AN ELECTRICAL DESIGN OF AL-KHAIR TOWER

OFFICES BUILDING IN JEDDAH, KSA

(REVISED)

A TECHNICAL REPORT

PRESENTED TO

THE PROFESIONAL REGULATORY

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF

THE REQUIREMENTS

IN THE LICENSURE EXAMINATIONS FOR

PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

SUBMITTED BY:

i|Page
Juan Delacruz

REE-

APRIL 2018

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PREFACE

This engineering report presents the Electrical Design of Al-khair

Tower Office Building, Jeddah KSA. The technical report shows the
assessment of the electrical design which aimed to be used as basis

iii | P a g e
for project implementation towards the ongoing constructions of the
project.

The objective is to determine of the electrical power distribution

design of the building compliant with building requirements
specifications and with SCECO requirements and with client
considerations, compliant to the electrical standard requirem7ents,
to ensure the system operability and reliability and to ensure the
electrical equipment such as the power cables, the power
transformer, the low voltage switchgear and any related electrical
equipment inside the building are adequate in the electrical design
and for constructions.

The electrical calculations are mainly compliant to the Saudi

Consolidated electric company, the national electrical code (NFPA70
NEC 2014), IEEE-141-1993 Red Book. Other than above mention
details, it is intension to reader a reliable designed and references
that provide a good depth subject matter.

My sincere acknowledgment is extended to the following engineers

for their support in the act of result of this technical engineering
report, Engr. Christopher Estayo, Engr. Nelson Martinez, Engr.
Orlando Sales, Engr. Teofilo S. Carrera Jr., Engr. Belmor G. Pujeda,
Engr. Junjie G. Pito, Engr. Jessie G. Laya, Engr. Lopelino Panatacan

And my deepest gratitude to my parents who always provide me

the supports that I needed during my education, and for fulfilling
my goal to be an Electrical engineer.

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And now, to my family who are always there keeping me inspired,
and all my children who unexpectedly are all doing good on their
own studies are keeping me more inspired in doing this technical
engineering report.

The Author of this report has been practicing his profession as an

Electrical Engineer for the fast 12 years and is now working under
Mohamed Harasani Architect’s Engineering Consulting as an
Electrical Engineer Consultant in the Project. He is an active
member of Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers, Central
Region Chapter Saudi Arabia (IIEE-CRCSA)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE............................................................................... iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................ vi

LIST OF TABLES ................................................................... xi

LIST OF FIGURE ................................................................. xiv

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATION.......................................... xvii

SUMMARY ........................................................................... xxi

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ...............................................2

1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................... 2

1.2 Project Objective ............................................................. 5
1.3 Scope and Limitation ........................................................ 5
CHAPTER 2 – DESIGN CRITERIA ............................................8

2.1 Applicable Codes, Standard and Regulations ........................ 9

2.2 Voltage rating and system frequency ................................ 10
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 2.3 Equipment voltage and frequency tolerances ..................... 11
2.4 Target voltage drop ........................................................ 11
CHAPTER 3 – ELECTRICAL CALCULATIONS .......................... 14

3.1 LOAD CALCULATION....................................................... 14

3.1.1 Distribution Board (DB-Lighting and Power loads) ......... 14

A. (PP-T) Typical Offices (550M² South & North Wings) .............. 16

B. PP-C1, Mezzanine Floor ....... Error! Bookmark not defined.

C. PP-P2, Ground Floor ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.

D. PP-P3, Ground Floor ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.

E. PP-C TO G (Typical) ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.

F. LP-EX, Ground Floor ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.

G. PP-A, Ground Floor ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.

H. PP-H, Attic Floor ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

I. PP-B, Mezzanine Floor .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

J. PP-P1, Ground Floor............. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2 OVER-CURRENT PROTECTION AND CONDUCTOR SIZE

DETERMINATION ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2.A Tabulated Continuous Loads of the Building ........ Error!
Bookmark not defined.
3.2.B Tabulated Non-Continuous Loads of the Building . Error!
Bookmark not defined.
3.2.1 Distribution Board (DB-Lighting and Power loads) ... Error!
Bookmark not defined.

3.2.2 Elevators Electrical Data .. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.3 Pumps Electrical Data ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.

[Link] Fire pump data: ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.

[Link] M.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD) .... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
[Link] N. Jokey pump ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

vii | P a g e
 [Link] N.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD) ..... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
3.2.4 SUMMARY OF VOLTAGE DROP AND CABLE SCHEDULE
............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.5 Methods of Grounding System Application and

Procedure0s ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

[Link] Grounding Calculation Procedures ... Error! Bookmark

not defined.
3.3 TRANSFORMER SIZE CALCULATION & OCPD Error! Bookmark
not defined.
3.3.1 Transformer-1, Meter Center-2 ......Error! Bookmark not
defined.

3.3.2 Transformer-2................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4 STANDBY GENERATOR SIZE CALCULATION & OCPD ..... Error!

Bookmark not defined.
3.4.1 Decrement Calculation for Generator .... Error! Bookmark
not defined.

3.4.2 Generator Decrement Curve extracted from AKSA

Catalogue .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.3 Alternator Thermal Damage Curve with MCCB Trip Curve

............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4.4 Alternator Damage Curve Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.5 SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS SYMMETRICAL AND

ASYMMETRICAL ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.5.1 Symmetrical 3-Phase short circuit current determination
............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.5.2 Preparation of single Line Diagram with fault Location

............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.5.3 Impedance Calculation (pu) ...........Error! Bookmark not

defined.

viii | P a g e
 [Link] Electrical Single Line Riser Diagram of Al Khair Tower
......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
[Link] Electrical Single Line Diagram with Fault Locations
......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
[Link] System Impedance Diagram ....Error! Bookmark not
defined.
3.5.4 Symmetrical 3-Phase short circuit current calculation
............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.5.5 Asymmetrical short circuit current determination .... Error!

Bookmark not defined.

a.1 Single Line to Ground Fault (SGL-Fault) Impedance

Diagram. ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
a.2 Line to line Fault (L-L Fault) Impedance Diagram ... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
a.3 Double line to Ground Fault (DLG Fault) Impedance
Diagram ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
[Link] Summary of Low Voltage Short Circuit Current .... Error!
Bookmark not defined.

3.5.6 Sequence Impedance Diagram: ......Error! Bookmark not

defined.

[Link] POSITIVE SEQUENCE IMPEDANCE... Error! Bookmark

not defined.
[Link] Negative Sequence Impedance .Error! Bookmark not
defined.
[Link] Zero Sequence Impedance .......Error! Bookmark not
defined.
[Link] Zero Sequence Impedance When Generator is use
......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.5.7 Primary Short Circuit Current Determination ............. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
[Link] Symmetrical 3-Phase Short Circuit Calculation .... Error!
Bookmark not defined.

[Link] Asymmetrical Short Circuit Calculation ............... Error!

Bookmark not defined.
ix | P a g e
 [Link] Summary of Primary Short Circuit Current .......... Error!
Bookmark not defined.

[Link] Open Circuit Fault Calculation ......Error! Bookmark not

defined.

[Link].1 One-Line-Open Fault ............Error! Bookmark not

defined.
[Link].2 Two-Lines-Open Fault ...........Error! Bookmark not
defined.
[Link] CT and Knee Point Voltage Calculation for Saturation
Level Capability (Extracted from Supplier) ..... Error! Bookmark
not defined.

[Link].1 Summary of Result for CT and Knee Point

Calculations ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6 PROTECTION AND COORDINATION DETERMINATION ... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
3.6.1 Circuit Breaker Time Current Characteristic ........... Error!
Bookmark not defined.

3.6.2 Cable Damage Curve ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.6.3 Time Current Curve Protection Coordination Graph-1

............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.6.4 Time Current Curve Protection Coordination Graph-2

............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.6.5 Motor Damage Curve Diagram .......Error! Bookmark not

defined.

3.6.6 Transformer Equipment Damage Curve . Error! Bookmark

not defined.

3.6.7 Protection Device Coordination Calculation ............ Error!

Bookmark not defined.

3.6.8 EMDB Calculation of Setting Values for Sub-Feeder . Error!

Bookmark not defined.

x|Page
 3.6.9 MDB-1 Calculation of Setting Values for Sub-Feeder Error!
Bookmark not defined.

