University of Dhaka

Department of Theoretical Physics

Four Year BS Courses
Effective from 2016-2017 Session onward until farther new curriculum introduced

Preamble
Physics is the most developed discipline of natural science of the twentieth century, and still growing with a
momentum in the current century. So far many different branches of physics have been emerged aiming at
developing newer and smarter technologies and, acquiring the knowledge of the universe. Looking at the
elementary or basic physics level and the frontier levels of physics, we can imagine how one has to hike to go
from the bottom to the top level. It is, of course, not necessary that every students must reach the frontier level.
But for the sake of scientific development of the nation as well as of the world a group of students must remain
well equipped with adequate knowledge of physics to climb at the frontier level and to walk on the cutting edge of
knowledge.

The study of physics is generally undertaken by three groups of undergraduates. One group takes physics as a part
of general education, the second group to prepare for carriers in professional fields that require a knowledge of
physics and the 3rd group to prepare for careers in physics or related fields including teachings and research in
colleges and universities, research in government funded laboratories. It is difficult for the Physics Department of
Dhaka university to train students of all the above groups keeping them seated on the same platform. The
Students aspiring to seek an advanced training in the Latest developments in modeling the structure of universe,
both in the microscopic and latest domains as well as analysis in their domain would need an accelerated program,
Which Theoretical Physics Department wants to provide.

The mission of the undergraduate program in theoretical physics is to deal with the 3 rd group of students and to
provide them with a strong foundation in both classical and modern physics. The goal of the programme is to
develop both quantitative problem solving skills and analyze and interpret data. These abilities are acquired
through both course work and opportunities to conduct independent research.

The learning outcomes of the undergraduate programme will be the following: students will develop an
understanding of the fundamental laws that govern the universe and a strong foundation of mathematical, analytical,
laboratory, and written communication skills. Upon completion of BS degree in Theoretical Physics students will
acquire the following knowledge and skills:

(1) A through quantitative and conceptual understanding of the core areas of physics, including mechanics,
electricity and magnetism, thermodynamics, statistical physics and quantum mechanics at the level
comparable with other best institutions in the world.
(2) The ability to analyze and interpret quantitative results, both in the core areas of physics and in complex
problems that cross multiple core areas.
(3) The ability to apply the principles of physics to solve new and unfamiliar problems.
This ability is often described as “thinking like a physicist”.
Courses and Credit required for the 4-year BS degree Total Credits: 134
First Year

Core Courses

Course Number Course Name Credits

TP-101 Classical Mechanics-I 4 Credits
TP-102 Introduction to Electricity of Magnetism 4 Credits
TP-103 Wave & Oscillation: 3 Credits
TP-104 Kinetic theory of Gas & Thermal physics 3 Credits
TP-106 Viva- Voce 2 Credits
TP-105 Lab 4 Credits

Minor Courses

Course Number Course Name Credits

TP-001 Calculus-1 3 Credits
TP-002 Linear Algebra 3 Credits
TP-003 Analytic geometry 2 Credits
TP-005 Chemistry 4Credits

First Year- 32 Credits

Second Year
Core Courses

Course Number Course Name Credits

TP-201 Atomic and Molecular Physics 4 Credits
TP-202 Computational Physics 3 Credits
TP-203 Physical Optics & Laser 3 Credits
TP-204 Mathematical Physics-I 3 Credits
TP205 Lab: Electricity Modern Physics & optics 4 Credits
TP-206 Viva 2 Credits

Minor Courses

Course Number Course Name Credits

TP-006 Lab based Programming: C++, Fortran-90 4 Credits
TP-007 Numerical analysis 3 Credits
TP-008 Ordinary differential equation 3 Credits
TP-009 Statistics 3 Credits
Second Year- 36 Credits
Third Year

Core Courses

Course Number Course Name Credits

TP-301 Classical mechanics-II 4 Credits
TP-302 Special theory of relativity 2 Credits
TP-303 Electrodynamics 4 Credits
TP-304 Quantum Mechanics-I 4 Credits
TP-305 Statistical Mechanics-I 3 Credits
TP-306 Condensed Matter Physics-I 4 Credits
TP-307 Nuclear and Particle Physics 3Credits
TP-308 Lab 6 Credits
TP-309 Viva 3 Credits
Third Year- 33 Credits

Forth Year

Core Course

Course Number Course Name Credits

TP-401 Quantum field theory 4 Credits
TP-402 Quantum Mechanics-II 3 Credits
TP-403 Statistical Mechanics-II 3 Credits
TP-404 Condensed Matter Physics-II 4 Credits
TP-405 Fluid Mechanics 3 Credits
TP-406 Introduction to Astrophysics 3Credits
TP-407 Research Project 3 Credits
TP-408 Lab: Computer Simulation 6 Credits
TPG-409 Viva- voce 4Credits
Forth Year-33Credits
Total
First Year- 32
Second Year- 36
Third Year- 33
Forth Year-33
Total = 134 Credits
Syllabus of the First Year Courses:
Classical Mechanics-I

TP-101; 4-credits

Vector Calculus

Introduction: Introduction to vector analysis, Scalar product or Dot product, Vector product or Cross
Product, Product of three or four vectors, Differentiation of Vectors : Integration of vectors. Gradient,
Divergence, Curl. Green’s theorem, Divergence theorem, Stoke’s theorem.

Tensor Analysis: Definition of Tensor, The tensor concept, Kronecker delta and Levi-Civita Tensor,
Importance of Tensor in Physics, Rank, Coordinate transformation, Contravariant and covariant vectors,
Symmetric Anti- symmetric and skew-symmetric tensors, contraction, Tensor Equations, Metric tensors
and their determinants, The Christoffel symbols, Applications to lattice geometry, Field tensor, Field
energy tensor.

Kinematics: Motion in one, two and there dimension, Displacement, Speed and velocity, Average
velocity, Instantaneous velocity, Acceleration. Equations of kinematics for Constant acceleration
Application of the equation of kinematics (Free falling bodies), projectile motion, Graphical analysis of
velocity and acceleration, relative velocity.

Velocity, Forces and Newton’s Laws of Motion:

Concept of force and mass, Newton’s first law of motion, Inertia of Mass, An inertial reference
frame. Newton’s Second law of motion, Vector nature of Newton’s second law of motion, Newton’s
Third law of motion, Newton’s law of universal gravitation. Mass and Weight, Normal force,
Apparent weight, Static and Kinetic Frictional forces, Tension of force, Equilibrium and Non
Equilibrium applications of Newton’s Laws of motion.

Dynamics of Uniform Circular motion: Uniform circular motion, Centripetal force, Banked
Curves, satellites in circular orbits. Apparent weightlessness and Artificial gravity, vertical circular
motion.

Work and Energy: Work done by a constant force,. The Work Energy Theorem and the kinetic
energy. Work done by the force of gravity Conservative Versus non-Conservative forces, Power
work done by a Variable force Other form of energy and conservative of energy.

