Django

Web Development for

Perfectionists with Deadlines

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Framework
» Models

» Define how a piece of data looks and works.

» Forget SQL, Django handles the database.

» Views

» A URL is mapped to a view.

» View pulls some objects based on a query.

» Creates a rendering context.

» Templates

» HTML code with some extra tags that insert some

content from the context.

Thursday 24 February 2011

 A Django Project
» Separated into ‘apps’.
» Examples: /news/, /photos/, /events/
» Each app has its own models, views,
templates.
» A global URL mapper turns a URL into
a view located inside an app.

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Speed Through It

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Model
class Photo([Link]):
name = [Link](max_length=100)
file = [Link]()
owner = [Link](User)
pub_date = [Link]()
description = [Link]()

Thursday 24 February 2011

 URL Map
url variable, will be passed as keyword argument to view function

(r‘photos/(?P<id>\d+)/$’, ‘photos.show_photo’),

regex describing url path

python package path to view function

Thursday 24 February 2011

 View

def show_photo(request, id):

photo = [Link](id=id)
context = { ‘photo’: photo }
return render_to_response(‘[Link]’, context)

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Template
{% extends ‘[Link]’ %}
{% block content %}
<h2>{{ [Link] }}</h2>
<em>Uploaded by: {{ [Link] }}<em></br>
<img src=”{{ [Link] }}” />
<p>
{{ [Link] }}
</p>
{% endblock %}

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Installing Django

» Install Python! (duh)

» Install setuptools
» $ easy_install django
» > C:\Python2x\scripts\easy_install.exe django

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 Start a Project

» [Link] startproject mysite

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Start an App

» cd mysite
» ./[Link] startapp photos

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 File Layout
__init__.py
[Link]
photos
photos/__init__.py
photos/[Link]
photos/[Link]
photos/[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
templates/[Link]
templates/[Link]
Thursday 24 February 2011
 [Link]

» ./[Link] startapp [appname]

» ./[Link] runserver
» ./[Link] syncdb

Thursday 24 February 2011

 [Link]

» Edit database config.

» Set up locale, timezones, translation.
» Set template directories.
» Load middleware.
» Load apps.

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Built-in Apps
» Django comes with loads of built in
apps for various purposes.
» User authentication.
» Sessions.
» Admin site.
» Etc etc.
Thursday 24 February 2011
 Designing URLs
[Link]

[Link]?pageid=144

[Link]

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Designing URLs

0,2097,1-1-30-72-407-4752,[Link]

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Designing URLs

photos/

photos/14/

photos/hamilton-at-night/

Thursday 24 February 2011

 [Link]
from [Link] import *

from [Link] import admin

[Link]()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^admin/doc/', include('[Link]')),
(r'^admin/', include([Link])),
(r ^photos/(?P<id>\d+)/$ , photos.show_photo ),
(r ^$ , [Link] ),
)

Thursday 24 February 2011

 About Models
» No SQL needed, Django handles it for whatever kind
of database you choose in [Link].

» SQLite for dev, deploy on MySQL, move to

Postgres later - no problem.

» Never risk SQL Injection. i.e. concatenating an SQL

query with some content a user submitted in a
form in order to construct a full query.

» Django lazily evaluates queries, won’t run a query

until you need to enumerate and print the result.

» Uses QuerySet objects for sorting, filtering,

querying.

Thursday 24 February 2011

 About QuerySets
>>> [Link]()
>>> [Link](uploaded = today())
>>> [Link](name__startswith = ”Pants”)
>>> [Link](owner =
[Link](username=”theorie”))

Can also union and intersect querysets, drop into

SQL whenever you want.

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Updating objects

>>> p = [Link](id=some_id)
>>> [Link] = “A new name”
>>> [Link]() # photo has been saved to the db

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Admin Site
» Rapid development of new features.
» Knock out a model in 5 minutes.
» Get a writer on the admin site pushing
content.
» Finish view logic and templates.
» Feature deployed within the hour.
Thursday 24 February 2011
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 Batteries Included
» Generic Views
» Syndication
» Auth/Auth
» Comments
» i18n/l10n
» Caching framework
Thursday 24 February 2011
 Generic Views
from [Link] import Photo

patterns = urlpatterns( ,
(r ^photos/$ ,
[Link].list_detail.object_list ,
{
queryset : [Link](),
paginate_by : 30
}
),

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Syndication
from [Link] import Feed
from [Link] import Photo

class PhotoFeed(Feed):
title = My Photo Feed
link = /photos/
description = Photos from my site

def items(self):
return [Link]()[:20]

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Syndication

» (r’^feeds/photos/$’, PhotoFeed()),

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Auth/Auth
» Abstracted, use any method you want.

» Built-in Users, Groups, Permissions in

[Link]

» Authenticate using the local database.

» user = authenticate(username, password)

» [Link]() if user != None

» Attach any other auth system you can think of.

» Many available on the internet: LDAP, ActiveDirectory,

etc.

» Write your own, make a class that implements

authenticate(user, pass) and get_user(id), add it to
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS in [Link]
Thursday 24 February 2011
 Auth/Auth
» Netsoc uses our own auth backend, based
on the LDAP method.

» Though unless you want to query LDAP

every time you need some user’s info, it’s
best to cache the user data in Django’s User
database locally as well.

» We also run through the LDAP groups that

the user belongs to and tag the local django
copy with things like is_staff and
is_superuser if the account is an admin or
member of webteam.

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Comments
{% load comments %}
{% get_free_comment_list
for [Link] [Link]
as comments %}

{% for comment in comments %}

<h3>{{ comment.person_name }} said:</h3>
<p>{{ [Link] }}</p>
{% endfor %}

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Comments

{% free_comment_form for [Link] [Link] %}

Thursday 24 February 2011

 i18n/l10n
» Django’s core is translated into 63 languages.
» Easy to add localization to your projects.
» from [Link] import ugettext as _

» _(“This text will be translated”)

» {% trans “This text will be translated” %}

» [Link] makemessages -l fr

» [Link] compilemessages

» [Link][‘django_language’] = ‘fr’

Thursday 24 February 2011

 Caching
» Various caching middleware is included.
» Filesystem
» Local memory
» Memcached
» Write your own caching backend.
» Add it to CACHES in [Link]
» Cache a whole view.
» Just cache part of a template, save caches based
on tags like username, language code, to keep
them relevant.
Thursday 24 February 2011
 Learn More

» [Link]

» Thanks for coming.

» Slides are on [Link]

Thursday 24 February 2011