1 SOBHA LTD

INTERNSHIP REPORT

(08th July 2019 to 07th August 2019)

SARJAPUR- MARATHALLI OUTER RING ROAD,

BELLANDUR POST, BANGALORE – 560103, INDIA.

Project Assigned:

INFOSYS Building (EC-59)

Electronic City, Phase 1, Bangalore-560100, India.

Submitted by:

CHINMAYA V

USN: 4RA16CV027

Rajeev Institute of Technology, Hassan, 573201, India.

Submitted to:

SOBHA LIMITED, Corporate Office, Bangalore, 560103, India.

Internship report submitted by: CHINMAYA V Rajeev Institute of Technology

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am very thankful to SOBHA LTD for giving me the opportunity to undertake my

internship training program at their INFOSYS Building Project. It was a very good learning
experience for me to work on the site as this involved many new, innovative and unique
construction techniques and practices.

I would like to thank Mr. Srihari Reddy for recommending me to the Mr. Giridharnath
(HR) for the internship training program. I would like to thank Mr. Srinivas Shetty (General
Manager, HR) to accept me as intern in their prestigious company.

I am very grateful to Mr. Pushkar (General Manager) and Mr. Senthil (Project Manager)
to undertake me as an intern in their site and for directing me in this project, providing me insight
about the project and what it is all about.

At last I would like to thank all the Site Engineers and Staff members of Sobha limited
for giving me their precious time, valuable guidance and support during the internship period.

CHINMAYA V

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CONTENTS

1. Project Information Details 4-5

1.1 Master Plan
1.2 Building Information
2. Safety and housekeeping 6-8
2.1 Requirements of safety
2.2 Safety instructions
2.3 House keeping
3. Marking 9-11
3.1 Blockwork marking
3.2 Electrical race ways marking
3.3 Partition wall marking
4. Block masonry 12-13
4.1 Procedure for block masonry
5. Plastering works 14-15
5.1 Bull marks / button marks
5.2 Procedure
6. Flooring works 16-18
6.1 Screed concreting
6.2 VDF
7. POP works 19-20
7.1 Procedure
8. Painting 21
9. Waterproofing 22
10. Tiling works 23-24

Reference

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1. Project information details

1.1 Master Plan

Fig. Master plan

A master plan is a land use plan focused on one or more sites within an area that identifies
access, general improvements and needed infrastructure, and intended to guide growth and
development over a number of years and in phases.

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1.2 Building Information

INFOSYS ECITY PHASE 1

TOTAL SITE AREA: 10.04 AC (4,37,342.4 SFT)
BUILT UP AREA [BUILDING – 1] --------- 6,82,685 sft
BUILT UP AREA [BUILDING – 2] --------- 1,40,379 sft
BUILT UP AREA [BASEMENTS] ---------- 6,89,065 sft
BUILT-UP AREA [TOTAL] ----------------- 15,12,129 sft
Total FAR area: 8, 59,217 sft [2.243 / 2.25]
Total employees count: 6,028 Nos
Total contract employees count: 500 Nos.
Total Population Count: 6,528 Nos.
BUILDING – 1[SDB]:
Total Workstations count: 6,028 Nos
Built up area: 6,82,685 sft
No. of Floors: 3B + G + 9 Floors [47.3 MTS]
BUILDING – 2 [BUSBAY+FOODCOURT+AMENITIES+ECC]:
No of seats [FC]: 1736
No of rooms [ECC]: 30
Built up area: 1,40,379 sft
No. Of Floors: 3B + G + 4 FLOORS [ 28.1 mts]
PARKING SUMMARY:
TOTAL No OF CARS REQUIRED --- 1597 Nos
TOTAL No OF CARS PROVIDED --- 1622 Nos
T/W PARKING PROVISION PLANNED --- 1405 Nos [355 ECS]
CAR PARKING BRE AK UP:
No of Cars [BASEMENT 3] --- 625 Nos
No of Cars [BASEMENT 2] --- 535 Nos
No of Cars [BASEMENT 1] --- 462 Nos
Total ---1,622 Nos.

