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Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Explained

The document discusses inductive and deductive reasoning. [1] Inductive reasoning uses patterns to arrive at general conclusions from specific observations, while deductive reasoning uses facts and rules to arrive at specific conclusions from general premises. [2] Some examples of inductive reasoning provided are making predictions based on past patterns, while examples of deductive reasoning include logical arguments that necessarily follow from their premises. [3] The document explores the differences and provides additional examples to illustrate inductive and deductive reasoning.

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Syayani Sakimi
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90 views20 pages

Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Explained

The document discusses inductive and deductive reasoning. [1] Inductive reasoning uses patterns to arrive at general conclusions from specific observations, while deductive reasoning uses facts and rules to arrive at specific conclusions from general premises. [2] Some examples of inductive reasoning provided are making predictions based on past patterns, while examples of deductive reasoning include logical arguments that necessarily follow from their premises. [3] The document explores the differences and provides additional examples to illustrate inductive and deductive reasoning.

Uploaded by

Syayani Sakimi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

+

Inductive &
Deductive
Reasoning

Mr. Smith
IM3
+ Inductive & Deductive
Reasoning
Inductive reasoning uses patterns to arrive
at a conclusion (conjecture). It goes from
specific to general.

Deductive reasoning uses facts, rules,


definitions or properties to arrive at a
conclusion. It goes from general to specific.
+ Deductive Reasoning
n  Deductivereasoning starts with a
premise, which we accept to be true. Then,
from that rule, we make a conclusion
about something specific.
n  Example:

- All turtles have shells


- The animal I have captured is a turtle
- I conclude that the animal in my bag has a
shell
+ Deductive Reasoning
n  A conclusion
reached with deductive
reasoning is logically sound, and airtight,
assuming the premise is true.
n  Thestrength of deductive reasoning is
that conclusions derived with it are fully
certain.
n  The
weakness, which was illustrated in
the most recent example, is that no new
information is added.
+ Inductive Reasoning
n  Inductive
reasoning is making a conclusion
based on a set of experiences or data. If I
observe that something is true many times,
concluding that it will be true in all instances
is a use of inductive reasoning.
n  Example:

- All sheep that I've seen are white


- All sheep must be white
+ Inductive Reasoning

n  Thestrength of inductive reasoning is


that new information came be stated.
n  The
weakness is that the new
information cannot be proven.
+ Examples of Inductive
Reasoning
1)  Every quiz has been easy. Therefore, the
test will be easy.
2)  The teacher used PowerPoint in the last
few classes. Therefore, the teacher will
use PowerPoint tomorrow.
3)  Every fall there have been hurricanes in
the tropics. Therefore, there will be
hurricanes in the tropics this coming fall.
+ Examples of Deductive
Reasoning:
The catalog states that all entering freshmen
must take a mathematics placement test.

You are an entering sophomores.

Conclusion: You will have to take a


mathematics placement test.
+ Inductive & Deductive
Reasoning

What is the measure of angle x?

Triangle sum property - the


x sum of the angles of any
triangle is always 180°.
Therefore, angle x = 30°

60◦
+ Inductive & Deductive
Reasoning

What is the next shape in the sequence?


+ Inductive or Deductive?
90% of humans
are right handed.
Joe is human,
therefore Joe is
right handed.

DEDUCTIVE
+ Inductive or Deductive?

You are a good student.


You get all A’s.
Therefore your friends
must get all A’s too.

INDUCTIVE
+ Inductive or Deductive?

All oranges are


fruits. All fruits
grow on trees.
Therefore, all
oranges grow on
trees.

DEDUCTIVE
+ Inductive or Deductive?
Mikhail hails from
Russia and
Russians are tall,
therefore Mikhail
is tall.

INDUCTIVE
Inductive or Deductive?

Since all men are


mortal, and
Socrates is a man,
Socrates is mortal.

DEDUCTIVE
Inductive or Deductive?
Exploration of the surface
of Mars has produced
some surprising facts.
Therefore exploration of
the surface of Jupiter will
produce some surprising
facts.

INDUCTIVE
Inductive or Deductive?

Since Chris is a
Star Wars fan,
Chris's sister must
be a Star Wars fan
also.

INDUCTIVE
Inductive or Deductive?
The sun is a star;
the sun has
planets; therefore
some stars have
planets.

DEDUCTIVE

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