CHAPTER - 5

MAGNETISM AND MATTER

Teaching Points
I. Magnetic Dipole
a) Concept of Magnetic poles
Properties of Bar magnets
1. Attractive, 2. Directive, 3. Paired existance, 4. Inductive property
b) Atomic view of magnetism
c) Coulomb’s law in magnetism
d) Magnetic dipole and dipole moment
e) Magnetic field
f) Magnetic field lines
 Properties of field lines
g) Magnetic field on axial position (End-on) due to bar magnet
h) Magnetic field due to bar magnet at equitorial position (Broad on)
i) Magnetic field at an arbitary point

j) Torque on a bar magnet in magnetic field

k) Potential energy of bar magnet when placed in a magnetic filed, stable and unstable
equilibrium of a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field
l) Potential due to magneic pole
m) Potential due to dipole [End on Broad on]
n) Current loop as a magnetic pole
o) Atoms as a magnetic pole
p) Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid
q) Gauss-law is magnetism
II. Earth’s Magnetism
a) Geographic axis - Magnetic axis indicator, Geographic Equator, Magnetic equator, Causes
of earth magnetism
b) Magnetic Elements
 Declination, Inclination (dip angle)
Horizontal component of earth field
 Compass needle and dip circle
 Principle of apparent dip
c) Neutral point (different cases in the presence of a magnet and earth’s magnetic field)
 Parallel to earth’s magnetic field antiparallel
 d) Application of vibration meter
(1) Compare magnetic moments
 Equal size
 Unequal size
(2) Compare earth magnetic field at two place
III. Classification of Magnetic Material
 Important terminologies
a) Magnetic Intensity
b) Intensity of magnetisation
c) Magnetic flux
d) Magnetic Induction
e) Magnetic susceptibility
f) Magnetic permeability
 Relative permeability
 Classification of magnetic materials
Dia, Para, Fero :- Discuss the electron theory (Moment due to electron)
Also curies law & Curie weiss law
 Properties & Behaviour of dia, para ferromagnetic material in magnetic field.
 Hysteresis
Hysteresis curve and its important terms, Retentivity, Coercivity.
Significance of area of hysteresis loop and energy loss in hysteresis
 Comparison of hysteresis loops for soft iron and steel.
Application of ferromagnetic material
 Permanent magnetss
 Electromagnetss
 Transformer core
QUESTIONS
LEVEL I
1. Two like magnetic poles of strength 25Am and 64 Am are situated 1m apart in air. At what
point on the line joining the two poles, the magnetic field will be zero?
A) 0.5 m from 25 Am pole B) 0.385 m from 25 Am pole
C) 0.385 m from 64 Am pole D) 1.667 m from pole 64 Am
2. A magnetised steel wire 31.4 cm long has a pole strength of 0.2Am. It is then bent in the
form of a quarter circle. Calculate the magnetic moment of this configuration.
2
A) 4  10 2 Am 2 B) 4 2 102 Am 2 C) 2 2 10 Am
2
D) 6.28Am2
3. A bar magnet is 0.1m long and has a pole strength of 10 Am. Calculate the magnetic field at
a distance of 0.2m from its centre at a point (i) on axis and (ii) on its light besector

A) 2.84  10 5 T and 1.142  10 5 T B) 1.142  10 5 T and 2.84  10 5 T

C) 0.62  10 5 T and 0.31 10 5 T D) 0.31 10 5 T and 0.62  10 5 T

4. A short bar magnet of magnetic moment 0.9J T–1 is placed with its axis at 600 to a uniform
magnetic field. It experience a torque of 0.063 Nm. Calculate the strength of the magnetic
field.
A) 0.04T B) 0.01T C) 0.081 T D) 0.05 T
5. Calculate the work done in rotating a bar magnet of magnetic moment 3JT –1 through an
angle of 600 from it stable equilibrium position in uniform field 0.34  10 4 T .

A) 5.1 10 5 J B) 2.5  10 5 J C) 3.4  10 5 J D) 0.4J

6. A ship is sailing due west according to Mariner’s compass. If declination of that place is 180
east of north. What is the free direction of ship?
A) 720 south of east B) 180 south of east
C) 720 north of east D) 100 north of east
7. A magnet makes 30 vibrations per minute at a place where horizontal components of earth’s
field is 0.18G. At another place, if it takes 1.6 seconds to complete one vibration. What is the
value of horizontal component of earth’s field there?
A) 0.48G B) 0.28G C) 0.3G D) 0.2G

8. A magnet weight 75g and its magnetic moment is 2  10 4 Am 2 . If density of the material of
magnet is 7.5  103 kg m 3 , calculate the intensity of magnetisation
A) 10 Am–1 B) 12 Am–1 C) 20 Am–1 D) 40 Am–1