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2. Safety and Housekeeping

Safety:

2.1 Requirements for Safety

➢ Personal protective equipment

▪ Head protection
▪ Hearing protection
▪ Eye and Face protection
▪ Respiratory protection
➢ Lifesaving equipment
▪ Safety belts and lifelines
▪ Safety nets

Fig. Safety gears

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2.2 Safety instructions

➢ Inspect trenches at the start of each shifts and take more precautions after any natural events
like heavy rainfall, hailstorms, etc.
➢ Check for low oxygen, hazardous fumes and toxic gases before entering a trench.
➢ Keep heavy equipment and excavation materials at least two feet away from the trench edge.
➢ Provide ladders, ramps or other safe means of access in all trenches 4 feet or
deeper.
➢ Use strong and well-secured ladders for access. Maintain ladders free of oil, grease and other
slipping agents. Tie the top end of the ladder securely.
➢ Use industrial safety pin & plugs. Use insulated & safely secured electrical conduits for
transmission. There should be no open circuits.
➢ Periodically test the lifting machinery such as cranes and hoists, and lifting gear such as
ropes, wires, belts, chains and shackles.
➢ Inspection and rectification of facilities such as scaffolds and ladders.
➢ Provide adequate artificial lighting wherever natural light is inadequate.
➢ Provide appropriate firefighting equipment at potentially hazardous locations. Check fire-
fighting equipment for expiry date and ensure that all are easy to use.
➢ Remove wooden shavings from carpentry yard every day.
➢ Use face mask, hand gloves & eye protection while handling chemicals.
➢ Take measures to control the menace of mosquito, flies, rodents, snakes, termites, bees etc.
➢ Keep first aid kit and snake bite kit in the site for emergencies and train as many people as
possible to use them.
➢ Avoid lady workers working in potentially dangerous locations like sloping roofs.

2.3 House keeping

➢ Provide dustbin in common areas.

➢ Clean debris accumulated regularly. Keep the site clean at all times.
➢ Provide dust bins of capacity 150 liters per 5000sft of built up area.

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➢ Collect debris at a common point (debris yard) that is easily accessible to a tractor cum
trailer. Shift the debris on a daily basis.
➢ Stack materials required at site neatly, and away from heavy traffic areas.
➢ Dedicate a team for housekeeping and supervise their works on a daily basis. After structure
is completed, allocate one person per 20,000 Sft of floor area for housekeeping.
➢ During the construction of structure allocate one person per 30,000 Sft of floor area for the
same purpose.
➢ Preliminary cleaning is to be done by the concerned contractor/ tradesman. The
housekeeping squad should do the general cleaning and carting of debris.
➢ Stack granite slabs properly on level ground using MS stands to maintain balance on both
sides.
➢ Provide temporary doors with locks at entrances of apartments to reduce the area of liability
for cleaning.
➢ In apartments, the sand shifted for masonry / Plastering or filling should be stacked in a
remote corner of the room with blocks circumventing the edges. The spreading of sand due to
human movement is avoided.
➢ Smoking, chewing tobacco is strictly prohibited at site.
➢ Impose heavy penalty as a deterrent if the person is found littering, doing nuisance at site or
not observing safety regulations.

Fig. Equipment used in housekeeping

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3. Marking

Marking – Construction Staking, also known as a Site Layout Survey, is the process of
interpreting construction plans and marking the location of proposed new structures such as
roads or buildings. Construction staking is performed to ensure a project is built according to
engineering design plans.

3.1 Blockwork marking

• The [Link] method is one of the alternatives for setting-out and checking right-angles. The
[Link] method is based on Pythagoras’ Theorem, which states that for every right-angled
triangle the square of the hypotenuse (longest side) is equal to the sum of the squares of
the other two sides.