3.6.10 Transformer Secondary Side Calculation of Setting Error!

Bookmark not defined.

3.6.11 Transformer Main Primary Breaker Error! Bookmark not

defined.

3.6.12 Transformer Damage Curve Calculation ............... Error!

Bookmark not defined.

[Link] Transformer Inrush Current....Error! Bookmark not

defined.
[Link] Transformer Damage Curve Infrequent Fault .. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
[Link] Transformer Damage Curve Frequent Fault .... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
3.6.13 Verification of cables size against the short circuit current
(XLPE Insulated Cable) ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.7 ARC FLASH DETERMINATION. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.7.1 Introduction ................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.7.2 Arc Flash Current ........... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.7.3 Incident Energy Level Determination..... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

3.7.4 Arc Flash Boundary Protection ........Error! Bookmark not

defined.

[Link] Summary of Arc Flash Incident Energy per Fault

Location ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.7.5 Warning label................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 4 – ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

SPECIFICATIONS ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1 Distribution Transformer ....... Error! Bookmark not defined.

xi | P a g e
 4.1.1 Switchgear Distribution Board ........Error! Bookmark not
defined.

4.1.2 Bus Bars: ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.3 Main Protective Devices: . Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.4 Panelboards: ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.5 Panelboard Busses: ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.6 Circuit Breakers: ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.7 Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS): ...Error! Bookmark not

defined.

4.1.8 Power Wires and Cables: . Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.9 Power Wires and Cables 600V and Less: Error! Bookmark
not defined.

4.1.10 Direct Burial Ground Girdle System: ... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

4.1.11 Underground Duct with Concrete Encasement: ..... Error!

Bookmark not defined.

4.1.12 Cable Trays: ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.13 Ladder-Type Cable Trays: ............Error! Bookmark not

defined.

4.1.14 Generator – Standby: ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.15 Motors: ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.16 Motor Sizes: ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.17 Motor Controllers:......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.18 General Requirements:.. Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.19 Wiring Methods: ........... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.2 Bill of Quantity .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

xii | P a g e
CHAPTER 5 – CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ..... Error!
Bookmark not defined.

5.1 Conclusion .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2 Recommendation ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.3 Book References .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER 6 – AFFIDAVITS .............. Error! Bookmark not defined.

6.1 Affidavit of Sole Authorship ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

6.2 Affidavit of PEE-1 ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.3 Affidavit of PEE-2 ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.4 Affidavit of PEE-3 ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER 7 – AUTO-BIORAPHY & CURRICULUM VITEA ... Error!
Bookmark not defined.

7.1 Auto-Biography ................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

7.2 Curriculum Vitae .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.3 Employment, Training and Seminars Certificates .......... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
7.3.1 Employment Certificates .... Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.3.2 Training and Seminars CPD points .....Error! Bookmark not
defined.

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 - General lighting load by occupancy ............................. 15

Table 2 - Tabulated continuous loads ............Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Table 3 - Tabulated non-continuous loads .....Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Table 4 - Current carrying capacity installed in ground .......... Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Table 5 - Current carrying capacity in installed in air ............ Error!

Bookmark not defined.
xiii | P a g e
Table 6 - Group factor installed in cable tray ..Error! Bookmark not
defined.

Table 7 - Ground thermal resistivity factor of the cable ......... Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Table 8 - Resistance and Reactance of the cable .. Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Table 9- from table 2, 310.15(B)(2)(B) NEC for applying adjustment

factor ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 10 - Elevator Electrical Load Capacity ...Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Table 11 – Extracted from NEC 2014 Table 430.52, Percentage

Multiplier of Motor Over-Current Protection Devices (OCPD) .. Error!
Bookmark not defined.

Table 12 - Tabulated Loads for SDB-A...........Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Table 13 - Tabulated Loads for EMDB ...........Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Table 14 - Tabulated Loads for MDB-1 ..........Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Table 15 - Tabulated Loads for MDB-2 & MDB-3 ... Error! Bookmark
not defined.

Table 16 - Tabulated Loads for Meter Center-1 .... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Table 17 - Tabulated Loads for Meter center-2 ..... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Table 18 - Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule - 1 .. Error!

Bookmark not defined.
xiv | P a g e
Table 19 - Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule - 2 .. Error!
Bookmark not defined.

Table 20 - Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule - 3 .. Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Table 21 - Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule - 4 .. Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Table 22 - Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule - 5 .. Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Table 23 - Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule - 6 .. Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Table 24 - Soil resistivity Value Extracted From H.V. Laboratory of

King Saud University. ................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 25 - Summary of Grounding Resistance per Spacing .... Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Table 26 - Tabulated Loads for Meter Center -2 ... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Table 27 - Tabulated Loads for Transformer - 2 ... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Table 28 - Tabulated Essential loads of the building .............. Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Table 29 – Individual cable Impedance per unit ... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Table 30 - Individual motor Impedance per unit .. Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Table 31 - Equivalent Generator reactance extracted from the

catalogue. ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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Table 32 - Essential computed line Impedance required ........ Error!
Bookmark not defined.

Table 33 – Summary of Calculated Low Voltage Fault Current Values

.................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 34 - Calculated Primary Medium Voltage Fault Current Values

.................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 35 - Transformer Damage Curve Calculation Infrequent Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Table 36 - Transformer Damage Curve Calculation Frequent .. Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Table 37 – Summary of calculated conductor short circuit currents

using same method are; ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 38 - Factor for Equipment and Voltage Classes ............ Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Table 39 - (Reference – Typical working distance) Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Table 40 - Summary of HRC per Fault Locations ... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Table 41 - Incident Energy per HRC Error! Bookmark not defined.

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1 - Project Overview ....................................................... 2

Figure 2 – Termination of 13.8kV power supply to RMU ................. 3

Figure 3 - Al-Khair Tower Google Maps Location ........................... 4

Figure 4 - Voltage Drop design Criteria .........Error! Bookmark not

defined.
xvi | P a g e
  Figure 5 - Inside the pump room area, this photo was taken
after testing and commissioning the fire pump or firefighting
system of the building. ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 6 - Fire pump Actual Nameplate Rating ..... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Figure 7 - Grounding System Layout Plan ......Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 8 - Grounding Installation Details .......Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 9 - Actual Generator installed name plate: . Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Figure 10 - Generator Decrement Curve ........Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 11 - Alternator Thermal Damage Curve with MCCB Trip Curve

.................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 12 - Alternator Damage Curve ...........Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 13 - Actual transformer name plate ....Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 14 - Electrical Riser Single Line Diagram with Excluded the

Coverage of Fault Calculation ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 15 - Electrical Single Line Riser Diagram Coverage with Short

Circuit Calculation ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 16 - Electrical Single Line Diagram with Fault Locations Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Figure 17 - Impedance Diagram ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.

xvii | P a g e
Figure 18 - Simplified Impedance at point A to B .. Error! Bookmark
not defined.

Figure 19 - Simplified Impedance point C to D ..... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Figure 20 - Simplified Impedance point C’ .....Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 21 - Simplified Impedance point E to F Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 22 - Simplified Impedance point G to H ..... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Figure 23 - Symmetrical fault current at MDB1 fault-2 .......... Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Figure 24 - Simplified Impedance at point Fault-2 Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Figure 25 - Combine series and parallel impedance at point Fault-3

.................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 26 - Solve for Symmetrical Fault Current at F3 ........... Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Figure 27 - Solve for Symmetrical fault current at F4 when the

Generator is used. ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 28 - Positive Sequence Impedance .....Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 29 - Negative Sequence Impedance ....Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 30 - Zero Sequence Impedance ..........Error! Bookmark not

defined.

xviii | P a g e
Figure 31 - Zero Sequence Impedance when Generator is use Error!
Bookmark not defined.

Figure 32 - Schematic Diagram of primary side short circuit current

.................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 33 -Simplified Impedance to determine the total equivalent

impedance .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 34 - Single Open Fault Diagram..........Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 35 - Knee Point Voltage ....... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 36 - Electrical design protection coordination ............. Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Figure 37 - Time current characteristic curve .Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 38 - Coordination Time Interval study-1 .... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Figure 39 – Coordination Time Interval study-2 ... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Figure 40 - LV Motor Time Current Curve ......Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 41 - LV Motor TCC Areas ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 42 - Transformer Equipment Damage Curve .............. Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Figure 43 - Transformer Damage Curve (Infrequent Fault) .... Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Figure 44 - Transformer Damage Curve (frequent Fault) ....... Error!