9. The susceptibility of magnesium at 300k is 1.2  10 5 . At what temperature will the

susceptibility equal to 1.44  10 5 ?
A) 100k B) 150k C) 200k D) 250k
10. Two bar magnets having same geometry with magnetic moment M and 2M are placed in
such a way that their similar poles are on the same side, then its time period of oscillation is
T1. Now if the polarity of one of the magnet is reversed, then time period of oscillation is T2,
then:
A) T1 < T2 B) T1 > T2 C) T1 = T2 D) T1 =  , T1 = 0
LEVEL II
1. Two particles each of mass m and charge q, are attached to the two ends of a light rigid rod
of length 2R. The rod is rotated at constant angular speed about a perpendicular axis passing
through its centre. The ratio of the magnitudes of the magnetic moment of the system and
its angular momentum about the centre of rod is:

A) q/2m B) q/m C) 2q/m D) q / m

2. Two short bar magnets of length 1cm each have magnetic moments 1.20Am2 and 1.00Am2
respectively. They are placed on a horizontal table parallel to each other with their north pole
pointing towards the south. They have a common magnetic equator and are separated by a
distance of 20cm. The values of the resultant horizontal magnetic induction at the midpoint
O of the line joining their centres is close to: [BH = 3.6  10 5 Wb / m 2 ]
3. The coercivity of a small magnet where the ferromagnetic gets demagnetised is 3  103 Am 1 .
The current required to be passed in a solenoid of length 10cm and no. of turns 100, so that
the magnet gets demagnetised when inside the solenoid is:
A) 6A B) 30ma C) 60mA D) 3A
4. Hysterisis loops for two magnetic materials A and B are given below.

Then its proper use are:

A) A for electric generator and transformers
B) A for electromagnets and B for electric generator
C) A for transformer and B for electromagnets
D) B for electromagnets and transformers
5. The following figures show the arrangement of bar magnets in different configurations.
Each magnet has magnetic dipole moment M. Which configuration has highest net magnetic
dipole moment?

A) B)

C) D)
6. A short bar magnet is placed in the magnetic meridian of the earth with north pole pointing
north. Neutral points are found at a distance of 30 cm from the magnet on the east-west
line, drawn through the middle point of the magnet. The magnetic moment of the magnet in
Am2 is close to?

[Given  0 / 4  10 7 in SI units and BH = Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field =

3.6  10 5 T ]
A) 9.7 B) 4.9 C) 19.4 D) 14.6

7. A magnetic needle of magnetic moment 6.7  10 2 Am 2 and moment of inertia 7.5  106 kg m 2
is performing simple harmonic motion in a magnetic field of 0.01T. Time taken for 10 complete
oscillation is:
A) 6.65 s B) 8.89 s
C) 6.98 s D) 8.67 s
8. A current loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field in four different orientation, I, II, III and
IV, arrange them in the decreasing order of potential energy.

I. II.

III. IV.

A) I > III > II > IV

B) I > II > III > IV
C) I > IV > II > III
D) III > IV > I > II
LEVEL III
1. Which pair of the following qunatity here same dimensions
A) Magnetizing field vector H and Intensity of magnetisation
B) Magnetic susceptibility and specific gravity
C) Magnetic field B and magnetizing field vector H
D) Magnetic field B and intensity of magnetisation I
2. Essential diffference between electrostatic shielding by conducting shell and magnetostatic
shielding is due to:
A) Electrostatic field lines can end on charges and conductors have free change
B) Lines of B can also end but conductor cannot
C) Line of B cannot end on any material and perfect shielding is not possible
D) Shells of high permeability material can be used to divert lines of B from interior region
3. Earth’s magnetic field may be supposed to be due to a small bar magnet located at the
centre of the earth. If the magnetic field at a point on the magnetic equator is 0.3G. Take
 radius of earth 6.4  10 6 m .
A) Magnetic field at north pole is 0.6G
B) 0.3G will be magnetic field at north pole

C) Magnetic moment of such a bar will be 7.86  10 22 Am 2

D) Magnetic moment of such a bar will be 1.8  10 22 Am 2

4. A short bar magnet is placed in a horizontal plane with its axis is the magnetic meridian. Null
points are found to be on its equitorial line, at 12.5cm from the centre of the magnet. The
earth’s magnetic field at the palce is 0.38G and the angle of dip is zero. [Assume that the
length of the magnet is negligible as compared to the distance of the null points from the
centre of the magnet]
A) 1.14G will be the field at points on axis of the magnet located at a distance 12.5 cm as the
null point from the centre
B) If bar is turned by 1800 null point will be at 15.7cm on equitorial line
C) If bar is turned by 1800 null point will be at 15.7 cm on axial line
D) If bar magnet turned by  angle null point changed by  / 2 angle
5. Assume that each iron atoms has a permanent magnetic moment equal to 2Bohr magnetons.
[1 Bohr magneton = 9.27  10 24 Am 2 ]. The number density of atoms in iron is 8.52  10 28 m 3 .