• In other words, A + B = C. A right-angled triangle with short sides of 3 units and 4 units
will always have a longest side (hypotenuse) of 5 units.

• This simple ratio of [Link] can be applied for the setting-out of any right-angle – all that is
required is that the measurements used are in a ratio of [Link], for example, a triangle with
sides 600mm by 800mm by 1000mm, or (3 x 200mm) by (4 x 200mm) by (5 x 200mm).

• This method is used to determine a 90-degree angle when setting out your blockwork.
Basically, if you mark out a triangle that has sides measuring 3 feet, 4 feet and 5 feet (or
meters) you will end up with a right-angle triangle.
• This is a very simple solution that can be handled by just one handyman, a tape measure
and some pegs. Note that the measurements can be multiples of 3, 4, and 5. You can use
6, 8 and 10 or 9, 12 and 15.
• Obtaining the right angles in all the four corners is necessary as it may reduce the
quantity of plastering and POP works. If the 90-degree angle is not achieved it will reflect
in time of tileworks, as the cutting of tile would be in slant and it will be unaesthetic.

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Fig. Marking of blockwork and laying of base layer

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3.2 Electrical raceway marking

3.3 Partition wall marking

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4. Block masonry

4.1 Procedure for block masonry –

• Surface preparation-at the place where the block work comes the surface should be free
from loose concrete, oil, debris.
• All the places where the block work will come in contact with the concrete structure the
hacking should be done.
• The hacking should be done prior to the starting of block work.
• Approximately 80 indents should be there per sqft.
• After hacking is done, the hacked surface should be thoroughly cleaned and the hacked
surface should be laid with the cement mortar slurry.
• Marking of the base course should be done carefully with the help of drawing store
required measurements.
• All the sides of block coming contact to mortar must be sprinkled with water before
placing, so that it prevents the block from absorbing water from mortar.
• The blocks will be laid along the length of the nylon thread without touching the thread,
if it comes contact with thread it alters the alignment of the course.
• After laying of the block using sprit level and plumb check whether the laid course is in
level.
• Once the block is laid the vertical joints are filled and packed with mortar not exceeding
10mmwidth.
• Not more than 5 courses i.e. 1m of block work should be raised, if it is done more than
1m the joint get squished due to heavy weight of block and the wall loses is plumb.
• The mortar joints of the masonry wall should be cured for 7 days.
• After every six courses of blocks the Band Concrete is introduced. 100mm thick band
concrete is provided to reduce the load acting on the wall. The concrete mix used is
1:1.5:3.
• Lintel is provided at the openings, which is cast at the site, 4 no’s of 12mm bars are used
in lintel.

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Fig. Base Course Fig. Band concrete

Fig. Lintel provided at door

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5. Plastering works

5.1 Bull marking / Button marking

• Before fixing Bull mark or button mark, the wall is checked for plumb.
• If any undulations in the plumb it is rectified and the thickness of plaster is selected for
achieving plumb and right angle.
• Cement paste is fixed on the desired location on the wall using line dori. Then it is made
to the required thickness.
• Same mark is transferred above using the plumb bob or aluminum straight float.

Fig. Button marking / Bull marking

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5.2 Procedure

• Plastering is providing a coat of mortar on concrete or masonry surface for aesthetic

purpose and also acts as a protective coating.
• Before plastering Button marking or Bull marking has to be fixed.
• Before plastering electrical and plumbing clearance has to be taken.
• The surface to be plastered should be made wet and rich cement slurry is applied to walls;
provide good adhesion of mortar with wall.
• The mortar ratio used for plastering is 1:6 for both internal and external plastering.
• After applying the mortar, the finishing is done by wooden or aluminum floats.
• The thickness of the plastering should be of 10-12mm for internal plastering and 18 -
20mm plastering for external walls.
• After plastering the level of the plastered surface to be checked by sprit level and at the
corners the right angle to be checked.
• The plastered surface should be cured for minimum of 7 days.
• To ensure the curing of plaster date of plastering should be written on it.