Bookmark not defined.

xix | P a g e
Figure 45 - HRC PPE Required Label Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 46 - Arc Flash PPE by HRC ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

LIST OF FORMULA

Formula 1 - 3 phase formula ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Formula 2 - Voltage drop formula ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Formula 3 - Two Ground Rods........ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Formula 4 - Two Grounds, Diameter of Ring D, Diameter of Wire d

.................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Formula 5 - Utility Per Unit ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Formula 6 - Equipment Per Unit ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Formula 7 - Cable Impedance Per Unit ..........Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Formula 8 - Three Phase Symmetrical Fault Current ............. Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Formula 9 - Symmetrical 3 Phase Fault Current ... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Formula 10 - Single Line to Ground Fault, The sequence connection

are connected in series ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Formula 11 - Line to Line Fault ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Formula 12 - Double Line to Ground Fault .....Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Formula 13 - Kirchhoff's Voltage Law ............Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Formula 14 - Double Line to Ground Fault .....Error! Bookmark not

defined.

xx | P a g e
Formula 15 - primary 3 Phase Short Circuit - Symmetrical .... Error!
Bookmark not defined.

Formula 16 - Arcing Short-Circuit Current .....Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Formula 17 - Incident Energy ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Formula 18 -Normalized Incident Energy .......Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Formula 19 - Arc Flash Boundary Protection ..Error! Bookmark not

defined.

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATION

Symbol Description

%Vd Percent Voltage drop

∠ angle

° degrees

A Ampere

AF Ampere Frame

AT Ampere Trip

ATS Automatic Transfer Switch

BS British Standard

C No. of Cable Core

Cf Calculation factor in Arc Flash

cos Ф power factor

xxi | P a g e
Cu Copper

eff Efficiency

Ei Incident Energy

En Normalize Energy

EMDB Emergency Main Distribution Board

FTC Fault Clearing Time

G gap between conductors in mm

IFLC Computed Full Load Current

Ia Arc Fault Current

Ib Rated/Demand Current of the Equipment or

Ip Circuit Protection

If Fault Current

Ibf 3 phase bolted fault current

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

k Rating factor

km kilo meter

kV kilo Volt

kVA kilo Volt ampere

kW kilo Watt

L Length in km or m

LRC Lock Rotor Current

xxii | P a g e
LT Long time (for Breaker Setting)

MCC Motor Control Center

MDB Main Distribution Board

MVA Mega Volt Ampere

MDB Main Distribution Board

mm² Square millimeter

N No. of Conductor in Parallel

NEC National Electrical Code

OCPD Over Current Protection devices

p.f. Power factor

pu Per unit

PB Panelboard

PEC Philippine Electrical Code

PVC Polyvinyl Chloride

SLD Single Line Diagram

SMDB Sub Main Distribution Board

ST Short time (for Breaker Setting)

STPU Short time Pick Up (for Breaker Setting

t Time in sec.

TCC Time Current Curve

TDL Total Demand Load

TCL Total Connected Load

xxiii | P a g e
V Volt

Vf Fault Voltage

X Reactance

XLPE cross-linked polyethylene

Z impedance

Z(pu) impedance per Unit

Z0 Zero Sequence Impedance

Z1 Positive Sequence Impedance

Z2 Negative Sequence Impedance

Ω Ohms

xxiv | P a g e
SUMMARY

Al-Khair Tower office project, is a private office building located at

Al-Amanah street Jeddah KSA, investment and property by Prince
Mansour Bin Nasser Bin Abdulaziz. The tower offers for private
company offices and government offices, the tower is 18-storey
building with attic floor and roof floor, car parking is from ground to
3th floor North side wing and a twenty-four (24) hour security
measurement and maintenance support.

This technical report entitled “ELECTRICAL DESIGN OF AL-KHAIR

TOWER OFFICES BUILDING IN JEDDAH, KSA“ discuss the
fundamental requirements in designing electrical system. The report
includes the introduction containing the project description, project
objective, scope of and limitations. The applicable codes, standards
and regulations in which design is based. It also covers load
calculation using architectural design for lighting, powering in the
service area and client appliance requirements. The cable sizing
with cable schedule, over current protection, voltage drop
calculations, transformer and generator sizing calculation are
defined in this report.

The nominal voltage of the building is 400/230V, 3Phase, 60Hz, it is

supplied by 5-Step down transformers 13.8kV, 3Phase, primary and
400/230V, 3Phase, 60Hz, secondary supply, the rating of
xxv | P a g e
transformers is 4-1500kVA and 1-1000kVA, each transformer is
provided of 5-13.8kV RMU’s parallel connections to receive the
power supply, direct buried lines from SCECO. The incoming line
side of the RMU’s are provided with no-fuse disconnect switches and
the outgoing to the transformers are provided with VCB circuit
breaker, all transformers are energized.

The 5-Transformers are categorized which electrical loads are being

connected, transformer-1 connected with the meter center-2 LV
panel with busbar, transformer-3 connected with the meter center-1
LV panel with busbar for all typical offices, transformer-2 are supply
for LV switch gear MDB-1 connected with service loads of the main
building and with EMDB bypass at 500 kVA stand-by generator set
for essential loads or emergency power back-up connected via ATS
as shown in the electrical riser diagram. Transformers 4 and 5
connected with the LV switch gears MDB-2 and MDB-3 are
dedicated supply for 4-chiller machines in combined, 3 are for
operations and the other 1 is a redundancy, all transformers are oil
immerse type with ingress protection of IP-65.

To ensure a reliable and safe building design, a per unit method

calculation is used in a short circuit calculation, the MVA base was
assumed as 500MVA available extracted from SCECO. Protection
coordination study with each graphical presentation are also
include. Fire pump calculation is based on NEMA ICS 14-2001,
National Electrical Code NFPA70 NEC 2014. Finally, generator design
capacity is also considered as standby power supplying essential
loads in the building.

xxvi | P a g e
Over all view of this the author would like to emphasize that aside
from the technical specification and international standards, the
understanding of the local regulations shall be considered.
Coordinating with local authorities is required and to perform of
visual riser diagram is one of significant and effective
implementation during construction.

xxvii | P a g e
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
O

1|Page
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Figure 1 - Project Overview

2|Page
Figure 2 – Termination of 13.8kV power supply to RMU

The Al-Khair Tower is located at Al-Amanah, Street Jeddah Kingdom

of Saudi Arabia, investment and property by Prince Mansour Bin
Nasser, the project was developed and constructed by Ruwad Civil
Contractor (RCC) the main contractor of the project. The Al-Khair
Tower is very close location from the tallest flag pole in the world
and the Jeddah Chamber of Commerce and Industry (JCCI)
building, development in the downtown of Jeddah.

3|Page
Figure 3 - Al-Khair Tower Google Maps Location

Jeddah City climate is characterized as shown tabulated below;

January February March April May June July August September October November December

Avg. 23.3 23.3 25.3 27.3 29.9 30.7 32 32.1 31.1 29.2 27.2 24.8
Temperature
(°C)

Min. 16.5 16.4 18.4 20 22.6 23.3 25.4 26 24.5 22.4 20.5 18.3
Temperature
(°C)

Max. 30.2 30.2 32.3 34.7 37.2 38.1 38.7 38.2 37.8 36.1 33.9 31.3
Temperature
(°C)

Avg. 73.9 73.9 77.5 81.1 85.8 87.3 89.6 89.8 88.0 84.6 81.0 76.6
Temperature
(°F)

Min. 61.7 61.5 65.1 68.0 72.7 73.9 77.7 78.8 76.1 72.3 68.9 64.9
Temperature
(°F)

Max. 86.4 86.4 90.1 94.5 99.0 100.6 101.7 100.8 100.0 97.0 93.0 88.3
Temperature
(°F)

Precipitation 10 1 2 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 18 16
/ Rainfall
(mm)

The project was developed and designed by Mohamed Harasani

Architects (MHA) and Engineering Consultancy Services, the
company is a full range of services in architectural design, cost

4|Page
 control and construction management, this ensure project outcomes
are of the highest standard. The Project features the following;

1. Typical Offices West and East Side

2. Main Lobby at Ground Floor, Mezzanine and Cafeteria at Second

Floor East Side

3. Ground Floor to 3rd Floor Parking Area West Side

4. The 18-Storey Structure Offices Building, Offers for Private and

Government Business Offices.