A) Maximum value of magnetisation intensity is 1.58  106 Am 1

B) Maximum value of magnetic induction is 1.985T

C) Maximum value of magnetisation intensity is 4.5  106 Am 1

D) Maximum value of magnetic induction is 4.985T
6. Magnetic susceptibility is positive for:
A) Non-magnetic material B) Para magnetic material
C) Ferromagnetic material D) Diamagnetic material
7. Select the correct option
A) Ferromagnetic material may be used to make permanent magnets
B) Ferromagnetic material may be used to make core of transformers
C) Ferromagnetic material has positive susceptibility
D) Paramagnetic material has negative susceptibility

8. A paramagnetic gas consist of atoms each with dipole moment of 1.5  10 23 JT 1 . The
temperature of the gas is 270C and its number density is 2  10 26 m 3 .
[Boltsman constant = 1.38  1023 J molecule 1k  1 ]

A) Maximum magnetisation possible is 3  103 Am 1

B) The sample can achieve maximum magnetisation 3  103 Am 1 at this temperature

C) It cannot achieve maximum magnetisation at 3T field
D) KE will not allow the gas to achieve maximum magnetisation at 3T field
 LEVEL IV
1. Figure shows a short magnet executing small oscillation in a vibration magnetometer in
earth's magnetic field having horizontal component 24T . The period of oscillation is 0.1sec.
When the key K is closed, an upward current of 18A is established as shown. The new time
period is:

A) 0.1sec B) 0.2 sec C) 0.3 sec D) 0.4 sec

2. A telephone cable at a place has four long horizontal wires carrying a current of 1 ampere in
the same direction east to west. The earth magnetic field at the place is 0.39G and the
angle of dip is 350. The magnetic declination is nearly zero. The resultant magnetic field at
a point 4cm above the cable is:

A) 5.34  10 5 T B) 1.19  10 5 T C) 3.19  10 5 T D) 2.5  10 5 T

3. A coil of 50 turns and area 1.25  10 3 m 2 is pivoted about a vertical diameter in a uniform
horizontal magnetic field and carries a current of 2A. When the coil is held with its plane in
N-S direction, it experiences a couple of 0.04 Nm and when it plane is east west, the
corresponding couple is 0.03Nm. The magnetic induction is:
A) 0.2T B) 0.3T C) 0.5T D) 0.4T

4. A short bar magnet of magnetic moment is 5.25  10 2 J / T is placed with its axis perpendicular
to the earth's field direction . At what distance from the center of the magnet , the resultant
field is inclined at 450 with earth’s field on its normal bisector. [Magnitude of earth’s field at
the place is 0.42 G]
A) 2.5 cm B) 5 cm C) 2cm D) 6.3 cm
5. The hysteresis loss for a sample of 12kg iron is 300 J/m–3 cycle–1. If density of iron is 7500
ka/m3 energy loss per hour at 50 cycle per second is:

A) 8.64  10 4 J B) 8.64  10 2 J C) 7.6  105 J D) 2.8  10 2 J

6. A magnetic needle having magnetic moment 10Am2 and length 2.0 cm is clamped at its
centre in such a way that it can rotate in the vertical east-west plane. A horizontal force
towards east is applied at the north pole to keep the needle fixed at an angle of 300 with the
vertical. Find the magnitude of force applied. The vertical component of earth field 40T .

A) 2.3  10 2 N B) 5.4  10 2 N C) 6  10 2 N D) 1.2  10 2 N

7. The intensities of magnetic field at two points on the axis of bar magnet at distance of 10cm
and 20 cm from the middle point in the ratio 18:1. Find the distance between the pole of the
magnets.
A) 12.65 cm B) 6.325 cm C) 3.15 cm D) 5.6 cm

8. The magnetic field at a point on the magnetic equator is found to be 3.1 10 5 T . Taking the
earth’s radius to be 6400 km, calculate the magnetic moment of the assumed dipole, at
earth centre

A) 17.2 1029 Am2 B) 8.11022 Am2 C) 2 1028 Am2 D) 1.7 1022 Am2
 CHAPTER - 5
MAGNETISM AND MATTER

LEVEL I

1. B 3. A 5. A 7. B 9. D
2. B 4. C 6. B 8. C 10. A

LEVEL II
1. A 3. D 5. C 7. A
2. 2.56  10 4 Wb / m 2 4. D 6. A 8. C

LEVEL III
1. A, B 3. A, C 5. A, B 7. A, B, C

2. A, C, D 4. A, C, D 6. B, C 8. A, C, D

LEVEL IV

1. B
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. A
6. A
7. A
8. B
SOLUTIONS
LEVEL I

1.

LEVEL II

1.
2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
7.

LEVEL III

3.

4.
5.

8.

LEVEL IV

1.
2.

3.

4.

5.
6.

7.

8.