Fig. Plastering work

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6. Flooring works

6.1 Screed concreting

• Screed is a final finishing layer of concrete laid prior to application of a decorative
coating or a protective coating to a floor.
• It is generally used in Substations and control Building, power plant flooring, battery
room and various other locations where an additional protection layer such a anti-skid,
chemical resistance, or some other coating is applied to the flooring.
• The main purpose of screed concrete is to provide a smooth finished surface on which
further coating can be applied.
• The thickness of screed concrete may vary from 50 to 100mm depending on the design
requirements. 80mms is most commonly used screed thickness.
• Generally, the mixture will be of 20 to 25N/mm2 grade of concrete produced using
10mm aggregate, cement, sand and admixture if necessary.
• It also acts as a protective layer over the base slab, if there arises a situation where the
flooring type has to be changed the screed can be removed by light hammering without
damaging the mother slab and re-laid as per new specifications.

Fig. Pumping of screed concrete to the floor

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Fig. Spreading of screed on mother slab

Fig, Leveling the surface after spreading

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6.2 VDF (Vacuum Dewatering Flooring)

In Vacuum dewatering flooring the reinforced mat is used to carry heavy load. Usually M20
grade of concrete is used for concreting. The floor finishing is done by using blade and plate
floaters.
• Sub-grade should be laid according to specifications, levels as recommended by the
consultant.
• Ensure that proper consolidation of the sub-grade has been achieved before proceeding
for the PCC bed.
• Provide and lay PCC bed above the sub-grade as per thickness mentioned in the drawing.
• Provide reinforcement mesh as per specification and the drawings.
• Clean the entire PCC bed with water before concreting.
• Concreting should be carried out with concrete of right grade and slump.
• The dewatering mat should be properly laid to prevent air leakage. Care should be taken
in ensuring that excess water does not enter the dewatered area.
• After initial set of concrete (2-3 hours), the top surface of concrete is finished using a
power trowel. Care should be taken that no impact load is transferred to the finished
surface.
• Heavy vibrations should be avoided in vicinity of the VDF area.

Fig. Vacuum Dewatering Flooring

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[Link] works
Plaster of Paris (POP) works should be finished to a true and plumb surface. The plaster should
be finished to a proper degree of smoothness. POP is very easy to spread and level, it is high fire-
resistant material.
In case of single coat of plaster:
• The common thickness is 12mm and 15mm
In case of double coats of plaster:
• The thickness of two coats of plaster should not exceed 20mm.
In case of concrete surface:
• The thickness of POP should not exceed 15mm.
• The thickness of base coat varies from 10mm to 12mm.
• The thickness of finishing coat varies from 3mm to 8mm.
7.1 Procedure:
• Plaster of Paris or gypsum plaster usually comes in ready mix bags. Extract the powder in
dry vessel and mix it with water. The mixture has to be stirred for 2-3 minutes.
• Check the thickness of plaster that needs to be applied on the wall. It should not be more
than 15mm.
• Apply the plaster to the wall with firm pressure.
• As the plaster stiffens, carry out further flattening. When the plaster is sufficiently firm,
scour the surface with sponge and water as required.
• Trowel the surface progressively to get smooth matt finish.
• Finish surface should be protected from continuous exposure to the moisture.
• Prolonged or repeated exposure to moisture may cause loss of strength or adhesion.
• Painting works may only be started after the surface completely dries.

Fig: Bull marking for Pop works.

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Fig: Bull marking and first coat of Plaster

Fig: Second coat of Plaster

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[Link]
Painting is the final finish given to the structure. Its main purpose is aesthetic looks. It also acts a
protective coat. After plastering, painting is done only after completion of 7 days. Initially a layer
of primer is applied. Later two coats of putty are applied to get a fine finish. This eliminates
small undulations on the surface and gives fine finishes at the edges. Finally, after completion of
all the other works, two layers of paint of desired color is applied.

