FROM BOTTOM?
 TO AVOID STATIC CHARGES IN SIDE THE BOOZER DUE TO PRODUCT SPLASH IN SIDE THE BOOZER
21. WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF LPG?
 40% C3 (PROPANE 35 ~ 40%) & 60% C4 (BUTANE 60 ~ 65%) BY VOLUME
22. WHAT IS WEATHERING IN LPG & ITS VALUE?
 THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH 95 % LPG BOILS @ 760MM HG “OR” 1 ATM PRESSURE & ITS MAXIMUM VALUE
IS 4.4
23. WRITE THE DESIGN PRESSURE OF LPG TANKS?
 5.5 ~ 7.5 KG/CM2 IN WINTER & 8.5~10.5 KG/CM2 IN SUMMER & DESIGN PRESSURE = 18.5 KG/CM 2
24. WHY LPG RUNDOWN IS FROM TOP OF THE TANK?
 TO MINIMIZE THE VAPORIZATION INSIDE THE TANK DUE TO UNDER PRESSURE
25. WHY VAPOR RETURN LINE IS PROVIDED AT LPG BUZZER FILLING POINT?
 TO DEPRESSURIZE THE LPG BOOZER & TO AVOID LEAKAGE OR EXPLOSION OF LPG BUZZER
26. WHAT IS THE BOILING POINT OF LPG?
 THE BOILING POINT OF LPG IS 760 MMHG IS +3 OC
27. WHAT IS FLASH POINT?
 THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH HYDROCARBON LIQUID IS JUST TO IGNITE
28. WHAT ARE SAFETY CHECKS BEFORE TANK LORRY FILLING?
29. HOW TO CALCULATE VOLUME OF A PIPE?
 Π X R2 X L (PIE X RADIOUS2 X LENGTH) & PIE = 3.1428

MUHAMMAD NAEEM SHAUKAT (MEETMIAN@[Link])

 1M3 = 6.292 BBL. = 1000 LITTERS
 1 BBL. = 159 LITTERS
30. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE B/W LPG AND LNG?
 LPG IS A MIXTURE OF 40% C3 (PROPANE) & 60% C4 (BUTANE) WHILE LNG IS MAINLY METHANE C1 & ETHANE
C2
31. PROPANE SPHERE COMMISSIONING PROCEDURES:
LEAK TEST?
AFTER COMPLETION OF ALL WORK AT PROPANE SYSTEM ACT AS FOLLOWS:
 CHECK ALL VALVES ARE INSTALLED
 ENSURE FLOW DIRECTIONS OF THESE VALVES ARE CORRECT
 CHECK, VALVES ARE CORRECTLY LUBRICATED AND FREELY OPERATE ABLE
 REMOVE ALL BLINDS ON THE SYSTEM EXCEPT DOUBLE BLOCK VALVE AS PER BLIND LIST
 CHECK FLANGES FOR CORRECT BOLTING AND GASKETS
 CLOSE ALL VENTS AND DRAINS
 CONNECT U/AIR HOSE TO THE SYSTEM INTERCONNECTING PIPES
 KEEP PRESSURE ON HOLD FOR ONE TO TWO HOURS
 THE PRESSURE SHALL REMAIN CONSTANT AT THE SAME TEMPERATURE