1.2 Project Objective

The following are the main objectives of the technical engineering

report;

A. To carry out a complete electrical system design of the project in

accordance with local standard and regulation in the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia and other related International Standard.

B. To ensure that the required technical specification and design

criteria are defined in designing the electrical of the project.

1.3 Scope and Limitation

The scope of works of this report is generally describe as follows;

5|Page
A. Complete electrical design in accordance with the requirements by
the owner, code of practice, local standard regulation as well as
related International Standard.

B. Provide complete design calculation for the electrical requirements

and system design calculation of the loads, cable sizing, over
current protection, voltage drop calculation, transformer sizing
calculation, fire pumps over current protection and standby
generator sizing.

C. Provide system analysis study such as short circuit calculation and

protection coordination study to ensure reliable and safe design.

D. Calculation of Earthing and Lightning protection system

 The limitation and excluded in the preparation of this technical

Engineering Report are as follows;

a. Calculation of the illumination level of the area or spaces.

b. Medium Voltage System.

c. Extra Low Voltage / Low Current System such as Fire Detection and
Alarm system, Telephone and Data Structured System, Acces
Control System, Public Address System.

6|Page
CHAPTER 2
DESIGN CRITERIA

7|Page
CHAPTER 2 – DESIGN CRITERIA

8|Page
 This section will enumerate the electrical requirements,
specifications, applicable codes and standards used, engineering
practices and local authority regulations and requirements.

2.1 Applicable Codes, Standard and Regulations

The design of electrical distribution system of the Al-Khair Tower

has been guided and based on the following local and international
standard and regulation;

A. Saudi Consolidated Electric Company known as SCECO

B. Bristish Standard, BS 7671 – IIEE Wiring Regulation 2008, 17th

Edition

C. National Electrical Code (NEC), NFPA 70, 2011, 2014 Edition

D. Institute of electrical and electronics Engineers – IEEE 141 Red

Book

E. NEMA ICS 14-2001

F. International Electromechanical Commission - IEC

G. Saudi Aramco Standard, SAES, SAEP and SAMSS

9|Page
2.2 Voltage rating and system frequency

 Incoming Power: 13.8Kv, 3 Phase

 System frequency: 60Hz

 Voltage rating at the incoming terminals of each main

switchboard low voltage: 400/230V, 3Phase, 60Hz

 3 Phase + Neutral, 4 Wire, 60Hz: Solidly earthed at

transformer location and on each distribution board.

 Earthing system: TNS

2.3 Environment conditions

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia experience a tropical climate and

general the ground area is at set sea level. The maximum ambient
shade temperature recorded has been 50˚C and the minimum of
is 0˚C.

All apparatus and equipment shall be so designed and

constructed that they operate satisfactorily for prolonged and
continuous periods in the conditions stated above at the
following ambient temperature conditions:

 Maximum sun radiation temperature in summer = 85˚C

 Maximum ambient temperature in summer = 50˚C

 Average maximum ambient temperature in summer

=45˚C

 Minimum ambient temperature in winter = 0˚C

 Design ambient temperature = 50˚C

10 | P a g e
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia receives only limited rainfall,
averaging about 75mm annually with long humidity and dry
summers in some areas, while the winters are mild. Violent
sand dust storms of several hour’s durations occur and even
comparatively still days, fine dust is carried in suspension in
the atmosphere.

2.3 Equipment voltage and frequency tolerances

 Voltage: ±5%

 Frequency tolerance: ±0.1Hz (short term ±0.15Hz for

duration of only few seconds.)

2.4 Target voltage drop

The voltage drop is based on Saudi Electricity Company

(Distribution planning Standards), Regulation 525 of the 16 th edition
of the IEE wiring regulations and PEC, this to ensure that the
voltage applied to the connected load or equipment is maintained
within allowable limits.

As per PEC article [Link] (FPN no.2)

“Conductor for feeders as defined in article 1.0., sized to prevent a

voltage drop exceeding 3 percent at the farthest outlet of power,
heating and lighting load or combination of such loads and where
the maximum total voltage drop on both feeders and branch circuit

11 | P a g e
to the farthest outlet does not exceed 5 percent, will provide
reasonable efficiency of operation.”

Voltage Drop Design Criteria

Note: Single line diagram design criteria for voltage drop is mention
again on figure 4 page 33

CHAPTER 3
ELECTRICAL

CALCULATIONS
12 | P a g e
13 | P a g e
CHAPTER 3 – ELECTRICAL CALCULATIONS

3.1 LOAD CALCULATION

3.1.1 Distribution Board (DB-Lighting and Power loads)

Using the architectural design for lighting and power loads as per
extracted from NFPA 70, NEC 2014, table 220.12, offices lighting
loads calculated with 39VA/m2, the receptacle power outlets loads
calculated with 11VA/m2 or 180VA per single receptacle and 360VA
per double receptacle power outlets, and with considerations per
client requirements, the following loads are tabulated below;

14 | P a g e
Table 1 - General lighting load by occupancy

15 | P a g e
 A. (PP-T) Typical Offices (550M² South & North Wings)

PROJECT NAME : AL KHAIR TOWER ENGINEER : GILBERTO C PANEL NAME : PP-T PANTRY SHEET NO : 01
PROJECT NO. : 08913 DATE : VOLTAGE : 380/220V LOCATION : OFFICES (TYP) MOUNTING : SURFACE

BREAKER kVA BUS CONN kVA BREAKER

CABLE SIZE CKT CKT CABLE SIZE
DESCRIPTION POINTS L1 L2 L3 POINTS DESCRIPTION
(mm²) POLE AMP R Y B NO. NO. R Y B AMP POLE (mm²)

LIGHTING 3x2.5 14 1 16 1.512 1 2 2.880 20 1 8 3x4 POWER OUTLET

LIGHTING 3x2.5 14 1 16 1.512 3 4 2.880 20 1 8 3x4 POWER OUTLET
LIGHTING 3x2.5 14 1 16 1.512 5 6 2.880 20 1 8 3x4 POWER OUTLET
LIGHTING 3x2.5 14 1 16 1.512 7 8 2.880 20 1 8 3x4 POWER OUTLET
LIGHTING 3x2.5 14 1 16 1.512 9 10 2.880 20 1 8 3x4 POWER OUTLET
LIGHTING 3x2.5 14 1 16 1.512 11 12 2.160 20 1 6 3x4 POWER OUTLET
LIGHTING 3x2.5 14 1 16 1.512 13 14 2.160 20 1 6 3x4 POWER OUTLET
LIGHTING 3x2.5 10 1 16 1.080 15 16 2.160 20 1 6 3x4 POWER OUTLET
RANGE 3x6 1 1 30 3.000 17 18 2.160 20 1 6 3x4 POWER OUTLET
WATER HEATER 3x4 1 1 20 1.500 19 20 2.160 20 1 6 3x4 POWER OUTLET
HAND DRYER 3x4 1+1 1 20 1.680 21 22 3.000 30 1 1 3x4 RANGE
FCU-OFFICE-01 3x4 2 1 20 1.600 23 24 1.500 20 1 1 3x4 WATER HEATER
FCU-OFFICE-01 3x4 2 1 20 1.600 25 26 1.680 20 1 1+1 3x4 HAND DRYER
FCU-OFFICE-02 3x4 2 1 20 1.600 27 28 0.800 20 1 1 3x4 FCU-OFFICE-02
SPARE 1 20 29 30 20 1 SPARE
SPARE 1 20 31 32 20 1 SPARE
SPARE 1 20 33 34 20 1 SPARE
SPACE 1 35 36 1 SPACE
SUB TOTAL / PHASE 7.636 7.384 7.624 11.760 11.720 8.700 SUB TOTAL /PHASE
MAIN BUS RATING : 125A
TOTAL / PHASE 19.396 19.104 16.324

CONNECTED LOAD ANALYSIS LOAD CURRENT : 79.97 AMPERES

MAIN BREAKER : 100AT / 100AF MCCB
R : 19.396 kVA SUPPLIED FROM : METER CENTER
Y : 19.104 kVA FEEDING FROM : TOP
B : 16.324 kVA MAIN FEEDER : 4x70mm² +35mm²E in CABLE TRAY
TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS : 54.824 kVA
NEUTRAL BUS RATING = 100%
20% SPARE : 65.789 kVA GROUND BUS RATING = 50%