• First coat paint to be applied with brush and finished with roller preferably with single
mix and dilution ratios not to exceed the below said criteria. i.e., 2 parts of paint to 1 part
of water.
• Ensure a drying period of 4 to 6 hours before application of the final coat of paint.
• All external walls and semi-exposed areas such as balconies and utility walls, to be given
a textured finish.

Fig: Painting process.

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[Link]

Methodology
• Clean work area: Before starting the work check the floors and walls are clean. To achieve
optimal bonding all surfaces should be clean and free of adhesion-reducing substances like
oil, dust etc.
• Generally, there are two methods:
▪ Sheet membrane
▪ Liquid membrane
• Primer is applied with help of roller brush up to required height of wall and then on the floor.
• When primer goes dry, we will use the tape to ensure that waterproofing is done up to this
height only. Sometimes waterproofing is required to complete height of the wall or
sometimes may be 1-foot height only as per requirement. Tape is put to all the corners
vertically as well as horizontally very carefully ensuring no gap.
• Start applying the membrane with the paint brush starting from corners make sure we pay
extra attention to make 100% coverage as this is the most crucial area for leakages.
• Similarly, where other joints are coming at shower fixture, any taps or other sanitary items or
sinks in the floor.
• Then take the painting rollers and apply to all the walls and floors. After the first coat dries,
put the second coat similarly as above and make sure no area is left.
• Now after drying the floor is filled with the water and made stagnant over for sometime and
check weather the floor is leaking or not. Then the floor is ready for tiling works.

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[Link] works

Wall Tiling:
• All the casing works of pipes, electrical conduits etc. shall be done before commencement
of the tiling work.
• Make sure the plumb and right angles at all the corners, and the plaster is finished rough to
support the adhesion between them.
• Cutting of tiles should be minimum. The main body of whole tiles known as ‘field’ is first
fixed and the adhesive is allowed to dry. Then the border or edge tiles are fitted.
• Tiles shall be soaked in water for at least two hours prior to use. Neat cement paste shall
be battered on the back of the tile and tapped gently with a rubber mallet.
• Wall tiles shall be fixed with joint of 2.5mm between tiles. Spacers shall be used for
achieving uniform joint width in all directions.

Tile flooring:
• The concrete floor receiving the tile should be cleaned thoroughly. Cement mortar screed
shall be spread evenly, the recommended thickness of the mortar is from 20-25mm.
• Before starting the project, start with a dry run, laying out the tiles and the spacers. This
determines where to start the process and helps determine the width of grout lines.
• Cement slurry of honey like consistency shall be prepared and spread on the mortar that
can be covered within half hour.
• Tiles can be laid on a bed of adhesive using plastic spacers, to create an even gap between
the tiles. Lay around one sq. meter of adhesive at a time and press the tiles into place, with
the rubber mallet.
• Proper slopes should be given in bathrooms, toilets and balconies to ensure drainage of
water on the surface.
• Floor tiles shall be laid with minimum joint width, which shall be grouted with a
proprietary non shrink, waterproof filler material.
• After the tiles have been laid, clean the joints thoroughly with a brush to remove loose
mortar before it dries up.

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• For the tiles to set properly it is essential to allow a 24-hour setting period before filling.
And do not allow anyone to step on the tiles on the freshly tiled surface.

Fig : Tiling work

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RFERENCES

1. Sobha technology manual

2. Practical building constructions and its management- Sandeep Mantri

3. Civil Engineering by RS Kurmi and JK Gupta- S Chand

CONCLUSION
During this one-month internship program I as an under graduate student was able to learn many
new technologies and discover many new and advanced materials. I assure that, this experience
will pave a way for my career and wellbeing. I am thankful to all the engineers, supervisors and
labors who has helped me to gain valuable information.

Internship report submitted by: CHINMAYA V Rajeev Institute of Technology