Impulse and Momentum: Impulse- momentum theorem, Linear momentum of a system of particles,
Principles of Conservation of linear momentum, Rocket motion, Centre of mass , Collision in one
and two dimensions.

Rotational Motion: Rotational motion and angular displacement, Angular Velocity and angular
acceleration, Equation of rotational kinematics. Angular variable and tangential variables, Centripetal
acceleration and tangential acceleration, Rolling motion. Vector nature of angular variables.
Dynamics: Action of Forces and torques on rigid Objects. Newton’s Second law for rotational
motion about a fixed axis, Rotational Work and energy. Angular momentum, combined motion of
translational and rotation.

Gravitation: History of derelemene, The law of universal Gravitation, The inertial and gravitational
mass Gravitational effect of a spherical distribution of mass, The motion of planets and satellites, The
gravitational field potential energy for a single and many particle systems, the earth as an interial
reference, frame, The principle of equivalent

Equilibrium of Rigid bodies:

Rigid bodies, Condition of Equilibrium of rigid bodies, centre of gravity, Stable unstable and neutral
equilibrium in a gravitational field . Examples of equilibrium.

Book:

1. Physics, R. Resnick, D Halliday and K Krane John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
2. Physics, J.D Cutnell and K.W. Johnson, sixth edition, John Wiley and Sons,Inc.
3. Vector Analysis by M. R. Spiegel

Electricity and Magnetism

TP-102
4 Credits

Electric forces and Fields: The origin of electricity, Law of Conservation of electric charge. Chagrins
by Contact and by induction Coulomb’s Law. Electric field, Lines of Force, Calculation of E, A
dipole in an Electric field. Application, Copier and computer Printers.

Gauss’s Law

Flux of electric field. Gauss’s law. Coulomb’s Law From Gausses law and Vice Versa. Observation
and remarks of Benjamin Franklin, Joseph Priestley, and Michel Faraday’s observation and remarks
relevant to Gauss’s Law. Some application of Gauss’s law: For spherical , Cylindrical and planar
Charge distribution.

Electric Potential and potential energy :

Definition of Electric potential, relation between field strength and potential, potential due to
a point charge, for a group of point charges, a charged disk, due to a electric dipole, potential
difference, Electric potential energy. Biomedical applications of Electric potential differences,
Medical Diagnostic techniques.
Capacitor and Dielectrics :Capacitance, Calculation of Capacitance with and without dielectric,
atomic View of dielectric, Dielectrics and Gauss’s law, Relation among three electric Vectors,
Energy storage in a capacitor.

Current and Resistance: Electromotive force, dc Current and Current density, Resistance,
resistivity and conductivity, Ohm’s Law, Resistivity in atomic View, potential drop, Alternating
Current rms value, Electric power, Internal resistance, Calculating current from the consideration
of energy. Kirchhoff’s rules. Analysis of simple multiloop circuits. potentiometers, RC- ,RL-
circuits, Measurements of current and voltage, Safety and physiological Effects of Current.

Magnetic Force and Magnetic Field: Magnetic Lines of induction, magnetic field intensity
and field of induction, magnetic force on a moving charge, The mass spectrometer ,The force on a
Current in a magnetic field, Torque on a current loop. The Hall experiment .The cyclotron, DC
electric motor, Ampere’s Law. Effect of Ampere’s law in parallel conductors, B for a solenoid
Biot-Savart law, Magnetic materials, Magnetic tape recording, maglev trains.

Electromagnetic induction:

Induced EMF and Induced Current, Motional emt, and magnetic flux, Faraday law of
Electromagnetic induction, Lenz’s law, time varying magnetic fields, induction and relative motion
Application of electromagnetic induction to the reproduction of sound, The electric generator, the
back emt generated by an electric motor, Mutual inductance and self inductance relation between
self and mutual inductance, Energy stored in an inductor, Transformer, Analysis of an LCR
circuit.
 Waves and Oscillations:
TP-103
3 Credit

1. Simple Harmonic Oscillators:

1.1 Free Vibrations:
Equation of motion, initial condition, natural frequency, Angular vibrations, acoustic
vibrations, plasma vibrations, molecular vibrations, LC/LCR circuit oscillations
1.2 Harmonic oscillation:
The Harmonic oscillator, small oscillations and linearity, time translation invariance,
uniform circular motion, complex numbers, complex exponentials, displacement and energy,
constant energy, the torsion pendulum, a simple nonlinear oscillator, super
position of simple harmonic motion, two simple harmonic motion at right angles,
Lissajous figures, combination of two opposite circular motion.
2. Damped Harmonic Motion:
Overdamped oscillators, underdamped oscillators, critically damped oscillators,
examples of damped oscillations, resistance damping, collision damping, friction
damping, electromagnetic damping
3. Driven Harmonic Motion:
3.1 Forced oscillations and natural frequency of vibration, steady states, superposition,
transients,
3.2 Resonance: work, resonance width and lifetime, phase lag.
3.3 Anharmonic Vibrations: A symmetric and asymmetric return force, forced
vibration of non-linear systems, concepts of chaos
4. Coupled Oscillators and Normal Modes:
More than one degree of freedom, two coupled oscillators, linearity and normal
modes, n coupled oscillators, normal modes, normal modes and frequencies, the
initial value problem, normal coordinates and initial values.
5. Wave Motion:
Types of waves, Terms related to periodic waves of constant types, characteristics of
progressive wave, differential wave equation, properties of differential wave equation,
solution of wave equation, phase velocity and group velocity, stationary waves, large
amplitude waves and shock waves, vibration of string, progressive wave, standing waves.
6. Longitudinal Oscillations and Sound:
6.1 Propagation and speed of sound, Adding two waves, beat notes and modulation, side
bands, localized wave trains.
6.2 Acoustics: Consonance and dissonance, harmony and melody, ultrasonic and
infrasonic sound, speech and noise sound, echo and reverberation, Sabine's formula,
reverberation time in a dead room, acoustic measurement.

Text books:
1. Vibrationsand Waves in Physics, Iain G. Main
2. The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, H. J. Pain
3. Wave Motion, J. Billingham A. C. King
4. Vibrations and Waves, A. P. French
5. The Feynman Lectures on Physics by Feynman, Leighton, and Sands

Kinetics Theory of gases and Thermodynamics

TP-104
3 Credits

Kinetic theory of gases : Introduction, Velocity and position distributions of molecules :

Avogadro’s law, or the equation of State of an ideal gas, Temperature and thermal equilibrium,
Equipartition of energy, the density of isothermal atmosphere, the Boltzmann factor in the
potential energy, Maxwell distribution law of Velocity, Boltzmann distribution, Averages.

Brownian motion: Historical background, Characteristic Scales, Random walk, Brownian motion,
random force and friction, the Langevin equation and its Solution, Application.