80% DEMAND FACTORS : 52.631 kVA

B. PP-C1, Mezzanine Floor

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PROJECT NAME : AL KHAIR TOWER ENGINEER : GILBERTO C PANEL NAME : PP-C1 ELECTRICAL ROOM SHEET NO : 01
PROJECT NO. : 08913 DATE : VOLTAGE : 380/220V LOCATION : MEZZ FLOOR MOUNTING : SURFACE

BREAKER kVA BUS CONN kVA BREAKER

CABLE SIZE CKT CKT CABLE SIZE
DESCRIPTION POINTS L1 L2 L3 POINTS DESCRIPTION
(mm²) POLE AMP R Y B NO. NO. R Y B AMP POLE (mm²)

LIGHTING 3x2.5 10 1 16 1.000 1 2 2.640 20 1 3 3x4 FCU

LIGHTING 3x2.5 10 1 16 1.000 3 4 2.640 20 1 3 3x4 FCU
LIGHTING 3x2.5 10 1 16 1.000 5 6 1.500 20 1 1 3x6 WATER HEATER
LIGHTING 3x2.5 10 1 16 1.000 7 8 2.500 30 1 1 3x6 MEAT GRINDER
LIGHTING 3x2.5 7 1 16 0.700 9 10 2.500 30 1 1 3x6 DISHWASHER
POWER OUTLET 3x4 8 1 20 2.880 11 12 2.760 30 1 1 3x6 FREEZER
POWER OUTLET 3x4 8 1 20 2.880 13 14 3.000 45 1 1 3x6 RANGE
POWER OUTLET 3x4 8 1 20 2.880 15 16 2.760 30 1 1 3x6 FREEZER
POWER OUTLET 3x4 8 1 20 2.880 17 18 3.000 45 1 1 3x6 RANGE
SPARE 1 16 19 20 0.750 20 1 1 3x4 REFRIGERATOR
SPARE 1 20 21 22 20 1 SPARE
SPARE 1 20 1.760 23 24 20 1 SPARE
SUB TOTAL / PHASE 4.880 4.580 8.520 8.890 7.900 7.260 SUB TOTAL /PHASE
MAIN BUS RATING : 100A
TOTAL / PHASE 13.770 12.480 15.780

CONNECTED LOAD ANALYSIS LOAD CURRENT : 61.31 AMPERES

MAIN BREAKER : 80AT / 100AF MCCB
R : 13.770 kVA SUPPLIED FROM : METER CENTER 1
Y : 12.480 kVA FEEDING FROM : TOP
B : 15.780 kVA MAIN FEEDER : 4x50mm² +25mm²E in CABLE TRAY
TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS : 42.030 kVA
NEUTRAL BUS RATING = 100%
20% SPARE : 50.436 kVA GROUND BUS RATING = 50%

80% DEMAND FACTORS : 40.349 kVA

17 | P a g e
 C. PP-P2, Ground Floor

PROJECT NAME : AL KHAIR TOWER ENGINEER : GILBERTO C PANEL NAME : PP-P2 ELECTRICAL ROOM SHEET NO : 01
PROJECT NO. : 08913 DATE : VOLTAGE : 380/220V LOCATION : GF MOUNTING : SURFACE

BREAKER kVA BUS CONN kVA BREAKER

CABLE SIZE CKT CKT CABLE SIZE
DESCRIPTION POINTS L1 L2 L3 POINTS DESCRIPTION
(mm²) POLE AMP R Y B NO. NO. R Y B AMP POLE (mm²)
LIGHTING AT FF PARKING 3x2.5 20+1 16 1 2.172 1 2 1.200 16 1 11+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT FF PARKING
LIGHTING AT FF PARKING 3x2.5 11 16 1 1.188 3 4 1.200 16 1 11+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT FF PARKING
LIGHTING AT FF PARKING 3x2.5 11 16 1 1.188 5 6 1.296 16 1 12 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT FF PARKING
LIGHTING AT FF PARKING 3x2.5 11 16 1 1.188 7 8 1.296 16 1 12 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT FF PARKING
LIGHTING AT FF PARKING 3x2.5 11 16 1 1.188 9 10 1.296 16 1 12 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT FF PARKING
LIGHTING AT FF PARKING 3x2.5 11 16 1 1.188 11 12 1.296 16 1 12 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT FF PARKING
LIGHTING AT FF PARKING 3x2.5 11+1 16 1 1.200 13 14 1.308 16 1 12+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT FF PARKING
LIGHTING AT FF PARKING 3x2.5 13+1 16 1 1.416 15 16 1.308 16 1 12+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT FF PARKING
LIGHTING AT FF PARKING 3x2.5 9 16 1 0.972 17 18 1.080 20 1 5 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT FF PARKING
POWER OUTLET AT FF PARKING 3x4 7 20 1 1.260 19 20 1.620 20 1 6 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT FF PARKING
SPARE 20 1 21 22 20 1 SPARE
SPARE 20 1 23 24 20 1 SPARE
SPARE 20 1 25 26 20 1 SPARE
SPACE 1 27 28 1 SPACE
SPACE 1 29 30 1 SPACE
SUB TOTAL / PHASE 5.820 3.792 3.348 5.424 3.804 3.672 SUB TOTAL /PHASE
MAIN BUS RATING : 100A
TOTAL / PHASE 11.244 7.596 7.020

CONNECTED LOAD ANALYSIS LOAD CURRENT : : 37.72 AMPERES

MAIN BREAKER : : 60AT / 100AF MCCB
R : 11.244 kVA SUPPLIED FROM : DB-A
Y : 7.596 kVA FEEDING FROM : : TOP
B : 7.020 kVA MAIN FEEDER: : 4x25mm² +16mm²E in CABLE TRAY
TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS : 25.860 kVA
NEUTRAL BUS RATING = 100%
20% SPARE : 31.032 kVA GROUND BUS RATING = 50%

80% DEMAND FACTORS : 24.826 kVA

18 | P a g e
 D. PP-P3, Ground Floor

PROJECT NAME : AL KHAIR TOWER ENGINEER : GILBERTO PANEL NAME : PP-P3 ELECTRICAL ROOM SHEET NO : 01
PROJECT NO. : 08913 DATE : VOLTAGE : 380/220V LOCATION : GF MOUNTING : SURFACE

BREAKER kVA BUS CONN kVA BREAKER

CABLE SIZE CKT CKT CABLE SIZE
DESCRIPTION POINTS L1 L2 L3 POINTS DESCRIPTION
(mm²) POLE AMP R Y B NO. NO. R Y B AMP POLE (mm²)
LIGHTING AT 2F PARKING 3x2.5 15 1 16 1.296 1 2 1.188 16 1 11 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT 2F PARKING
LIGHTING AT 2F PARKING 3x2.5 12 1 16 1.188 3 4 1.188 16 1 11 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT 2F PARKING
LIGHTING AT 2F PARKING 3x2.5 12 1 16 1.188 5 6 1.188 16 1 11+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT 2F PARKING
LIGHTING AT 2F PARKING 3x2.5 12+1 1 16 1.188 7 8 1.752 16 1 13+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT 2F PARKING
LIGHTING AT 2F PARKING 3x2.5 12+1 1 16 1.212 9 10 1.200 16 1 9 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT 2F PARKING
LIGHTING AT 3F PARKING 3x2.5 7+3 1 16 1.080 11 12 1.956 16 1 15+3+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT 3F PARKING
SPARE 1 16 13 14 1.188 20 1 5 3x4 POWER OUTLET FOR 2F PARKING
POWER OUTLET AT 2F PARKING 3x4 7 1 20 1.260 15 16 1.200 20 1 6 3x4 POWER OUTLET FOR 2F PARKING
SPARE 1 20 17 18 0.738 20 1 5 3x4 POWER OUTLET FOR 3F PARKING
POWER OUTLET AT 3F PARKING 3x4 5 1 20 0.900 19 20 20 1 4 3x4 POWER OUTLET FOR 3F PARKING
POWER OUTLET AT 3F PARKING 3x4 6 1 20 1.080 21 22 20 1 SPARE
SPARE 1 20 23 24 20 1 SPARE
SPARE 1 20 25 26 20 1 SPARE
SPACE 1 27 28 1 SPACE
SPACE 1 29 30 1 SPACE
SUB TOTAL / PHASE 3.384 4.740 2.268 4.128 3.588 3.882 SUB TOTAL /PHASE
MAIN BUS RATING : 100A
TOTAL / PHASE 7.512 8.328 6.150

