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Antenna Formulas and Calculations Guide

This document contains formulas and information about antennas, radio wave propagation, transmission lines, and modulation techniques. Key points include formulas for parabolic antenna gain and beamwidth based on diameter and wavelength, free space loss calculation using frequency and distance, and definitions of terms like noise factor, refractive index, image frequency, and modulation frequencies for AM and FM systems.

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61 views2 pages

Antenna Formulas and Calculations Guide

This document contains formulas and information about antennas, radio wave propagation, transmission lines, and modulation techniques. Key points include formulas for parabolic antenna gain and beamwidth based on diameter and wavelength, free space loss calculation using frequency and distance, and definitions of terms like noise factor, refractive index, image frequency, and modulation frequencies for AM and FM systems.

Uploaded by

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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ANTENNA FORMULAS: • Filter

• IF Amplifier
Fade Margin: • Limited
• Discriminator
• AF Amplifier
• Speaker or Headphones
Parabolic Antenna:

πD 2
Gain G=η ( )
λ
Beamwidth
λ
Beamwidth φ=70
D
(Beamwidth Between Nulls =2φ )
Solution:
1. Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP): Directivity (General Antenna):
EIRP=Input Power−Tx Losses+Tx Gains 4π
2. Free Space Loss (FSL): D=
θA θE
FSL=92.4+ 20 log ( f GHz∗Dkm )
RADIANS :θ E ( Elevation Angle ) , θ A ( Azimuthal Angle )
3. Isotropic Receive Level (Unprocessed Received Power)
IRL=EIRP−FSL
Captured Power:
4. Receive Signal Level (Final Received Power)
RSL=IRL−Rx Losses+ Rx Gains−Misc Losses Pt G tx λ2
Pr = ( EIRP ) × G ( Effective Area )
5. Fade Margin (Expectations versus Reality) 4πd 2
4 π rx
FM =RSL−Sensitivity
Antenna Unitless Gains:
LC Equivalent of Short Sections of Transmission Lines: Isotropic G=1
Transmission Half-Wave Dipole G = 1.64
Termination LC Equivalent
Line Length Elementary Doublet G = 1.5
λ
Less than Shorted Pure Inductor
4 Bandwidth of TV: 6MHz
λ
Less than Open Pure Capacitor Power Density:
4
P¿∗G
λ S=
4
Shorted Parallel Resonant 4 π R2
λ RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION:
Open Series Resonant
4
λ Noise Factor:
Greater than Shorted Pure Capacitor
4 Si
λ
Greater than Open Pure Inductor Noise Factor = ¿
4 So
No
6 Element Yagi Antenna:
Gainunitless∗¿ stacks Refractive Indices:

AM Transmitter Center Frequency:


1
f c =f r=
2 π √ LC
f upper =f r + f m f lower=f r + f m =¿

FM Receiver System:
*ARMFILDAS
• Antenna
• RF Amplifier
• Mixer
Image Frequency:

*Amplitude Modulation (AM) – 535KHz -1605KHz


*FM Frequency (FM) – 88MHz to 108MHz
f image =f ¿ +2 IF
Optimum Working Frequency:
OWF=0.85 MU F
Modulation Frequencies:

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