Transpart Coefficients : Introduction, the mean Free time and path, Self diffusion, the mobility
Coefficient, Connection between the diffusion Coefficient and the mobility, Viscosity and thermal
Conductivity.

Fundamental Concepts Thermodynamics : Heat and temperature, Thermodynamic System,

Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law, Thermodynamic equilibrium, equation of state for ideal and real
gases. Expansivity and Compressibility.

First law of thermodynamics: Work depends on the path, internal energy, the General form of
the first law, the energy equation, consequences of the first law (I) T and V independent, (II) T, U
independent. (III) P and V independent. The Gay-Lussac- Joule experiment. Reversible adiabatic
process. The Carno-cycle, Carno Engine and refrigerator.

Entropy and Second law of thermodynamics :

Second law of thermodynamics, Thermodynamic temperature, Entropy, Entropy change in

irreversible process. The Clausisus and Kelvin- Planck Statements of the Second law, Kelvin-
Planck Statement of the second law, Combination of the first and Second law. Consequences
When (i) T and V independent, (ii) T and P independent (iii) P and V independent, properties of
an ideal gas and Vanderwaal gas.

Thermodynamic Potential and the Third law of thermodynamics.

Helmnoltz function, Gibbs function, the maxwell relations, Third law of thermodynamics.
The bulk limit and Surface Corrections : Thermodynamic Considerdation, Gibbs-Duhem
relation, Link between surface phase buck phase.

Books: 1. Statistical physics, Daniel J Amit,Yosif Verbin, Rami Tzafriri, World Scientific Singapore
1999,

2. Thermodynamics, Kinetic theory and statistical thermodynamics, Third edition, Sears salirger,
Narosa Publishings Honse (reprint,1998).

Calculus-I
TP-001
3 Credits
PART A: Differential Calculus
1. Function and their graphs: Basic set theory, Number systems, Polynomial and rational
functions, Logarithmic and exponential functions, Trigonometric functions and their
inverses, Hyperbolic functions and their inverses, Combination of such functions.

2. Limits and Continuity of Functions of single Variable: Definition, Properties of limits,

Continuity properties, Limits at infinity, Infinite limit, Continuity on intervals.

3. Differentiation function and theorems: Definition of differentiability , One- sided

derivatives, Relation between differentiability and continuity, Applications of derivatives in real
life, Tangent lines and rates of change, Rules of differentiation, Successive differentiation,
Leibnitz theorem and its application, Related rates, Linear approximation and differentials,
Applications of maxima and minima, Concavity and point of inflection .

4. Power series expansion: A general form of the remainder in Taylor’s theorem, Taylor’s
theorem with the Lagranges and Cauchy’s forms of the remember, Taylor and Maclaurin
series, Differentiation and integration of power series, Validity of Taylor expansions, L’
Hospitals rule and indeterminate forms.

PART B: Integral Calculus

1. Integrals: Indefinite integrals, Techniques of integration, Definite integral as an

antiderivative, Definite integral as a limit of a Riemann Sum, The fundamental theorem of
calculus, Properties of integration, Integration by reduction.

2. Improper integrals: Improper integrals of different kinds, Gamma and Beta function.
 3. Parametric equations and polar coordinates: Graphs in polar coordinates, Graphing
parametric equations, Area and arc length in polar coordinates, Area and arc length in
parametric equations.

4. Applications of integration: Areas in the plane, Solids of revolution, Volumes by

cylindrical shells, Volumes cross-sections, Arc length and surface of revolution.
Evaluation: Incourse assessment 30 marks. Final examination (Theory, 4 hours): 70 marks.
Eight questions of equal value will be set, four from each group, of which five are to be
answered, taking at least two questions from the each group.

Books:
1. H. Anton et al., Calculus with Analytic Geometry.
2. E. W. Swokowski, Calculus with Analytic Geometry.
3. G. Strang, Calculus .

Linear Algebra
TP-002
3 Credits

1. Algebra, Matrices and Determinants: Groups, Rings and Fields, Review of matrix and
determinants, Different types of matrices, Elementary row and Column operations and
row-reduced echelon matrices, Block matrices, Inverse of a matrix, Matrix exponentials.

2. System of Linear Equations: Linear equations, Linear systems (homogeneous and non-
homogeneous) and their solutions, The matrix equation AX=b, Solution sets of linear
systems, Applications of linear systems, Gaussian and Gauss- Jordan eliminations, LU
decomposition.
3. Vector Spaces: Review of geometric vectors in 𝐑𝟐 and 𝐑𝟑 space, Vector space, Linear
independence and Basis, Change of basis, Column spaces and null spaces, Rank and nullity
of a matrix, Solution spaces of systems of linear equations.

4. Linear Transformations: Definition of different linear transformations, kernel and image

of a linear transformation and their properties, Matrix of a linear transformation, Change of
bases, Transition matrix.
 5. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors: Definition of eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Diagonalization,
Cayley-Hamilton theorem.

6. Inner Product Spaces: Introduction, Real inner product, Complex inner product, Cauchy
Schwarz’s inequality.

Evaluation: Incourse Assessment 30 marks. Final examination ( Theory, 3 hours): 70 marks.

Eight question of equal value will be set, of which any five are to be answered.

References:
1. H. Anton and C. Rorres, Linear Algebra with Applications.
2. S. Lipshutz, Linear Algebra, Schaum’s outline Series.
3. Peter J. Olver and Cheri Shakiban, Appllied Linear Algebra.
4. D. Lay, Linear Algebra with Applications.

Analytic Geometry
TP-003
2 Credits
1. Fundamental concepts and Methods : Introduction, Direct line segments, Position of a
point on a surface, Rectangular coordinates, Distance between two points, Midpoint of a
line segment, Division of a line segment, Inclination and slope, Parallel lines and
perpendicular lines, Angle between two lines, Area of triangle by coordinate, Analytic proofs
of theorem in Geometry.

2. Transformation : Transformation of coordinates, Change of origin, Rotation of axes, Change

of origin with the change of the direction of axes, Invariants.

3. Conic sections : Conic section regarded as locus, Conic section regarded as a section of a
double right circular cone, Polar equation of a conic, Standard equations of parabolas, ellipse
and hyperbolas and their properties, Solved applied problems involving parabolas, ellipses
and hyperbolas, Finding a polar equation of an orbit.

4. Pair of straight lines : Ideas of pair of lines, Equation of a pair of lines, Lines passing
through origin, General equation of second degree, Equation of the angle of bisectors,
Homogeneous equation of second degree.

5. The Circle : Center-radius form, The general form , Circles satisfying three conditions,
Family of circles, Tangent to a circle.
6. Three dimensional coordinate system : Rectangular coordinate system in 3-space, Octants
direction cosines and direction angles, Direction ratios, Projection on a line.

