• Pascal’s principle, also called Pascal’s law, in fluid (gas or liquid) mechanics, statement that, in a
fluid at rest in a closed container, a pressure change in one part is transmitted without loss to every
portion of the fluid and to the walls of the container. The principle was first enunciated by the French
scientist Blaise Pascal.
• Pressure is equal to the force divided by the area on which it acts. According to Pascal’s
principle, in a hydraulic system a pressure exerted on a piston produces an equal increase in
pressure on another piston in the system. If the second piston has an area 10 times that of the
first, the force on the second piston is 10 times greater, though the pressure is the same as that
on the first piston. This effect is exemplified by the hydraulic press, based on Pascal’s principle,
which is used in such applications as hydraulic brakes.
I am presenting a project file on the topic PASCAL’S LAW. I have tried to give all the important
points regarding this topic. I am thankful to everyone who all supported me to complete this project
on time.
I am equally thankful to my Sir who gave me a little support and guided me to complete this
project on time. While doing this project I came to know many things.
Last but not the least, I would like to thank my parents who helped me a lot.
Precautions are taken to avoid mistaken over all some mistakes may be possible.
I would like to express my special thanks for gratitude to my teacher Mr. Biswajit who gave
me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project of PASCAL’S LAW which helped me in
doing a lot of Research and I came to know about so many new things I am thankful to them.
Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents, friends and teachers who helped me a lot in
finalizing this project within the limited time frame.
NAME: ANARITA TIRKEY
CLASS: XII IIT
• PASCAL’S LAW
• PASCAL’S LAW STATE
• PASCAL’ FORMULA
• VARIATION OF PASCAL’S LAW
• HAVE YOU USED FORMULAS LIKE PASCAL’S LAW
• USING PASCAL’S LAW
• APPLICATIONS OF PASCAL’S LAW
• HYDRAULIC LIFT
• HYDRAULIC CALCULATION
• AUTOMOBILE HYDRAULIC LIFT
• HYDRAULIC BRAKE
• HYDRULIC JACK
• HYDRAULIC PUMP
• CONCLUSION
• In the 1600’s, the French scientist Blaise Pascal
discovered a fact now known as Pascal’s Law.
• According to Pascal’s law, “the external static pressure
applied on a confined liquid is distributed or transmitted
evenly throughout the liquid in all directions”.
• Pascal’s Principal is used to quantitatively relate the
pressure at two points in an incompressible, static fluid.
It states that pressure is transmitted, undiminished, in a
closed static fluid.
• Through the application of Pascal’s Principal, a static
liquid can be utilized to generate a large output force
using a much smaller input force, yielding important
devices such as hydraulic presses.
• It states that pressure at any
point in a body of fluid is the same
in every direction, exerting equal
force on equal areas. This works for
gases and liquids (both are fluids).
• This brings us to an important formula:
• P = F/A
• P = Pressure, F = Force and A = Area
• This expresses that Pressure is Force per Unit Area.
• Pressure = Force divided by area P = F/A
• Force = Pressure times area F=PxA
• Area = Force divided by pressure A = F/P
F = Force
F
P A
P = Pressure A = Area
• Generic Inverse Variation
• Problem y = 15/x
• Used in Algebra
• Time = Distance / Rate
• T = D/R
• Ohm’s Law used in science
• class with electrical components R = E/I
• Pascal’s Law – gives us the
mechanics to do a great deal of
work with hydraulics. The
drawing on the left shows that
we can lift a large amount of
weight with a small amount of
effort. We can lift 100 pounds
by applying just 10 pounds of
force to the piston measuring 1
square inch.
• Hydraulic lift
• Hydraulic Jacks
• Hydraulic Brakes
• Hydraulic Pumps
• A multiplication of force can be achieved by the
application of fluid pressure according to Pascal’s
principal, which for the pistons implies.
• P1 = P2 This allows the lifting of a heavy load with a small
force, as in an auto hydraulic lift, but of course there can
be no multiplication of work, so in an ideal case with no
frictional loss:
• Winput = Woutput Calculation
Automobile Hydraulic lift
A hydraulic lift for automobiles is an
example of a force multiplied by
hydraulic press,
baes on Pascal’s principal. The fluid
in the small cylinder must be moved
much further than the distance the
car is lifted.
Force then produces “lift” and “work”.
• The hydraulic brake is an arrangement of braking
mechanism which uses brake fluid, typically containing
ethylene glycol, to transfer pressure from the controlling
mechanism to the braking mechanism. When brakes are
applied suddenly in a moving vehicle, there is every chance
of the vehicle to skid because the wheels are not retarded
uniformly. To avoid this danger of skidding when the brakes
are applied, the brake mechanism must be such that each
wheel is equally and simultaneously retarded. A hydraulic
brake serves this purpose. It works on the principle of
Pascal’s law.
Hydraulic Brake
• A hydraulic braking system is a
brake pedal attached to a piston full
of a nearly incompressible brake
fluid connected to another piston
near the wheels attached to brake
pads which push on the rotors on a
wheel. The friction between them
causes the rotational energy of the
wheels to turn to heat and stop the
vehicle.
The
hydraulic jack
is such a hydraulic
system.
A hydraulic jack
is used to lift heavy loads, such as the ones used by auto
mechanics to raise an automobile. It consists of an
incompressible fluid in a U-tube fitted with a movable
piston on each side. One side of the U-tube is narrower
than the other. A small
force
applied over a small area can balance a much larger
force
on the other side over a larger area .
• Hydraulic pumps are used in hydraulic drive systems and
can be hydrostatic or hydrodynamic. A hydraulic pump is a
mechanical source of power that converts mechanical
power into hydraulic energy (hydrostatic energy i.e., flows,
pressure). It generates flow with enough power to
overcome pressure induced by the load at the pump outlet.
When a hydraulic pump operates, it creates a vacuum at
the pump inlet, which forces liquid from the reservoir into
the inlet line to the pump outlet and forces it into the
hydraulic system.
• Hydrostatic pumps are positive
displacement pumps while
hydrodynamic pumps can be fixed
displacement pumps, in which the
displacement (flow through the
pump per rotation of the pump)
cannot be adjusted, or variable
displacement pumps, which have a
more complicated construction that
allows the displacement to be
adjusted. Hydrodynamic pumps are
more frequent in day-to-day life.
Hydrostatic pumps of various types
all work on the principle of Pascal's
law.
As the project comes to an end, we gained different knowledge about
PASCALS LAW.
This project was very much educational and enlightening for us. We
could conclude from this project that the PASCAL’S LAW is important for
us and day to day life.
NAME: ANARITA TIRKEY
CLASS: XI II