 DURING HOLD UP TIME CONDUCT LEAK TEST ON FLANGES USING MASKING TAPE AND SOAP SOLUTION
 TIGHT UP ANY LEAKY FLANGE
 IF LEAK TEST IS PASSED WITH NO DROP OF PRESSURE, DEPRESSURIZE THE SYSTEM TO ATMOSPHERE AND
MAKE PREPARATION FOR N2 INSERTING
PURGING THE SYSTEM BY NITROGEN (N2):
 ARRANGE WITH REFINERY UTILITIES TO CONNECT N 2 HOSES TO PROPANE LINES TO FUEL GAS AND UNIT-102
FEED RESPECTIVELY
 START N2 SUPPLY FROM ABOVE SAID POINTS
 MARK PURGED LINES ON DRAWING TO COLLECT SAMPLES WHERE NECESSARY TO CHECK O 2 CONTENT (LESS
THAN 02%)
 PRESSURIZE VESSELS WITH N2 FOR O2 SWEEPING PROCESS
 PRESSURIZE VESSELS WITH N2 TILL PRESSURE 1.0 KG/ CM2 AND THEN DEPRESSURIZE IT TO ATMOSPHERE
 REPEAT PRESSURIZING AND DEPRESSURIZING TILL O2 CONTENT IS LESS THAN 2%
 ASK LAB. TO TAKE SAMPLE FROM THE SYSTEM FOR O 2 CONTENT
 MAINTAIN A POSITIVE PRESSURE BY N2 IN THE SYSTEM UP TO 0.6 KG/ CM2
 REMOVE BLINDS BETWEEN DOUBLE BLOCKS AND MAKE SURE THE SYSTEM IS STILL UNDER N2 PRESSURE, I.E.
COMMISSIONING – GAS IN:
BEFORE INTRODUCING OF PROPANE TO THE SYSTEM THE FOLLOWING MUST BE CHECKED:
 SYSTEM IS STILL UNDER N2 PRESSURE (POSITIVE)
 O2 CONTENT IS BELOW 2% VOLUME
 ALL BLINDS IN THE SYSTEM ARE REMOVED AND UNDER POSITIVE N 2 PRESSURE
 ALL SAFETY VALVES WERE LINED UP
 THE SYSTEM PROPERLY LINED UP FOR RECEPTION
WHEN ALL ABOVE CONDITIONS ARE SATISFACTORILY MEET THEN PROCEED AS FOLLOWS:
 STOP ALL WORK AT PROPANE SPHERE AREA
 TAKE CARE TO OPEN INITIALLY VERY SLOWLY THE FILLING LINE AS SOON AS THE PIPE IS COVERED WITH
FROST STOP THE OPERATION, WAIT FOR DEFROSTING AND REPEAT THE OPERATION
 ONCE VAPORS BECOME INTO SPHERE
 CRACK OPEN VENT VALVE FOR N2 ELIMINATION BY PROPANE VAPORS
 PRESSURIZE THE SYSTEM UP TO 1 BAR PRESSURE
 VENT TO ATMOSPHERE VIA COLD VENT SYSTEM TO ELIMINATE N 2
 PRESSURIZE AGAIN FOR DEPRESSURIZING AND MAKE SURE TO DEPRESSURIZE SLOWLY TO THE FUEL GAS
SYSTEM
 CONDUCT LEAK TEST ON FLANGES OF PROPANE SPHERE BETWEEN INTERVALS ALL THROUGH
PRESSURIZATION PERIOD
 FILL THE SYSTEM WITH PROPANE VAPOR AT A PRESSURE OF 4.0 BARS