7. Parametric equations of lines : Vector equation of a line, Parametric form of equation of a

line, Symmetric equations, Intersection of two lines (parametric form), Different types of lines
(perpendicular, parallel and skew), Shortest distance and equations.

8. Plane in three space : Equation of a plane (vector and rectangle equations), line of intersection
of two points, Distance between two skew lines, Point of intersection, Intersection of a line
with other curves, Planes and surfaces, Finding distance between two parallel lines, Angle
between two intersection planes, Distance between a point and a plane.

References:

1. Khosh Mohammad, Analytic Geometry and Vector Analysis.

2. H. Anton et al. , Calculus with Analytic Geometry.
3. Rahman & Bhattacharjee, Coordinate Geometry with vector Analysis.
 Chemistry
TP-005
3 Credits

To be Offered by The Chemistry Department (Dhaka University)

Second Year Courses

Atomic and Molecular Physics

TP-201
4 Credits
Black body radiation: Experimental facts: Wein’s displacement law, Stefan’s radiation formula,
The Rayleish-Jeans formula, The Planck’s radiation formula, Explanation of Wien’s displacement law
and Stefan Boltzmann law from the Planck’s radiation formula.

Particle Properties of Waves: Photoelectric Effect, The quantum theory of light, X-ray production,
Continuous and Characteristic X-rays, X-ray diffraction, Compton effect, Gravitational Red shift.

Wave properties of particle: De Broglie Waves, De Broglie Wave Velocity, Group velocity, The
diffraction of particles, The uncertainty principle, The wave particle duality .

Atomic structure: Atomic Models, Alpha particle Scattering, Ruther ford scattering formula, Nuclear
Dimensions, Ruther ford model, Failure of Classical physics, Bohr atom model, Energy levels and
spectra, The Franck-Hentz experiment, The Correspondence principle, Hydrogenic atom, and
Hydrogen spectrum.

The Schrödinger equation: The wave function, wave equation, time dependent form of Schrödinger
equation, probability Current, Schrödinger equation in steady state form, Expectation value.

Many electron atoms Vector Atom model, Space quantization: Electron spin, Normal Zeeman effect,
An umalus Zeeman effect, The Stern-Gerlach experiment, spin orbit Coupling, The exclusion principle,
Electron configuration, periodic table. Hund’s rules, Total angular momentum, L S coupling J J
coupling.

Molecular and vibration Spectra: Rotational Energy levels: Diatomic molecules, polyatomic
molecules, Rotational spectra, Vibrational energy level: diatomic and polyatomic molecules, Vibration-
Rotation spectra, Electronic spectra.

Book: Perspective of Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser.

 Computational Physics
TP-202
3 Credits
1. An Introduction to Scientific Computing:
Choosing a programming language, introduction to C/C+ and FORTRAN 95, designing
program, Error Analysis and Uncertainties
2. Matrices and Solutions to Linear Equations:
Gaussian elimination, lower-upper decomposition of a matrix, solution of systems of linear
equations, inverse of a matrix and determinant, tridiagonal systems of linear equations
3. Numerical Differentiation:
Numerical limits, forward, central and extrapolated difference, second derivatives
4. Methods of Data Fitting, Interpolation and extrapolation:
Lagrange interpolation, Hermite interpolation, cubic spline interpolation, approximation of
derivatives, Richardson extrapolation, curve fitting by least square fitting, least square and
orthogonal polynomials, nonlinear least square
5. Numerical Integration:
Primitive integration formulas, Romberg integration, tropizoid and Simpsion's rule Gaussian
quadrature, some applications
6. Numerical Solution of ordinary differential equations:

Euler methods, Runge-Kutta methods, second order differential equations, Finite difference,
finite elements, eigenvalue problems

7. Numerical Solution to partial differential equations:

Classes of partial differential equations, finite difference equations, irregular physical
boundary, Neumann boundary conditions, finite difference equations, diffusion equations
8. Applications Problems:
Solving problems on mechanics, electricity and magnetism and statistical mechanics,
computing trajectories, computing orbits, few quantum mechanical problems
9. Monte-Carlo Method:
Probability distribution function, Monte Carlo integration, Monte-Carlo integration of
multidimensional integral, random walk, Metropolis algorithm

Books:

1. Robin H. Landau, Manuel J. Paez, Computational Physics Problem Solving with

Computers, John Wiley & Sons, (1997)
2. Paul L. DeVries, A First Course in Computational Physics, John Wiley & Sons, (1994)
3. Morten Hjorth-Jensen, Computational Physics.
 Physical Optics & Laser
TP-203
3 Credits

The propagation of light: The laws of reflection and refraction, The electromagnetic approach, The
Stokes treatment of reflection and refraction, photon’s and the laws of reflection and reflection.

Review of Geometric optics: Lenges, stops, Mirrors, prisms, Fibre optics, Thickens and lenses systems,
Analytic ray tracing, Aberration’s.

The Superposition of waves: Addition of waves: Complex method, phasor addition, Anharmonic
periodic waves, Fourier analysis. Pulses wave packets, optical Bandwidths.

Polarization : The nature of polarized light, Polarizer, Dichroism, birefringence, Scattering and
polarization, polarization by reflection, circular polarization, optical activity, A mathematical description
of polarization.

Interference: General considerations, condition for Visible interference, wave front splitting interfer
meters, Amplitude splitting interferometers . Types and localization of interferences fringes, Multiple
beam interference, The Fabry-Perot interferometer, the rotating sagnag interferometer.

Diffraction: Fraumhoter diffraction, Fresnal diffraction, Kirchhoff’s scalar difraction theory, Boundary
diffration waves.

Fourier optics: Fourier transformation, optical applications.

Basic Coherence theory and Laser: Visibility, the mutnal coherence function, and degree of coherence.
Coherence and Stellar interferometry.

Book: Optics by E. Hecht and a Zajac.

 Mathematical Physics-I

TP-204
3 Credits
Complex Variables: Definitions, Operation of fundamental laws of algebra on complex numbers,
Graphical representation, Properties of module and arguments and geometry of complex numbers,
Regular functions and Couehy-Riemann equations, complex integration, Cauehy’s theorem, Cauehy’s
integral formula, Taylor’s expansion, Laurent’s expansion, Residue and Contour integration,
Cauehy’s residue theorem, computation of residue, Integration round the unit circle.

Gamma and beta function: Definitions, fundamental property of gamma functions, √(½) and graph
of the gamma function, beta function, Incomplete gamma functions, relation between beta and gamma
function, Different forms of beta function.

Harmonics (with Special Function):

(i) Methods of integral in series, Legendre differential equation, functions and polynomials with
properties.
(ii) Bessel’s differential equation, functions and polynomials.
(iii) Hypergeometric functions and polynomials.
(iv) Hermite Equation, functions and polynomials.
(v) Laguerre equation, polynomials with properties.
(vi) Rieman-Zeta function.

