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SLL Control in Array Antenna Design

This document contains instructions for three exercises on array antenna design: 1. Design a three-element linear array with specified excitation coefficients and calculate its array factor, null directions, and maximum radiation directions. 2. Design a four-element end-fire linear array to avoid grating lobes with a null in the backward direction, and estimate its directivity. Provide guidelines for the element pattern. Design a microstrip beamforming network for the specified frequency and impedance. 3. Design a broadside linear array using raised-cosine tapering to meet specifications for beamwidth and side lobe level, adjusting the number of elements, tapering, and spacing.

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370 views1 page

SLL Control in Array Antenna Design

This document contains instructions for three exercises on array antenna design: 1. Design a three-element linear array with specified excitation coefficients and calculate its array factor, null directions, and maximum radiation directions. 2. Design a four-element end-fire linear array to avoid grating lobes with a null in the backward direction, and estimate its directivity. Provide guidelines for the element pattern. Design a microstrip beamforming network for the specified frequency and impedance. 3. Design a broadside linear array using raised-cosine tapering to meet specifications for beamwidth and side lobe level, adjusting the number of elements, tapering, and spacing.

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waytela
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Javier Leonardo Araque Quijano

Tx Lines & Antennas (2016503) jlaraqueq@[Link]


Edificio 453 - Oficina 204
Exercises on Array Antennas Ext.: 14083

1. [1, Exc 6.1] Three isotropic sources with spacing d = (FNBW) and Side Lobe Level (SLL). The specifications
λ0/4 between them are placed along the z−axis. The are: F N BW ≤ 25 and SLL ≤ −20dB. The suggested
excitation coefficient of the border elements is 1, while procedure is:
that of the center element is 2. Find:
(a) Initially, design a broadside Uniform Linear Ar-
(a) Array factor ray (ULA) that satisfies the FNBW specification,
(b) null direction(s) (in degrees) this will give a lower bound on the number of ele-
(c) Direction(s) of maximum radiation ments (why?) and the starting guess for N.

2. This exercise deals with the complete design of an end- (b) With N and d fixed, adjust the tapering till the
fire array with given antenna element. SLL specification is satisfied, this will normally be
achieved at the expense of a wider main beam.
(a) Design an end-fire uniform linear array of 4 ele-
(c) With N and tapering fixed, adjust inter-element
ments avoiding grating lobes and with a null in
spacing till the FNBW spec is satisfied. Note that
the b ackwards direction (determine d/λ0 and δ).
this will not harm the SLL spec already achieved
Estimate the directivity of the resulting array as-
(why?). Verify that for these settings no Grating
suming isotropic antenna elements.
Lobes (GLs) occur. If they do, increase N and go
(b) Provide guidelines for the element factor in order back to step 2 above, otherwise the design is con-
to achieve correct array operation. cluded.
(c) Consider the array desigined at a frequency f =
1800M Hz and Zin = 200Ω for each antenna el-
ement. Design a microstrip Beam Forming Net- References
work (BFN) with an FR4 substrate (ϵr ≈ 4.3)
having h = 1.6mm. In order to avoid spurious [1] C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design,
radiation, the traces must obey W ≤ 0.05λ0 , while 3rd ed. Wiley-Interscience, April 2005.
in order to avoid high losses and variations due to
manufacture tolerance W ≥ 0.5mm. [2] R. S. Elliot, Antenna Theory and Design. IEEE press,
2003.
3. This exercise deals with the design of a broadside non-
uniform linear array using raised-cosine tapering in or- [3] J. D. Kraus, Antennas. McGraw-Hill Education, May
der to simultaneously control First Null Beam Width 1988.

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