CONNECTED LOAD ANALYSIS LOAD CURRENT : 32.07 AMPERES

MAIN BREAKER : 60AT / 100AF MCCB
R : 7.512 kVA SUPPLIED FROM : DB-A
Y : 8.328 kVA FEEDING FROM : TOP
B : 6.150 kVA MAIN FEEDER : 4x16mm² +10mm²E in CABLE TRAY
TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS : 21.990 kVA
NEUTRAL BUS RATING = 100%
20% SPARE : 26.388 kVA GROUND BUS RATING = 50%

80% DEMAND FACTORS : 21.110 kVA

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 E. PP-C TO G (Typical)

PROJECT NAME : AL KHAIR TOWER ENGINEER : PANEL NAME : PP-C (TYP TO G) ELECTRICAL ROOM SHEET NO : 01
PROJECT NO. : 08913 DATE : VOLTAGE : 380/220V LOCATION : 3F/6F/…….15F MOUNTING : SURFACE

BREAKER KVA BUS CONN KVA BREAKER

CABLE SIZE CKT CKT CABLE SIZE
DESCRIPTION POINTS L1 L2 L3 POINTS DESCRIPTION
(mm²) POLE AMP R Y B NO. NO. R Y B AMP POLE (mm²)

LIGHTING AT 3F COMMON AREAS 3x2.5 15 1 16 1.455 1 2 2.100 16 1 17+2+2 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT 3F ELEV LOBBY
LIGHTING AT 3F COMMON AREAS 3x2.5 12+2+2+1 1 16 1.551 3 4 1.455 16 1 15 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT 4F HALLWAY
LIGHTING AT 4F ELEV LOBBY 3x2.5 17+2+2 1 16 2.100 5 6 1.551 16 1 12+2+2+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT 4F COMMON AREAS
LIGHTING AT 5F HALLWAY 3x2.5 15 1 16 1.455 7 8 2.100 16 1 17+2+2 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT 5F ELEV LOBBY
LIGHTING AT 5F COMMON AREAS 3x2.5 12+2+2+1 1 16 1.551 9 10 1.080 20 1 6 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT 3F COMMON AREAS
POWER OUTLET AT 3F COMMON AREAS 3x4 6 1 20 1.080 11 12 1.080 20 1 6 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT 4F COMMON AREAS
POWER OUTLET AT 4F COMMON AREAS 3x4 6 1 20 1.080 13 14 1.080 20 1 6 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT 5F COMMON AREAS
POWER OUTLET AT 5F COMMON AREAS 3x4 6 1 20 1.080 15 16 0.100 20 1 9 3x4 POWER OUTLET FOR CAMERA 3F/4F/5F
FCU FOR 3F COMMON AREAS 3x4 4 1 20 1.463 17 18 1.463 20 1 4 3x4 FCU FOR 4F COMMON AREAS
FCU FOR 5F COMMON AREAS 3x4 4 1 20 1.463 19 20 20 1 SPARE
SPARE 1 20 21 22 20 1 SPARE
SPACE 1 20 23 24 1 SPACE
SUB TOTAL / PHASE 5.453 4.182 4.643 5.280 2.635 4.094 SUB TOTAL /PHASE
MAIN BUS RATING : 100A
TOTAL / PHASE 10.733 6.817 8.737

CONNECTED LOAD ANALYSIS LOAD CURRENT : 38.34 AMPERES

MAIN BREAKER : 60AT / 100AF MCCB
R : 10.733 kVA SUPPLIED FROM : DB-A
Y : 6.817 kVA FEEDING FROM : TOP
B : 8.737 kVA MAIN FEEDER : 4x25mm² +16mm²E in CABLE TRAY
TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS : 26.287 kVA
NEUTRAL BUS RATING = 100%
20% SPARE : 31.544 kVA GROUND BUS RATING = 50%

80% DEMAND FACTORS : 25.236 kVA

20 | P a g e
F. LP-EX, Ground Floor

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PROJECT NAME : AL KHAIR TOWER ENGINEER : GILBERTO C PANEL NAME : LP-EX ELECTRICAL ROOM SHEET NO : 01
PROJECT NO. : 08913 DATE : VOLTAGE : 380/220V LOCATION : GF MOUNTING : SURFACE

BREAKER kVA BUS CONN kVA BREAKER

CABLE SIZE CABLE SIZE
DESCRIPTION POINTS CKT NO. L1 L2 L3 CKT NO. POINTS DESCRIPTION
(mm²) POLE AMP R Y B R Y B AMP POLE (mm²)
LIGHTING (TREES) 3x2.5 16 1 16 1.680 1 2 0.900 16 1 12 3x2.5 LIGHTING (WALKWAY)
LIGHTING (WALKWAY) 3x2.5 13 1 16 0.975 3 4 1.365 16 1 13 3x2.5 LIGHTING (TREES)
LIGHTING (WALKWAY) 3x2.5 18 1 16 1.350 5 6 0.900 16 1 12 3x2.5 LIGHTING (WALKWAY)
LIGHTING (TREES) 3x2.5 14 1 16 1.470 7 8 0.787 16 1 2+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING (POLE LIGHTS)
LIGHTING (POLE LIGHTS) 3x2.5 2+1 1 16 0.787 9 10 0.765 16 1 1 3x2.5 LED LIGHTS AT MF
LED LIGHTS AT 3F-SOUTH 3x2.5 1 1 16 0.765 11 12 0.765 16 1 1 3x2.5 LED LIGHTS AT 3F-NORTH
LED LIGHTS AT 6F-SOUTH 3x2.5 1 1 16 0.765 13 14 0.765 16 1 1 3x2.5 LED LIGHTS AT 6F-NORTH
LED LIGHTS AT 9F-SOUTH 3x2.5 1 1 16 0.765 15 16 0.765 16 1 1 3x2.5 LED LIGHTS AT 9F-NORTH
LED LIGHTS AT 12F-SOUTH 3x2.5 1 1 16 0.765 17 18 0.765 16 1 1 3x2.5 LED LIGHTS AT 12F-NORTH
LED LIGHTS AT 15F-SOUTH 3x2.5 1 1 16 0.765 19 20 0.765 16 1 1 3x2.5 LED LIGHTS AT 15F-NORTH
LED LIGHTS AT 18F-SOUTH 3x2.5 1 1 16 0.765 21 22 0.765 16 1 1 3x2.5 LED LIGHTS AT 18TH-NORTH
ROOF DECK FLASHER 2x4+2.5 2 1 16 2.100 23 24 2.100 16 1 2 2x4+2.5 ROOF DECK FLASHER
SPARE 2 1 16 2.100 25 26 16 1 SPARE
SPARE 1 27 28 1 SPARE
SPACE 1 29 30 1 SPACE
SUB TOTAL / PHASE 6.780 3.292 4.980 3.217 3.660 4.530 SUB TOTAL /PHASE
MAIN BUS RATING : 100A
TOTAL / PHASE 9.997 6.952 9.510

CONNECTED LOAD ANALYSIS LOAD CURRENT : : 48.24 AMPERES

MAIN BREAKER : : 60AT / 100AF MCCB
R : 9.997 kVA SUPPLIED FROM : DB-A
Y : 6.952 kVA FEEDING FROM : : TOP
B : 9.510 kVA MAIN FEEDER: : 4x25mm² +16mm²E in CABLE TRAY
TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS : 26.459 kVA
NEUTRAL BUS RATING = 100%
20% SPARE : 31.751 kVA GROUND BUS RATING = 50%

100% DEMAND FACTORS : 31.751 kVA

22 | P a g e
 G. PP-A, Ground Floor

PROJECT NAME : AL KHAIR TOWER ENGINEER : GILBERTO C. PANEL NAME : PP-A ELECTRICAL ROOM SHEET NO : 01
PROJECT NO. : 08913 DATE : VOLTAGE : 380/220V LOCATION : GF MOUNTING : SURFACE

BREAKER KVA BUS CONN KVA BREAKER

CABLE SIZE CKT CKT CABLE SIZE
DESCRIPTION POINTS L1 L2 L3 POINTS DESCRIPTION
(mm²) POLE AMP R Y B NO. NO. R Y B AMP POLE (mm²)