MUHAMMAD NAEEM SHAUKAT (MEETMIAN@[Link])

 32. WHAT IS THE MAIN CONSTITUTES OF NATURAL GAS?
 ETHANE 10 ~ 15% & METHANE 85 ` 90%
33. WHAT ARE LPG, NGL, CNG AND LNG?
 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS, NATURAL GAS LIQUEFIED, COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS AND LIQUEFIED NATURAL
GAS
34. WHAT IS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GAS & VAPORS?
 THE GAS CAN NOT CONDENSE BUT VAPORS CAN CONDENSES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
35. LPG SPHERE HANDING OVER TO MAINTENANCE & TAKING OVER FROM MAINTENANCE STEP WISE?
 TRANSFER LPG TO OTHER LPG TANKS AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.
 CONNECT THE N2 AND PUSH THE REMAINING LPG QUANTITY TO FLARE HEADER IN A CONTROLLED RATE.
ISOLATE THE TANK FROM ALL LPG SOURCES. AT THIS POINT JUST CLOSE THE VALVES FOR ISOLATION AND
POSITIVE ISOLATION WILL BE DONE AT LATER STAGE.
 KEEP N2 PURGING OF THE TANK WHEN LPG IS COMPLETELY PUSHED TO FLARE.
 AFTER 24 HOURS CARRY OUT THE GAS TEST ON THE VENT LINE OF THE TANK.
 IF THE GAS TEST IS NOT WITHIN THE ACCEPTABLE RANGE CONTINUE N2 PURGING AND CARRY OUT GAS
TESTING AFTER EVERY 8 HOURS UNTIL ACHIEVE THE ACCEPTABLE GAS READINGS.
 ONCE THE GAS TEST IS WITHIN THE ACCEPTABLE RANGE (LEL 0%, H 2S 0PPM) MAKE POSITIVE ISOLATION OF
THE TANK WITH SPADES AND BLINDS. ALSO DISCONNECT THE INSTRUMENTS.
 AFTER POSITIVE ISOLATION OPEN THE MANHOLES KEEPING WET AND PUT THE BLOWER ON ONE OF THE
MANHOLE TO START AIR BLOWING INSIDE THE TANK.
 PUT SAFETY SIGNS FOR UN-AUTHORIZED ENTRY AND SIGN BOARD THAT LPG TANK IS UNDER VENTILATION.
 NO HOT JOB IS ALLOWED IN THE AREA AND VICINITY TILL THE TANK IS NOT HANDED OVER FOR
MAINTENANCE.
 KEEP AIR BLOWER RUNNING FOR 24 HOURS AND THEN CARRY OUT GAS TEST FROM THE MANHOLES.
 IF THE GAS TEST IS ACCEPTABLE (LEL 0%, H 2S 0PPM AND O2 MORE THAN 19.5 %) THEN ENTER THE TANK
WITH BERTHING APPARATUS WITH SAFETY OFFICER IN ORDER TO CARRY OUT THE GAS TEST FROM INSIDE.
 THIS GAS TEST SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT IN PRESENCE OF SAFETY REPRESENTATIVE AND MAINTENANCE
REPRESENTATIVE. IF THE GAS TEST FROM INSIDE THE TANK IS ACCEPTABLE THEN MAKE HANDOVER NOTE AND
HANDED OVER THE TANK TO MAINTENANCE.
 IF THE GAS TEST IS NOT ACCEPTABLE THEN CONTINUE AIR BLOWER UNTIL THE GAS TEST WILL BECOME
ACCEPTABLE.
TAKING OVER LPG TANK FROM MAINTENANCE:
 CARRY OUT FINAL INSPECTION OF THE TANK FROM INSIDE IN PRESENCE OF INSPECTION REPRESENTATIVE
AND MAINTENANCE REPRESENTATIVE. AFTER CLEARANCE FROM ALL PARTIES SIGN THE HANDOVER NOTE BY
OPERATION REPRESENTATIVE.
 BOX-UP ALL THE MANHOLES OF THE TANKS AND MAKE SURE NO PERSON OR ANY OTHER UN-WANTED
MATERIAL IS LEFT INSIDE THE TANK PRIOR CLOSING THE MANHOLES.
 REMOVE ALL THE SPADES AND BLINDS FROM THE LINES CONNECTED WITH THE TANK.
 CONNECT ALL THE INSTRUMENTS AND MAKE SURE THAT ALL THE INSTRUMENTS ARE CALIBRATED.
 START N2 PURGING OF THE LPG TANK AND VENT THIS TO THE FLARE HEADER.
 CONTINUE N2 PURGING AND CARRY OUT THE GAS TEST AFTER EVERY 8 HOURS. IF THE GAS TEST IS
ACCEPTABLE (LEL 0%, H2S 0PPM, O2 0%). IF GAS TEST IS NOT ACCEPTABLE THEN CONTINUE N2 PURGING.
 AFTER ACHIEVING ACCEPTABLE GAS TEST STOP N2 PURGING KEEPING +- 3 KG PRESSURE ON HOLD AND
CARRYOUT LEAK TEST FOR DIFFERENT MANHOLES AND FLANGES OF THE LINES CONNECTED WITH THE LPG
SPHERE. IF FOUND ANY LEAK ATTEND THE LEAK BY MAINTENANCE TEAM.
 AFTER COMPLETING LEAK TEST INTRODUCE LPG SLOWLY INTO LPG SPHERE AND WHEN PRESSURE
INCREASING MORE THAN 3 KG START VENTING LPG INTO FLARE HEADER UNTIL YOU WILL FIND THAT LPG IS
STARTED BURNING INTO FLARE. STOP LPG VENTING INTO FLARE.
 REQUEST LAB FOR TAKING SAMPLE FOR LPG AND N2
 KEEP CLOSE MONITORING OF THE LPG LEVEL INTO SPHERE AND CARRY OUT LEAK TEST AGAIN ON ALL THE
MANHOLES AND FLANGES CONNECTED WITH THE LPG SPHERE.
 IF FOUND ANY LEAK ATTEND BY MAINTENANCE TEAM.
 AFTER COMPLETING OF THE LEAK TEST KEEP LPG RECEIVING INTO LPG SPHERE WITH SLOW RATE UNTIL
REACH THE LOW LEVEL OF THE TANK.

MUHAMMAD NAEEM SHAUKAT (MEETMIAN@[Link])