Fourier Series, integral and transformation: Definition, Dirichlet’s conditions, Assumptions

for the Validity of Fourier’s series expansion, complex representation of Fourier series,
Parseval’s identity for Fourier’s series, Fourier’s integral, physical application of Fourier’s
series, The Fourier transforms.
Laplace transforms: Definition of the integral transform, Laplace transform from the integral
transform, Definition of Laplace transform, functions of exponential order, Piecewise or
sectional continuity, Sufficient conditions for the existences of Laplace transforms, properties
of Laplace transforms. Inverse Laplace transform and properties, Applications of Laplace
transform.

Book: 1. Complex variable by Speigel.

2. Mathematical Methods For Physics and Engineering by K.F RILEY, M.P. HOBSON, S.J
BENCE
3. Mathematical physics by B.D Gupta.
 Numerical Analysis
TP-007
3 Credits

1. Numerical solution of equation in one variable : Bisection method, Bisection algorithm,

Fixed point iteration, Newton- Raphson method, Error analysis for iteration.

2. Interpolation and Polynomial Approximation : Introduction Interpolation with Equal

intervals, Newton- Gregory Formula for forward and backward interpolation, Interpolation
with unequal intervals : Divided differences properties of divided differences, Newton’s
formula for unequal intervals, Lagrange’s interpolation formula for unequal intervals,
Hermite interpolation .
3. Numerical integration and differentiation : Introduction, Trapezoidal rule, etc., Gaussian
quadrature and Euler- Maclaurin formula.
4. Initial value problems and Boundary value problems for ordinary Differential equation:
Euler’s, Taylor, Runge-Kutta and multistep methods, Shooting methods.
5. Applied Linear algebra : Direct methods for solving linear systems, Numerical
factorizations, Eigenvalue problems.
6. Numerical linear algebra and Approximation theory :Direct methods, Iterative methods,
Least square approximation.

References:
1. R.L . Burden and J.D Faires, Numerical Analysis.
2. J. Stoer and R. Bulirsch, Introduction to Numerical Analysis, Springer- Verlag, ISBN 0-
387-90420-4
3. C.T. Kelley, Iterative methods for linear and nonlinear equations, Society of Industrial
Applied Mathematics.
 Ordinary Differential Equation
TP-008
3Credids
PART A : Ordinary Differential Equations (ODSs)

1. Introduction: Definition, Classification of differential equations, Their origin and application, First
second-order equations, Implicit solutions, Singular solutions, Initial value problems, Boundary value
problems, Basic existence and uniqueness theorem Phase line.

2. Solution of first order and higher order Differential Equations: Separable equations and
equations reducible to this form, Linear equations, Exact equations, Special integrating factors,
substitutions and transformations, Application of first-order equations, Linear differential operators,
Basic theory of linear differential equations, Variation of parameters,

PART B : Partial Differential Equations(PDEs)

1. Introduction : PDEs and their Solutions, Initial and boundary value problems, derivation of
PDEs from conservation laws.

2. First order PDES: Method of characteristics, linear and quasi- Linear PDEs.

3. Second order linear PDES : Introduction, Separation of Variable Homogeneous equations,

examples from the heat, wave, and Laplace equations, Fourier series and their convergence,
Elements of Sturm- Liouville and spectral theories, Introduction to Green’s function.

References :
1. S.L. Ross, Differential Equation.
2. D.G. Zill, A First Course in Differential Equations with Application.
3. R.B Guenther and J.W Lee, Partial Differential Equation of Mathematical Physics and
Integral Equations.
 Statistics
TP-009
3 Credits
Probability: Venn diagrams, probability : axioms and theorems, conditional probability, Bayes’
theorem, permutations and combinations, Random variables and distributions: Discrete random
variables, continues random variables, Properties of distribution: Mean, mode and median, variance
and standard deviation, moments, central moments, Functions of random variables.

Generating functions: probability generating function, moment generating functions, characteristic

functions, cumulant generating functions. Important discrete distributions: Binomial, geometric,
negative binomical, hypergeometric, poison.

Important continuous distributions: Gaussian, log-normal, exponential, gamma, chi-squared, Cauchy,

Breit-Wigner, uniform.

The central limit theorem and Joint distributions : Discrete bivariate, continuous bivariate, marginal
and conditional distributions.

Properties of joint distributions: Mean, variances, covariance and correlation.

Generating function for joint distributions, Transformation of variables in joint distributions

Important Joint distributions: Multinomial, multivariate Gaussian, Exercises
Experiments, samples and populations, sample statistics: Averages, variance and standard
deviation, moments, covariance and correlation.
Estimators and sampling distributions: Consistency, bias and efficiency, Fisher’s
inequality, standard errors, confidence limits
Some basic estimators: Mean, variance, standard deviation, moments, covariance and
correlation.
Maximum-likelihood method: M L estimator, transformation invariance and bias,
efficiency, errors and confidence limits, Bayesian interpretation, large-N behaviour,
extended M L method.
The method of least squares: Linear least squares, non-liner least squares
Hypothesis testing: Simple and composite hypothesis, statistical test, Neyman-pearson
generalized likelihood-ratio, Student’s, Fisher’s F, goodness of fit. Exercises, Hints and
answers.

Book:
Mathematical Methods For Physics and Engineering by K.F RILEY, M.P. HOBSON, S.J
BENCE
Third Year Courses

Classical Mechanics-II

TP-301
4 Credits
Survey of the elementary principles: Mechanics of one and many particles, Constraints,
D’Alembert’s principle and Lagrange’s equation Velocity dependent potentials and the
dissipation function, Cyclic coordinates and Conservation theorem.

Variational Principle: Some techniques of the calculus of Variation, Derivation of Lagrange’s

equation from Hamilton’s principle, Hamilton’s principle to Non-holonomic Systems,
Conservation theorems and symmetry properties.

Central Force Problem: Reduction of two-body problem to equivalent one body problem, The
equations of motion and first integral, Classification of orbits, Proof of the Kepler’s laws of
planetary motion. The Laplace Runge- Lenz Vector, Scattering in central force field,
Transformation of Scattering problems to Laboratory coordinates.

The Kinematics of rigid body motion: The independent coordinates of rigid body,
Orthogonal transformation, The Euler’s angles, The Cayley-Klein parameters and related
Quantities, Euler’s theorem on the motion of rigid body, Finite rotations, infinitesimal rotation.
The Coriolis force.

The rigid body rotations of motion: Angular momentum and Kinetic energy of motion about
a point, Tensors and dyadics, Inertia tensor and the moment of inertia. The Eigen values of the
inertia tensor and principle axis transformation, Euler’s equation of motion, the heavy
symmetric top.

The Hamilton’s equation of motion: Legendre transformation and Hamilton’s equation of

motion, Ruth’s procedure and oscillations about steady motion, The Hamiltonian formulation
of relativistic mechanics, Derivation of Hamilton’s equations from Variational principle, the
principle of least action.