LIGHTING AT GF COMMON AREAS 3x2.5 8+4+2 1 16 0.840 1 2 1.104 16 1 10+1+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT GF ELEV. LOBBY
LIGHTING AT GF COMMON AREAS 3x2.5 4+2 1 16 0.648 3 4 0.912 16 1 6+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT GF HALLWAY
LIGHTING AT GF COMMON AREAS 3x2.5 1+3+5 1 16 0.405 5 6 16 1 30 3x2.5 SPARE
SPARE 1 16 7 8 1.320 16 1 22 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT ELEV. 1
LIGHTING AT ELEV. 2 3x2.5 22 1 16 1.320 9 10 1.320 16 1 22 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT SERVICE ELEV.
LIGHTING AT ELEV. 3 3x2.5 22 1 16 1.320 11 12 1.320 16 1 22 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT ELEV. 4
LIGHTING AT MAIN LOBBY 3x2.5 8 1 16 1.200 13 14 1.800 16 1 8+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT MAIN LOBBY
LIGHTING AT MAIN LOBBY 3x2.5 8+1+1 1 16 1.800 15 16 1.512 16 1 9+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT MAIN LOBBY
SPARE 1 16 17 18 0.500 20 1 1 3x4 SPLIT UNIT AT CONTROL ROOM
POWER OUTLET AT GF LOBBY 3x4 3 1 20 1.080 19 20 1.440 20 1 4 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT GF RECEPTION
POWER OUTLET AT GF COMMON AREAS 3x4 4 1 20 0.720 21 22 0.900 20 1 5 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT GF COMMON AREAS
POWER OUTLET AT GF COMMON AREAS 3x4 4 1 20 0.720 23 24 1.080 20 1 3 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT ELEV. PIT
POWER OUTLET AT ELEV. PIT 3x4 2 1 20 0.720 25 26 0.720 20 1 2 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT ELEV. PIT
POWER OUTLET FOR CAMERA AT GF/FF-P 3x2.5 21 1 20 0.200 27 28 1.000 20 1 1 3x2.5 BMS
FACP 3x2.5 4 1 20 1.000 29 30 1.000 20 1 1 3x2.5 CCTV
PAPB 3x2.5 3 1 20 1.000 31 32 1.000 20 1 1 3x2.5 ACP
MDF 3x2.5 2 1 20 1.000 33 34 1.500 20 1 1 3x4 WATER HEATER
WATER HEATER 3x4 1 1 20 1.500 35 36 1.680 20 1 1+1 3x4 HAND DRYER
HAND DRYER 3x4 1+1 1 20 1.680 37 38 1.500 20 1 5 3x4 EXHAUST FAN AT TRANSFORMER
EXHAUST FAN AT EE/[Link] 3x4 4 1 20 1.170 39 40 3.600 30 1 1 3x6 SPLIT UNIT AT SCECO ROOM
SPLIT UNIT AT SCECO ROOM 3x6 1 1 30 3.600 41 42 1.238 20 1 5 3x4 FCU-COMMON AREAS
SPARE 1 20 43 44 2.500
SPARE 1 20 45 46 2.500 30 3 1 5x6 AHU G-O1
SPARE 1 20 47 48 2.500
SPARE 1 20 49 50 20 1 SPARE
SPACE 1 51 52 1 SPACE
SPACE 1 53 54 1 SPACE
SUB TOTAL / PHASE 6.520 6.858 8.545 11.384 13.244 9.318 SUB TOTAL /PHASE
MAIN BUS RATING : 125A
TOTAL / PHASE 17.904 20.102 17.863

CONNECTED LOAD ANALYSIS LOAD CURRENT : 81.49 AMPERES

MAIN BREAKER : 125AF / 125AT MCCB
R : 17.904 KVA SUPPLIED FROM : DB-A
Y : 20.102 KVA FEEDING FROM : TOP
B : 17.863 KVA MAIN FEEDER : 4x70mm² +35mm²E in CABLE TRAY
TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS : 55.869 KVA
NEUTRAL BUS RATING = 100%
20% SPARE : 67.043 KVA GROUND BUS RATING = 50%

80% DEMAND FACTORS : 53.634 KVA

23 | P a g e
 H. PP-H, Attic Floor

PROJECT NAME : AL KHAIR TOWER ENGINEER : GILBERTO C PANEL NAME : PP-H ELECTRICAL ROOM SHEET NO : 01
PROJECT NO. : 08913 DATE : VOLTAGE : 380/220V LOCATION : ATTIC MOUNTING : SURFACE

BREAKER kVA BUS CONN kVA BREAKER

CABLE SIZE CKT CKT CABLE SIZE
DESCRIPTION POINTS L1 L2 L3 POINTS DESCRIPTION
(mm²) POLE AMP R Y B NO. NO. R Y B AMP POLE (mm²)

LIGHTING AT 18F HALLWAY 3x2.5 14+2 1 16 1.380 1 2 1.950 16 1 17+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT 18F ELEV LOBBY
LIGHTING AT 18F COMMON AREAS 3x2.5 3+8+3+5 1 16 1.476 3 4 1.278 16 1 8+6+1+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT ATTIC COMMON AREAS
LIGHTING AT ATTIC COMMON AREAS 3x2.5 2+6+1+1 1 16 1.170 5 6 0.720 16 1 12 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT SOUTH LOWER ROOF
LIGHTING AT NORTH LOWER ROOF 3x2.5 12 1 16 0.720 7 8 1.080 16 1 6 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT 18F COMMON AREAS
POWER OUTLET AT 18F COMMON AREAS 3x4 6 1 16 1.080 9 10 1.260 16 1 6+2+1 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT ATTIC COMMON AREAS
POWER OUTLET AT ATTIC COMMON AREAS 3x4 6+2+1 1 16 1.260 11 12 1.050 16 1 6 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT SOUTH LOWER ROOF
POWER OUTLET AT NORTH LOWER ROOF 3x4 6 1 20 1.080 13 14 3.600 20 1 1 3X6 SPLIT UNIT AC - ELEC. ROOM (2T)
SPLIT UNIT - MACHINE RM (3T) 3X6 1 1 40 5.400 15 16 5.400 40 1 1 3X6 SPLIT UNIT AC - MECH. ROOM (3T)
SPLIT UNIT AC - SERVICE (1.5T) 3X6 1 1 30 2.700 17 18 3.600 30 1 1 3X6 SPLIT UNIT - MACHINE RM (2T)
SPLIT UNIT - MACHINE RM (2T) 3X6 1 1 30 3.600 19 20 2.700 30 1 1 3X6 SPLIT UNIT AC - SERVICE (1.5T)
SPARE 1 30 21 22 30 1 SPARE
SPARE 1 30 23 24 30 1 SPARE
SPARE 1 20 25 26 20 1 SPARE
SPACE 1 27 28 1 SPACE
SPACE 1 29 30 1 SPACE
SUB TOTAL / PHASE 6.780 7.956 5.130 9.330 7.938 5.370 SUB TOTAL /PHASE
MAIN BUS RATING : 100A
TOTAL / PHASE 16.110 15.894 10.500

CONNECTED LOAD ANALYSIS LOAD CURRENT : 62.00 AMPERES

MAIN BREAKER : 80AT/100AT MCCB
R : 16.110 kVA SUPPLIED FROM : DB-A
Y : 15.894 kVA FEEDING FROM : TOP
B : 10.500 kVA MAIN FEEDER : 4x50mm² + 25mm²E in CABLE TRAY
TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS : 42.504 kVA
NEUTRAL BUS RATING = 100%
20% SPARE : 51.005 kVA GROUND BUS RATING = 50%

80% DEMAND FACTORS : 40.804 kVA

24 | P a g e
I. PP-B, Mezzanine Floor

25 | P a g e
PROJECT NAME : AL KHAIR TOWER ENGINEER : GILBERTO C. PANEL NAME : PP-B ELECTRICAL ROOM SHEET NO : 01
PROJECT NO. : 08913 DATE : VOLTAGE : 380/220V LOCATION : MEZZ FLOOR MOUNTING : SURFACE

