LEARNINGTARGET: I can co-relate the structure of different joints with their functioning.
Read the instructions in the document carefully and complete the tasks, activities, exercises, and write answers
to the prompts
Activity 1 ATake a pen and paper. Stretch out your fingers and hold the pen
between any two fingers of your writing hand. While doing so, make
sure you do not bend your fingers. Once you hold the pen, write your
name on the paper, without bending your fingers. What did you you
notice while/ after writing?
Activity 1 BStand at your place. Now, stiffen your knee and ankle. Try walking for about 25 meters in your home without
bending your knee and ankle. Was it easy for you to walk without bending your knees - ankles? Why
or Why not?
Can you write the name of part ofthe skeletal system which enables you to move easily?
Do you think allthe joints in our body are ofthe same type? Why? Why not?
Thinking
Prompt
Let’s explore this a little more.
Observe the image of a brick wall given below and state if the
wall has any joints or not? Give
reasons for your choice of
answer.
Now, do you notice any similarity between the image of the skull
given here and the image ofthe wall ?
The three broad classes of joints include:
Immovable/ Fibrous Joints – the two or more bones
Whatis a Joint? are in close contact, but no movement can occur –
e.g., the bones of the skull. The joints of the skull are
called sutures.
Slightly Movable/ Cartilaginous Joints – two or more
Types of Joints bones are held together so tightly that only limited
movement is permitted – e.g., the vertebrae of the
spine.
Freely movable/ Synovial Joints – most joints within
the human body are this type. Motion is the purpose
ofthe joint.
The Synovial joints are responsible for bringing about almost
Synovial Joints
Next, observe the image of the train and that of
the backbone. Do you notice any similarity in
their structure and extent of movement they can
bring about?
Finally, observe the door hinges in your room and the stone-
mill (in
the image given below). What do you notice about the extent
of
movement of both the objects? Which body parts show a
similar type
of movement?
Based on the above, can you write the names of joints based
ofthe amount of movementthey allow?
A joint is the part of the body where two or more bones meet
to allow movement. Every bone in the body – except for the
hyoid bone in the throat – meets up with at least one other
bone at a joint. The shape of a joint depends on its function.
Generally speaking, the more movement that is possible
through a joint, the higher the risk of injury. This is because
greaterrange of movementreduces the strength ofthe joint.
Joints are classified by how much movement they allow.
all the movements of the skeleton. And they are of several
types. Some of synovial joints include:
Ball and socket joint – the rounded head of one bone sits
within the cup of another, such as the hip joint or
shoulder joint. Movement in all directions (360 degrees)
is allowed. This joint is similar to the joystick of gaming
consoles in structure.
Synovial Joints
ExampleAnswer
a. Immovable 1. Finger Joints
b. Ball & Socket2. Do not allow
Exercise 1
Hinge joint – the two bones open and close in
one direction only (along one plane; 180
degrees) like a door, such as the knee and elbow
joints.
Pivotjoint – one bone swivels/turns around the
ring formed by another bone, such as the joint
between the first and second vertebrae in the
neck. This enables us to turn our head from side
to side. You can compare this to a stone flour
mill, in which the grinding stone turns around a
central vertical pivot.
Match the Columns:
Write the correctresponse in the Answer column. Mention
the alphabet and the corresponding numbertogether.
e.g., If correctresponse of option a is 3,then write (a 3)in the
last column.
Type of JointDescription/ any movement
c. Cartilaginous
3. Move freely like elbow
d. Synovial4. 360 deg
mov
eme
nt
e. Hinge 5. In Neck Joint
f. Pivot6. Allow slight
move
ment