Canonical Transfer action: The equation of Canonical transformation, the Simplistic

approach to canonical transformations, Poisson and Lagrange Brackets and other canonical
invariants, Equations of motion, infinitesimal Canonical transformations, and conservation
theorems in Poisson bracket formulation, The angular momentum Poisson bracket relations,
Symmetry groups of mechanical Systems.

Hamilton’s-Jacobi Theory: The Hamilton-Jacobi equation, example of Hamilton-Jacobi

method, separation variable in the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Action angle variable in systems of
one degree of freedom.
Book: Classical Mechanics by H. Goldstein, 2nd and 3rd Edition.

Special Theory Of Relativity

TP-302
2 Credits

The Galilean transformation and its limitation . Postulates of Special theory of relativity. The Lorentz
transformation. Addition of velocities. Lorentz transformation in real 4-dimensional space. Contraction
of length and Dilation of time, covariant Four-Dimensional formulation, Force and Energy equations in
relativistic mechanics, relativistic Kinematics of Collisions and many particle systems. The Lagrangian
formulation of Relativistic Mechanics, Covariant Lagrangian formulations.

Books: 1. Classical Mechanics( Capter-7) by Robert Goldstein,

2. Special Relativity: by A.P French.

Electrodynamics
TP-303
4 Credits
Preliminaries: Curvilinear Coordinates, Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinates. The Dirac Delta
function

Electrostatics: Coulomb’s law, the electric field, continuous charge distribution, Field lines, Flux,
Gauss’s law, divergent of E, Curl of E, Electric potential: Poisson equation, Laplace equation,
potential of a localized, Charged distribution, Boundary conditions.

Work Energy in Electro states: The energy of a point charge distribution, energy of Continuous charge
distribution.

Potentials: Laplace equation in one, two and three dimensions. Boundary Conditions Uniqueness
theorems, Conductors and second Uniqueness theorem. The method of images. Separation of Variables
in Cartesian and spherical coordinates, Multipole Expansion.
Electric field in Matter: Charge Polarization and dielectrics, induced dipoles, alignment of polar
molecules. The field of polarized object, the electric displacement, Linear dielectrics.

Magnetostatics: The Lorentz Force law, the Biot-savart law, The divergence and curl of B, Magnetic
Vector potential.

Magnetic field in Matter: Magnetization, The Field of magnetized objects, The Auxilaliary Field,
Linear and Non- linear media.

Electrodynamics: Electromotive force, Electromagnetic induction, Maxwell’s equation.

Conservation Laws: Charge and Energy, The continuity equation and Poynting’s theorem. Newton’s
Third law in Electrodynamics, Maxwell’s stress tensor, conservation of linear and anguler momentum.

Electromagnetic waves: Electromagnetic Waves in one dimension, in vacuum, in matter, Absorption

and dispersion, Guided waves.

Potential and Fields: Scalar and vector potentials, gauge transformation, Coulomb gauge and Lorentz
Gauge, Lorentz force Law in potential form. Retarded potentials, Lienard-Wiechert potential, The field
of a moving point change.

Radiation: Dipole radiation: Electric dipole radiation, magnetic dipole radiation, power radiation by a
point change, Radiation reaction, Mechanism responsible for the rediation reaction.

Relativistic Electrodynamics: Magnetism as a relativistic phenomena, Field transformation, The field

tensor, electrodynamics in tensor notation, Relativistic potentials.

Books:1. Introduction to Electrodynamics, by D.J. Griffiths,

2. Foundation of Electromagnetism by Reitz and Milford.

Quantum Mechanics-I
TP-304
4 Credits
The wave function and the uncertainty principle: The interpretation of the wave function,
normalization of wave function for particles having definite momentum, wave packets in one
and three dimension, Operators, eigen value, eigenfunction postulates of quantum Mechanics.

The Schrödinger Equation: Time dependent Schrödinger equation, conservation of

probability, time independent Schrödinger equation, stationary states, scalar product
expectation value, fundamental Commutation relation, The Ehrenfest theorem, wronskian of two
solutions, Schmidt orthonormalization procedure, Hermitian operator and their properties,
Schrödinger equation in momentum space, expectation Values with momentum space wave
functions.
One dimensional Problems: General formulae, The free particle, the potential step, the
potential barrier, the infinite Square well, the square well, the linear harmonic oscillator, Knorig-
Penney model.

The formalism of quantum mechanics: The state of a system, Ket and bra notations,
Dynamical variables and operators, adjoint operator, functions of operators, inverse and Unitary
operators, Unitary transformation, uncertainty relation, Matrix representation of wave function
and operators, time evaluation of quantum system and three pictures.

Angular momentum: Orbital angular momentum, commutation relation of different

components of angular momentum. The eigen value and eigen functions of L2 and lz, Angular
momentum operator in spherical polar coordinates.

Schrödinger equation in three dimensions: Separation of Schrödinger equation in Cartesian

and Spherical polar coordinates, The three dimensional square well potential, Hydrogenic atom.

Books: I. 1. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics,by B.H. Bransden and C.T. Joachai.

2. Quantum mechanics by A.M. Harun-ar-Rashid
3. Quantum Mechanics by G. M. Bhuiyan (Bangla)

Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics-I

TP-305
3Credits

Random Walk and Maxwell distribution function: Evaluation and scope of Statistical
Mechanics, Rantom walk, Meanvalue and distribution, Maxwell’s velocity distribution function,
mean, rms, and most probable speed, Most probable configuration, Maxwell- Boltzmann
distribution law.

Statistical basis of thermodynamics: Macroscopic and microscopic states, Contact between

Statistics and Thermodynamics, The classical ideal gas, The entropy of mixing and Gibbs
paradox.

Elements of Ensemble theory: Liouville’s theorem and its Consequences, The micro canonical
ensemble, Examples, Equipartition and virial Theorem.

The Canonical Ensemble: Equilibrium between a system and a heat reservoir, A system in the
canonical Ensemble, physical significance of various statistical quantities, Energy fluctuations
in the canonical ensemble, a system of harmonic oscillators. the statistics of para magnetism.
Thermodynamics of Magnetic systems.

The Grand Canonical Ensemble: Equilibrium between a system and a particle energy
reservoir, A systems in the grand canonical ensemble, physical significance of the statistical
quanties, Examples, Density and energy fluctuation.

Formulation of Quantum statistics: Quantum Mechanical Ensemble theory, The density

matrix, statistics of various ensemble, Examples, systems consists of indistinguishable particles,
Density matrix and the partition functions, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac distribution function
from the Box and Cell method.

Book; Statistical Mechanics by R.K. Pathria.

