C.M.
Patel College Of
Nursing,
Gandhinagar.
Subject : Nursing Research
Topic : prevention of Road traffic accidents
Submitted To: Submitted By:
Riddhi Mehta
S.Y. [Link]. Nursing,
C.M. Patel College Of Nursing,
Gandhinagar.
Submitted On: - -2019
Introduction
Student name : Ms. Riddhi
Subject : Research
Course : S.Y. [Link].
Date : 11/10/2019
Time :
Duration : 15 min
Venue :
Topic : Prevention of road traffic accidents
Teaching-learning method : Micro-teaching
A.V. Aids : PPT, Poster, Black board, Pamphlets
General Objective :
At the end of this classroom presentation, Student will be getting knowledge
about prevention of road traffic accidents
Specific objectives :
After completion of this classroom presentation, Student will be able to
acquire knowledge about the…
Basic introduction about road traffic accidents,
Etiology of road traffic accidents
Common types of road traffic accidents
Prevention of road traffic accidents
Preventive strategies of road traffic accidents
New rules of traffic for Gujarat
Time Specific Content Teaching A.V. Aids Evaluation
Objective learning
activity
Basic introduction INTRODUCTION:
3 min. Road traffic A road traffic accident (RTA) is any injury due to Explanation PPT What is road
accidents. crashes originating from, terminating with or traffic
involving a vehicle partially or fully on a public accidents?
road.
It is projected that road traffic injuries will move
up to the third position by the year 2020 among
leading causes of the global disease burden.
Millions of people each year will spend long weeks
in hospital after severe crashes and many will never
be able to live, work or play as they used to do.
Current efforts to address road safety are minimal
in comparison to this growing human suffering.
Etiology Explanation PPT What are the
5 min 4 Key Causation factors: Etiology of
Human Factors : use of mobile phones while
road traffic
driving, gossip while driving, driving with free hands,
speed increase than normal etc accidents?
Vehicle Factor : engine problems, vehicle parts
problems, improper services of vehicles
Road/Highway Factor: improper road layout,
excessive speed breakers in a particular place etc
Environment Factor : fog, excessive raining, air
pollution etc.
2 min Common types of MOST COMMON TYPES OF ROAD Discussion PPT Enumerate
road traffic TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: most
accidents common type
Vehicle Rollover:A rollover is a type of
vehicle crash in which a vehicle tips over onto of road
its side or roof. Rollovers have a higher fatality accidents
rate than other types of vehicle collisions.
accidents?
These particular types of crashes are
complex and violent in nature.
Single Car Accident: A single-vehicle
collision or single-vehicle accident is a type of
road traffic collision in which only the one
vehicle is involved
This is a type of road traffic accident in
which only one vehicle is involved. ...
Rear-end Collision: rear-end collision (often
called simply rear-end or in the UK a shunt)
occurs when a vehicle crashes into the one in
front of it.
Side-impact Collision: Side collisions are
vehicle crashes where the side of one or more
vehicles is impacted
Head-on Collision:A collision where the front
ends of two vehicles (such as ships, trains, cars,
planes, etc.) hit each other, as opposed to a side-
collision or rear-end collision.
2min Prevention of road •Prevention is understood as being careful, Explanation PPT What are the
traffic accidents •Prevention is one of the spectrum of Injury Control. prevention of
Injury Control has 3 aspects that make it up:
road traffic
Surveillance, Prevention, Treatment (Pre‐& In‐
hospital). accidents?
•Importance of Prevention:
Clearly identifies risk factors.
Reduces the incidences of accident occurrences.
Develops scientifically sound preventive efforts.
Promotes what can be proven to work.
10 Prevention Prevention Strategies:
min strategies of road 1 Decade of Action for Road Safety (2010‐2020). Explanation PPT What are the
2. Haddon Matrix. Prevention
traffic accidents
3. Public Health Approach. strategies of
4. Injury Prevention Principles (5E’s).
road traffic
1. DECADE OF ACTION FOR ROAD SAFETY accidents?
(2010‐2020).
Five Pillars for a Safe Systems Approach
Build Capacity Managmt
Safer User behaviour
Build Safer Roads
Build Safer Vehicles
Improve Post
crash care
2. HADDON MATRIX.
The Haddon Matrix is the most commonly used
paradigm in the injury prevention field.