 ONCE REACH THE LOW LEVEL OF THE TANK CARRY OUT LEAK TEST ON ALL THE MANHOLES AND FLANGES
CONNECTED WITH LPG SPHERE AND ALSO MONITOR THE PERFORMANCE OF ALL INSTRUMENTS DURING
THIS PERIOD.
 IF EVERYTHING FOUND NORMAL THEN START RECEIVING LPG AS PER NORMAL OPERATION.
 AND NOW LPG SPHERE IS UNDER NORMAL OPERATION.
WHAT IS OFF GAS/TALE GAS & WHAT IS USE OF OFF GAS?
 A GAS THAT IS PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF AN INDUSTRIAL PROCESS OR THAT IS GIVEN OFF
BY A MANUFACTURED OBJECT OR MATERIAL, REFINERY OFF-GASES FROM FLUID CATALYTIC
CRACKING COULD BE A SOURCE OF ETHYLENE.
 OFF GAS CAN BE USED FOR FUEL GAS SYSTEM AFTER INCREASING PRESSURE AFTER
COMMPRESSING.
 OFF GAS CAN BE SENT BACK TO UNIT AFTER COMMPRESSING FOR FURTHUR PROCESS.
WHAT IS BOG (BOIL OFF GAS) AND WHERE WE ARE USING?
 BOG IS GAS RELEASED FROM TANKS VAPORS WE ARE SEND THIS GAS TO FLARE
 BOG CAN BE COLLECTED IN ONCE PLACE, SEND TO COMPRESSOR & CAN BE USE FOR FUEL GAS SYSTEM
AND ALSO CAN BE SENT TO UNIT FOR USE.
 DUE TO HEAT ENTERING THE CRYOGENIC TANK DURING STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION, A PART OF THE
LNG IN THE TANK CONTINUOUSLY EVAPORATES CREATING A GAS CALLED BOIL-OFF GAS (BOG), WHICH
CHANGES THE QUALITY OF LNG OVER TIME. ... A LARGE PORTION OF NATURAL GAS IS LOCATED FAR FROM
LARGE CUSTOMERS.
 HEAT SLOWLY AFFECTS THE TANKS, WHICH CAN CAUSE THE LNG INSIDE TO EVAPORATE AND PRODUCES A
SUBSTANCE KNOWN AS BOIL-OFF GAS (BOG). NATURAL GAS REMAINS LIQUEFIED BY STAYING AT A
CONSISTENT PRESSURE, BUT WHEN BOIL-OFF OCCURS AND IT RETURNS TO GAS, THE LARGER VOLUME OF
GAS WILL INCREASE THE TANK PRESSURE.
 BOIL-OFF GAS RELIQUEFACTION. OUR BOIL-OFF GAS (BOG) RELIQUEFACTION PRODUCTS ARE USED TO
RECOVER THE BOG NATURALLY GENERATED BY HEAT LEAKS INTO CRYOGENIC LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS
(LNG) STORAGE, AND DURING SHIP LOADING AND UNLOADING PHASES.

MUHAMMAD NAEEM SHAUKAT (MEETMIAN@[Link])

 PETRO RABIGH HAVING 04 LPG TANKS:
S01 = 3260 M3
930 = 2200 M3
931 = 2200 M3
932 = 2200 M3
TOTAL = 9860 M3
WE ARE USING FOR FUEL GAS SYSTEM, LPG TRUCK LOADING AND SEND TO HPU PLANT FOR HYDROGEN
PRODUCTION

1. HOW MUCH TOTAL CAPACITY STORAGE FOR LPG WE HAVE.

 WE HAVE ONE LPG TANK (2800 M3 CAPACITY) WHICH IS USED TO RECEIVE LPG FROM CDU/AMINE
TREATMENT UNIT AND THEN USED AS FUEL IN FUEL GAS SYSTEM AND ALSO USED AT HYDROGEN
PRODUCTION UNIT
 OTHER THREE TANKS EACH HAVING CAPACITY 2250 M3 ARE FOR T/L, ALSO CAN BE USED TO SUPPLY FUEL
TO FGS
2. ALL SOURCES OF LPG RECEIVING.
 LPG IS BEING PRODUCED FROM CDU AND REFORMER UNIT. MOSTLY PRODUCTION IS FROM CDU
3. COMPONANT OF LPG WITH RATIO.
 ETHANE     01%
 PROPANE 34%
 BUTANE   64% 
 PENTANE 0.8%
4. ODORANT % OR PPM INJUCTION.
 10 ~ 15 mg/m3
5. USE OF OUR LPG.
CURRENTLY AS A FUEL IN OUR HEATERS. IN FUTURE SURPLUS PRODUCTION DUE TO PLATFORMER WILL BE
SOLD FOR DOMESTIC USE

TABLE 1-1-A LPG PRODUCT

PROPERTY VALUE MIN/MAX TEST METHOD

VAPOR PRESSURE @ 37.8℃ , KG/CM2A 4.92 MIN ASTM D-1267

1
12.28 MAX

2 95% BOILING POINT @ 760 MMHG , ℃ 4.4 MAX ASTM D-1837

3 VOLATILE SULFUR , MG/M3 343 MAX ASTM D-1226 OR D-4045

4 DRYNESS(FREE WATER CONTENT) NONE(*) - -

5 COPPER STRIP CORROSION , 1 HR @ 37.8℃ 1 MAX ASTM D-1838

6 SPECIFIC GRAVITY REPORT ASTM D-1657

MUHAMMAD NAEEM SHAUKAT (MEETMIAN@[Link])