Condensed Matter Physics-1

TP-306
4 Credits

Crystal structure: Crystalline state, Crystal lattices, Bravais lattice and primitive vectors,
simple, body Centerned, face Centered Cubic lattices, primitive unit cell, Wigner-Seitz cell, and
conventional unit cell, crystal structure and lattice with basis, Hexagonal close-packed and
diamond structures, sodium chloride, Cesium chloride, Zinc blende, Wurtzsite and Perovskite
structures, packing fraction. The reciprocal lattice: Definition, construction of reciprocal lattice
vector, Brillouin Zone, Lattice planes and Milles’s indices, inter planner distance.

Determination of Crystal structure by X-ray diffraction method: Bragg’s law of diffraction,

von Laue formulation of diffraction, Bragg’s law from von Lane formulation, x-ray diffraction
experiments, Ewald construction, The geometrical structure factors for mono atomic lattices,
Atomic form factor, Temperature dependence of reflection line, structure factor for binary alloys
with long range order.

Symmetry operations and Classification of Bravais lattices: Symmetry elements, symmetry

group, point group symmetry, space group symmetry, point group nomenclature , Fold of the
rotation axis. Classification of Bravais lattice.

Crystal bonding and classification, Cohesive Energy: The spatial distribution of Valence
electrons, covalent, Molecular, Van Derwaal, Ionic, metallic and hydrogen bonded solids,
Cohesive Energy: Lenard-Jones 6-12 potential, equilibrium bulk modulus of solid noble gases,
Cohesive energy of molecular crystal, Born’s theory for ionic crystal, calculations of repulsive
exponent from compressibility data, Refinement of Born’s theory, Mede lung constant for 1-D
ionic crystal, for NaCl crystal.

Lattice Vibration and photon: Harmonic approximation, normal modes for 1-D mono
atomic lattice, for diatomic lattice, for one dimensional lattice with a basis, phonon frequency
for a diatomic lattice, Normal modes of a mono atomic 3-D lattice.

Lattice Defects: Different types of defects, lattice defects and the state of equilibrium of a
crystal, Number of Schottky defects as a function of temperature, Number of Frankel defects,
point defect in ionic crystal, The electrical conductivity of ionic crystal, color center, line defects,
Burger’s vector, Grain boundary, Whiskers, Frank-read mechanism of dislocation multiplication.

Book: 1. Solid state physics, by Ashcroft and Mermin,

2. Solid State-1, by G.M Bhuiyan.

Nuclear and Particle Physics

TP-307
3 Credits
Basic Nuclear Physics: Nuclear mass and charge, Nuclear size, intrinsic Angular momentum of a
nucleus , dynamic properties of nuclei, magnetic and electric properties, isotopes, packing fraction.

Nuclear Binding Energy: Definitions, Average bindings energy per nucleon, saturation and short
range of nuclear forces, separation energy systematic.

Liquid drop model, semi empirical Mass formula: Coulomb energy of a spherical nucleus , A
symmetry energy, mass Para boles, Stability line.

Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter: Interaction of Charged particles with matter, interaction
of neutrons with matter: Energy loss of neutrons, energy distribution of neutrons after collision,
Interaction of gamma radiation with matter: attenuation of gamma rays, Compton effect, photoelectric
effect, pair production. Interaction of positron with matter.

Radioactive Decay: Decay of single radio isotope, Decay law, production of a radio isotope by nuclear
bombardment, production of radio isotope by a decaying parents, Gamma decay, Alpha decay, Beta
decay.

Nuclear reactions: Conservation laws, Types of nuclear reactions, Cross sections, compound
nuclear reactions, Direct reactions.

Fission and Fusion : Fission crossection and threshold, the mass and energy distribution of the fission
products, Energy release in fission. Chain reaction for fusion.
Nuclear Forces: Nuclear binding energy and saturation of nuclear forces. The interaction between two
nucleons, Nuclear models.

Detectors: Inorganic scintillation detector, semiconductor detector, Geiger Counter, Ionization,

Chamber , cloud chamber or photographic emulsion.

Elementary particles: Classification

Forth Year

Introduction to Quantum Field Theory

TP-401
4 Credits

I. Introduction ( 8 lectures)
Lagrangians, Simple Harmonic Oscillators and Occupation number representation.
Construction of Lagrangians and Relativistic systems.

2. Canonical Quantization (10 lectures)

Time evolution, Quantum mechanical transformations, Symmetry, Canonical quantization of fields:

Examples. Multicomponent fields. Gauge Fields. Discrete transformations

3. Perturbation Theory ( 10 lectures)

Propagators and Green functions. Propagators for fields. S-matrix. Feynman diagrams. Scattering theory

4. Path Integrals ( 10 lectures)

Generating functionals and Statistical mechanics, path integrals for particles. Generalization for
fields. Broken symmetry. Coherent states and path integrals for fermions

5. Introduction to Renormalization ( 12 lectures)

Why renomalization? Example: Quasiparticles and Fermi surfaces. Renormalization of propagators and
Feynman diagrams. Renormalization groups. Application: Ferromagnetism.

6. Elements of QED ( 10 lectures)

Dirac equations. Transformation of spinors. Quantization of Dirac fields. Formulation of Quantum
electrodynamics. Renormalization of QED.

Reference:

1. Quantum Field theory for the gifted Amateur – S. Blundell and T. Lancaster, Oxford University Press
(2014).
2. Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell, 2nd edition – A. Zee, Princeton University Press (2010).
3. An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory by M. Peskin and D. Schroeder, Westview Press (1995).
 Quantum Mechanics-II
TP-402
3 Credits
Addition of Angular momentum: Coupled and uncoupled representation, Clebsch-Gordan
Coefficient Problems.

Approximation methods: Time independent perturbation theory for Non-degenerate and generate
states, Application. WKB approximation, Variational method, Time dependent perturbation theory,
Fermi’s Golden rule.

Scattering theory: Scattering amplitude, expansion of plane waves in terms of spherical harmonies,
Partial wave method, Born approximation, Relation between the phase shift and scattering potential,
General theory of scattering, Lippman-Schwinger equation. K-Matrix, T-matrix and S-matrix in the
Scattering theory.

Relativistic Quantum Mechanics: Klein- Gordon equation, and its short comings, Dirac equation,
Continuity equation, Plane wave solution of Dirac equation, covariance of Dirac equation, spin angular
momentum, Dirac equation with electromagnetic interaction, Spin-orbit interaction. Energy levels of
hydrogen atom.

Identical particles and Density Matrix: Bosons and Fermions, construction of totally symmetric and
antisymmetric wave functions, State of non-interacting identical particles, Collisions between identical
particles, Scattering of two identical spin less bosons, Scattering of two identical spin -1/2 fermions.

Density matrix for spin -1/2 systems, Scattering of spin -1/2 particles by spin –o particles.

Radiation interaction with quantum systems: Absorption, stimulated emission, spontaneous

emission, Selection rules for electric dipole transition, spontaneous and stimulated emission. w of
corresponding states.