Developed by William Haddon in 1970, the matrix
looks at factors related to personal attributes, vector or
agent attributes and environmental attributes; before,
during and after an injury or death. By utilizing this
framework, one can then think about evaluating the
relative importance of different factors and design
interventions
Preventing injuries
(These ten items are often called "Haddon's
Strategies.") Possible ways of preventing injury during
the various phases include:
Pre-event
1. Prevent the existence of the agent.
2. Prevent the release of the agent.
3. Separate the agent from the host.
4. Provide protection for the host.
Event
1. Minimize the amount of agent present.
2. Control the pattern of release of the agent to
minimize damage.
3. Control the interaction between the agent and
host to minimize damage.
4. Increase the resilience of the host.
Post-event
1. Provide a rapid treatment response for host.
2. Provide treatment and rehabilitation for the
host.
3. PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH.
The principles of public health provide a useful
framework for both continuing to investigate and
understand the causes and consequences of violence
and for preventing violence from occurring through
primary prevention programmes, policy interventions
and advocacy. The activities of VPA are guided by the
scientifically-tested and proven principles and
recommendations described in the World report on
violence and health. This public health approach to
violence prevention seeks to improve the health and
safety of all individuals by addressing underlying risk
factors that increase the likelihood that an individual
will become a victim or a perpetrator of violence.
The approach consists of four steps:
To define the problem through the systematic
collection of information about the magnitude,
scope, characteristics and consequences of
violence.
To establish why violence occurs using research
to determine the causes and correlates of
violence, the factors that increase or decrease
the risk for violence, and the factors that could
be modified through interventions.
To find out what works to prevent violence by
designing, implementing and evaluating
interventions.
To implement effective and promising
interventions in a wide range of settings. The
effects of these interventions on risk factors and
the target outcome should be monitored, and
their impact and cost-effectiveness should be
evaluated.
4. INJURY PREVENTION PRINCIPLES (5E’S).
Engineering (making products safer for people).
Eg helmets, car restraints like seatbelts & car
seats.
Environmental modification (reducing risk):
Aim at reducing the likelihood that individuals
will suffer injury by reducing risks in the
environment.
Eg speed bumps, rumble strips, zebra crossings,
walkways, barriers.
Enforcement: legal and police measures–laws
(aimed at ensuring that certain behaviors and
norms are maintained in the population. Eg
laws on helmet use, seatbelt use,mobile phone
use, use speed governors etc.
Education/empowerment: behaviour/attitude
change: Includes programmes aimed at
changing attitudes, beliefs and behaviors in the
general population targeting individuals who
are at higher risk of having an injury or
accident. [Link] campaigns on safe
driving like defensive driving
Evaluation (determine if intervention, policies,
programs work –“Research”): Refers to those
actions aimed at determining which
interventions, programmes and policies work
best for injury/accident prevention. Eg breath
raisers, speedguns, educational Campaigns,
adverts.
10 New rules of traffic The Gujarat government reduced fine amounts
min in Gujarat stipulated in the new Motor Vehicles Act passed PPT What are
recently. Explanation new traffic
rules in
The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Bill 2019 was
passed by Parliament in July and its steep fines
Gujarat?
were to come into effect from September 1, though
some states pushed it back saying people needed
time to get acquainted with the enhanced penalties.
Making the announcement here, Gujarat Chief
Minister Vijay Rupani said the fines laid down in
the new Act were the maximum suggested and his
government had reduced them after detailed
deliberations.
While the new Act stipulated a fine of Rs 1,000 for
riding without a helmet, the Gujarat government on
Tuesday finalized the amount at Rs 500.
Similar is the case with driving a four-wheeler
without wearing a seat-belt.
The penalty for driving without a license has been
brought down from Rs 5,000, as suggested by the
new Act, to Rs 2000 for two-wheelers and Rs
3000 for four-wheelers.
As part of the new changes, if a person is found
driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs he
will have to pay a penalty of Rs 10,000, an amount
that is steeper than the earlier Rs 2000.
A similar amount of Rs 10,000 will be charged for
not giving way to emergency vehicles and drivers
without helmets will need to pay Rs 1000 instead
of Rs 100 which is applicable currently.
INDIA TOPS GLOBAL LIST OF FATALITIES
FROM ROAD CRASHES
More than 1.3 lakh people died on Indian roads,
giving India the dubious honor of topping the list of
road deaths across the world.
Until 2 years ago, the International Road Federation
placed India second behind China.
China has managed to reduce the number of road
deaths from over 100,000 to 90,000 or so, and in
India the situation has worsened.
With just 1% of the world's vehicles, India manages
to account for 10% of its road fatalities, up from 8%
at last count.
In India the situation is exacerbated by poor
enforcement of traffic laws and myopic policies on
the part of our policy makers.
In the United States, which has close to 300 million
people and more than 250 million vehicles, the
number of deaths per 10,000 vehicles is 1.6, while in
India this number, known as the “road fatality rate,”
is as high as 14.
In comparison, China has a road fatality rate of about
5 with almost twice as many vehicles. Besides, in
China, the fatality rate has seen a downward trend,
while in India it is raising.
MOBILE APPLICATIONS FOR
DETECTION/PREVENTION OF ROAD
TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS:
KRUZR:
Price: Basic features – Free; Premium features – Rs
75/month or Rs 800/year
Available on: Android
Recognizing that smart phones are one of the biggest
sources of distraction in the car, Kruzr minimizes
these by handling phone calls through a ‘smart
chatbot’.
The app only forwards the calls that are really
important by first declining the call and initiating a
chat with the caller to inquire if the call is important.
If it is, then the person is asked to call again and the
app forwards it.
Additionally, the app is sensitive to speed and can
detect when the car is being driven, stationary or if
there has been an accident.
If a user is involved in an accident, the app picks up
their current location and its backend connects with
the nearest possible help to ensure that assistance
arrives swiftly.
HUMSAFAR ROAD SAFETY:
Price: Free
Available on: Android
Developed by a bureaucrat in Rajasthan, the
HumSafar Road Safety app aggregates the details of
hospitals, police stations, ambulance services and
other emergency services and sends out precise map
locations.
The idea is that, with a single click, a user will be
able to quickly avail emergency services for
themselves or others.
The app is currently only functional in Rajasthan but
the government has plans to eventually roll out the
service across the country.
E-CHALLAN:
e Challan is an integrated enforcement solution to
manage traffic violations through an Android-based
mobile app and back-end web application, for use
by the Transport Enforcement Wing and Traffic
Police, the minister informed the Lok Sabha
It is already applicable in Uttar Pradesh
M-PARIVAHAN AND DIGI -LOCKER:
mParivahan "is an empowering app for the citizen
which provides access to various services,
information and utilities related to the transport
sector, bring convenience to citizen and
transparency in the system and is already available
for free download from Google playstore", the
minister said.
The two apps allows you to download driving
licence or registration certificate and store it on
your mobile phone
Unless downloaded on DigiLocker and mParivahan
apps, soft copies of your documents will not help you
avoid paying traffic fine
TRAFFIC LIGHT RULES:
Traffic control signals are devices placed along, beside,
or above a roadway to guide, warn, and regulate the
flow of traffic, which includes motor vehicles,
motorcycles, bicycles, pedestrians, and other road
users.
RED— A red signal light
means STOP.
A right turn can be made against a red light ONLY
after you stop and yield to pedestrians and vehicles in
your path. DO NOT turn if there is a sign posted for
NO TURN ON RED.
PENALTY FOR BREAKING RED SIGNAL:
As part of the new changes, if a person is found driving
under the influence of alcohol or drugs he will have to
pay a penalty of Rs 10,000, an amount that is steeper
than the earlier Rs 2000.
YELLOW—A yellow signal light warns you
that the red signal is about to appear.
When you see the yellow light, you should stop, if you
can do so safely. If you can't stop, look out for
vehicles that may enter the intersection when the light
changes.
GREEN—A green light means GO
you must first let any vehicles, bicycles, or pedestrians
remaining in the intersection get through before you
move ahead.
TRAFFIC SIGNAL BLACKOUT:
If all traffic signal lights are not working because of an
electrical power failure, you must stop at the
intersection and then proceed when you know other
turning and approaching vehicles, bicycles, or
pedestrians have stopped. A blacked-out traffic signal
works the same as a four-way stop intersection.