Books: 1. Quantum Mechanics by Sakuri

2. Quantum Mechanics by Bransden and Joachain
3. Quantum Mechanics by G. M. Bhuiyan
 Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics-II
TP-403
3 Credits
Ideal Bose System: Thermodynamic Behavior of an ideal Bose gas, Thermodynamics of Black
body relation, The field of sound waves Inertial density of the sound field. Elementary
excilations in liquid helium.
Ideal Fermi gas: Thermodynamic behaviour of ideal Fermi gas, Magnetic behaviour of an
ideal Fermi gas, Pawli para magnetic, Lantam diamagnetism, The electron gas in metal,
Thermodynamic emission, photoelectric emission. Statistical equilibrium of white dwarf srars.
Statistical Model of the atom.

Statistical Method of interactions system: Pair Correlation function, Pressure and

compressibility equations, Thermodynamics interms of point corretion function, Relation
between the theory and experiment, cluster expansion of classical gas, Virial expansion of the
equation of state, Evaluation of virial Cocfficients, cluster expansion for quantum mechanical
system, Binary collision method of Lee and lang. Application of the binary collision method.

Fluctuation : Thermodynamic fluctuations, spatial correlation in fluid, Einstein- Smoluchowski

theory of the Brownian motion, Langevin theory of the Brownian motion, approach to
equilibrium. The Fokker-planck equation, spectral analysis of fluctuation, fluctuation spectral
analysis of fluctuation, Fluctuation dissipation theorem, The Onsager relations.

Theory of phase Transition: General remarks on the problem of con..tion, Mayer’s theory of
condensation, The theory of Yang Lee, the dynamical model for phase transitions, Lattice gas
and Binary alloy. Ising model in the zeroth and first approximation, Study of two and three
dimensinal lattices. The eritical in dices. The la
 Condensed Matter Physics-II
TP-405
4 Credit
Free electron Theory: The Drudge theory of metals, Basic assumption, Collisons or Relaxation times, dc
Electrical resistivity, Hall effect and Megnetoresistance, AC electrical Conductivity, Dielectric function
and plasma resonance, Thermal conductivity, Thermoelectric effect. Weidman and Franz law.

Summerfield Model: Ground State properties of electron gas, Density of k-states, Fermi radius, Fermi
energy, Fermi energy at finite temperature, Fermi temperature, Bulk Modulus, Thermal properties of
electron gas, Conduction in metals. Failure of the free electron theory.

Electron dynamics: Periodic potential, Bloch’s theorem and its proof, general remarks about Bloch’s
theorem. Kronige-Penney model, Schrödinger equation in reciprocal lattice. Nearly free electron theory.
Calculation of density of states, solution of S.E on and near the zone boundary. Brillion-zones.

Tight binding Method: Linear combination of atomic Orbital’s (LCAU) Application of bands from s-
levels, dispersion relation. Other methods: OPW method and Pseudo potential theory: Cellulaw method,
APW method, KKR method.

Semiclassical Model of Electron dynamics: Wave packets and Bloch electrons, General feature of semi
classical model. The general Theory of Holes, Uniform static magnetic field, hall effect and Magneto
resistance, Conductivity dc and ac, Conductivity in magnetic field.

Measuring the Fermi surface: The de Haas-van alphen Effect, other oscillatory Galvan magnetic
Effect, free electron cyelotron resonance, ultrasonic attenuation Landau level.

Homogeneous Semi Conductors: General properties, Semiconductor band Streator,.. Cyclotron

resonance, Carries statistics in thermal equilibrium, Intrinsic and Extrinsic.. semiconductor, statistics of
impurity level in thermal equilibrium, Impurity band conductor, Transport in Non-degeneratic
Semiconductors.

Inhomogeneous Semiconductors: Fields and carries Density in the equilibrium p-n Junction.
Rectification of a diode, Drift and diffusion Current, carrier densities, current in non equilibrium p-n
junction.

Magnetism: Electrostatic Origin Magnetic interaction, Magnetic propertis of two electron system, Spin
hamilton Direct, Super,Indirect, and Itnevant Exchange Magnetic interection with free electron gas, Local
moments,The Kondo Theory of Resistance Minimum Type of magnetic stracture. Observation of
magnetic structure, Thermodynamic properties at the onset of magnetic ordering, Heisenbers Ferra and
antiferro magnet. Spinwaves, Corretion to Curies law, Analysis of the critical point, Mean field theory,
Effects of dipolar interaction.

Spper Conductivity: Thermodynamic properties, Meissner effect, London equation, BCS theory energy
gap, Persistence’s current, Flux quantities. The Ginsburs lanlona theory, Josephson effect,High T c
superconductor.
Books: Condensed Matter Physics by M. P. Marder

Fluid Mechanics
TP-406
3 Credit
Fundamental concepts: Newton’s law of viscosity, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, Body and
surface forces, Stress and Rate of strain and their relation. Derivation of the Navier-Stokes equation of
motion and its general properties. Some exact solutions of the Navier -Stokes equations:

Steady plane flows: Parallel flow through a straight channel and generalized Couettee flows,plane
Poiseille flow, Flow through a circular pipe-the Hagen-Poiseuille flow, Flow between two Coaxial
cylinders, Flow between concentric circular cylinders.

Unsteady plane flows: Flow between two parallel plates, Flow over a suddenly accelerate flat, Flow
over an oscillating wall.

Small Reynolds number flows: Differential equation of very slow motion, Slow motion over a
sphere, Hydrodynamic theory of lubrication.

Laminar boundary layer theory: General concepts and properties of boundary layer theory,
Prandtl’s boundary layer equation, Separation of a boundary layer, Similarly concepts and similarly
solutions of the boundary layer equations, Flow in a convergent channel, Flow past a wedge,
Boundary layer on a flat plate at zero incidence, Boundary layer flow with pressure gradient,
Karman’s integral equation, Application of Karman’s integral equation (Karman-Pohlhasen method).

Stability theory (onset of turbulence): Principles of the theory of stability of the laminar flows,
Mathematical form of disturbances (Orr- Sommerfeld equation).

Turbulence: Definition of turbulence and its origin, Equation of motion for turbulent flows, Eddy
viscosity concepts, Prandtl’s mixing length hypothesis, Von-Karman’s similarity hypothesis.

Books:

1. [Link], Boundary Layer Theory

2. D.J acheson, Fluid Dynamics
3. [Link] and D.B. Ingham, Convective Heat Transfer
4. S. Kakac and [Link], Convective Heat Transfer
 Introduction to Astrophysics
TP-406
3 Credits

Solar systems and Stars, orbital mechanics, geology of terrestrial planets, planetary atmospheres,
observations, properties and stellar structure, and evolution, mechanics and gravitation; kinetic theory of
gases; properties of radiation and radiative energy transport; quantum mechanics of photons, atoms, and
electrons; and magnetic fields.

Book: An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics (2nd Edition) by Bradley W. Carroll