BREAKER kVA BUS CONN kVA BREAKER

CABLE SIZE CKT CKT CABLE SIZE
DESCRIPTION POINTS L1 L2 L3 POINTS DESCRIPTION
(mm²) POLE AMP R Y B NO. NO. R Y B AMP POLE (mm²)

LIGHTING AT MF COMMON AREAS 3x2.5 2+3+2+1 1 16 0.990 1 2 1.416 16 1 14+1+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT MF ELEV LOBBY
LIGHTING AT MF COMMON AREAS 3x2.5 8+2+5 1 16 1.182 3 4 1.377 16 1 2+2+5+3 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT FF COMMON AREAS
LIGHTING AT FF ELEV LOBBY 3x2.5 14 1 16 0.728 5 6 1.182 16 1 2+8+3+5 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT FF COMMON AREAS
LIGHTING AT 2F ELEV LOBBY 3x2.5 17+2+2 1 16 2.100 7 8 1.350 16 1 12+1+2+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT 2F HALLWAY
LIGHTING AT 2F COMMON AREAS 3x2.5 15 1 16 1.152 9 10 1.440 16 1 5 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT MF COMMON AREAS
POWER OUTLET AT MF COMMON AREAS 3x4 6+1 1 20 1.080 11 12 1.080 20 1 4+1 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT FF COMMON AREAS
POWER OUTLET AT FF COMMON AREAS 3x4 5 1 20 0.720 13 14 1.080 20 1 6 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT 2F COMMON AREAS
POWER OUTLET AT 2F COMMON AREAS 3x4 6 1 20 1.080 15 16 0.150 20 1 20 3x4 POWER OUTLET FOR CAMERA - MF/FF/RF-P
WATER HEATER-MF 3x4 1 1 20 1.500 17 18 1.500 20 1 1 3x4 WATER HEATER-MF
WATER HEATER-FF 3x4 1 1 20 1.500 19 20 1.680 20 1 1+1 3x4 HAND DRYER-MF
HAND DRYER-MF 3x4 1+1 1 20 1.680 21 22 1.260 20 1 2 3x4 HAND DRYER-FF
FCU FOR MF COMMON AREAS 3x4 5 1 20 1.538 23 24 2.500
FCU FOR FF COMMON AREAS 3x4 5 1 20 1.538 25 26 2.500 30 1 1 5x6 AHU MEZZ-01
FCU FOR 2F COMMON AREAS 3x4 4 1 20 1.389 27 28 2.500
2.100 29 30 20 1 SPARE
AHU MEZZ-02 5x6 1 1 30 2.100 31 32 20 1 SPARE
2.100 33 34 20 1 SPARE
SPARE 1 20 35 36 20 1 SPARE
SPARE 1 20 37 38 20 1 SPARE
SPACE 1 39 40 1 SPACE
SPACE 1 41 42 1 SPACE
SUB TOTAL / PHASE 8.948 8.583 6.946 8.026 6.727 6.262 SUB TOTAL /PHASE
MAIN BUS RATING : 100A
TOTAL / PHASE 16.974 15.310 13.208

CONNECTED LOAD ANALYSIS LOAD CURRENT : 66.36 AMPERES

MAIN BREAKER : 100AT / 100AF MCCB
R : 16.974 kVA SUPPLIED FROM : DB-A
Y : 15.310 kVA FEEDING FROM : TOP
B : 13.208 kVA MAIN FEEDER : 4x50mm² + 25mm²E in CABLE TRAY
TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS : 45.492 kVA
NEUTRAL BUS RATING = 100%
20% SPARE : 54.590 kVA GROUND BUS RATING = 50%

80% DEMAND FACTORS : 43.672 kVA

26 | P a g e
 J. PP-P1, Ground Floor

PROJECT NAME : AL KHAIR TOWER ENGINEER : GILBERTO C PANEL NAME : PP-P1 ELECTRICAL ROOM SHEET NO : 01
PROJECT NO. : 08913 DATE : VOLTAGE : 380/220V LOCATION : GF MOUNTING : SURFACE

BREAKER kVA BUS CONN kVA BREAKER

CABLE SIZE CKT CKT CABLE SIZE
DESCRIPTION POINTS L1 L2 L3 POINTS DESCRIPTION
(mm²) POLE AMP R Y B NO. NO. R Y B AMP POLE (mm²)

LIGHTING AT GF PARKING 3x2.5 16+1 16 1 1.740 1 2 1.632 16 1 15+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT GF PARKING
LIGHTING AT GF PARKING 3x2.5 11 16 1 1.188 3 4 1.200 16 1 11+1 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT GF PARKING
LIGHTING AT GF PARKING 3x2.5 11 16 1 1.188 5 6 1.296 16 1 12 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT GF PARKING
LIGHTING AT GF PARKING 3x2.5 11 16 1 1.188 7 8 1.296 16 1 12 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT GF PARKING
LIGHTING AT GF PARKING 3x2.5 6 16 1 0.648 9 10 1.296 16 1 12 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT GF PARKING
LIGHTING AT GF PARKING 3x2.5 18 16 1 1.944 11 12 1.620 16 1 15 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT GF PARKING
LIGHTING AT GF PARKING 3x2.5 11 16 1 1.188 13 14 1.296 16 1 12 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT GF PARKING
LIGHTING AT GF PARKING 3x2.5 11+1 16 1 1.200 15 16 1.332 16 1 12+3 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT GF PARKING
LIGHTING AT GF PARKING 3x2.5 15 16 1 1.620 17 18 1.188 16 1 11 3x2.5 LIGHTING AT GF PARKING
LIGHTING AT PARKING ELEV 3x2.5 10 16 1 1.080 19 20 16 1 SPARE
POWER OUTLET AT GF PARKING 3x4 6 20 1 1.080 21 22 1.260 20 1 7 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT GF PARKING
SPLIT UNIT AT EE-ROOM 3x4 1 20 1 0.500 23 24 1.200 20 1 6 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT GF PARKING
POWER OUTLET AT GF PARKING 3x4 5 20 1 0.900 25 26 1.188 20 1 4 3x4 POWER OUTLET AT GF PARKING
POWER OUTLET AT GF PARKING 3x4 6 20 1 1.080 27 28 20 1 SPARE
SPARE 20 1 29 30 16 1 SPARE
SPARE 16 1 31 32 16 1 SPARE
SPACE 33 34 1 SPACE
SPACE 35 36 1 SPACE
SUB TOTAL / PHASE 6.096 5.196 5.252 5.412 5.088 5.304 SUB TOTAL /PHASE
MAIN BUS RATING : 100A
TOTAL / PHASE 11.508 10.284 10.556

CONNECTED LOAD ANALYSIS LOAD CURRENT : 47.18 AMPERES

MAIN BREAKER : 80AT / 100AF MCCB
R : 11.508 kVA SUPPLIED FROM : DB-A
Y : 10.284 kVA FEEDING FROM : TOP
B : 10.556 kVA MAIN FEEDER : 4x25mm² +16mm²E in CABLE TRAY
TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS : 32.348 kVA
NEUTRAL BUS RATING = 100%
20% SPARE : 38.818 kVA GROUND BUS RATING = 50%

80% DEMAND FACTORS : 31.054 kVA

27 | P a g e
3.2 OVER-CURRENT PROTECTION AND CONDUCTOR SIZE
DETERMINATION

Over Current Protection Devices (OCPD) – The over current

protective devices definitions are extracted from NEC 2011 Articles
100 page 32. A devices intended to provide limited overcurrent
protection for specific applications and utilization equipment such as
luminaires and appliances. This limited protection is in addition to
the protection provided in the required branch circuit by the branch-
circuit over current protective device. A device capable of providing
protection for services, feeder and branch circuits and equipment
over full range of over currents between its rated current and its
interrupting current rating. Branch-circuit over current protective
devices are provided with interrupting ratings appropriate for the
intended use but no less than 5000 amperes.

The over current protection is based on the following local and

international standards:

a. National Electrical Code NFPA 70 (2011 edition)

b. BS7671 (IEE wiring regulation 17th edition)

c. SAES Saudi Aramco Engineering Standard

According to IEE wiring regulation, circuit protection rating shall be

rated and/or selected as per below;
28 | P a g e
 IP ≥ IFLC (First Criteria)

According to Article 215.3 NEC 2011, where a feeder supplies

continuous loads or any combination of continuous and non-
continuous loads, the rating of the overcurrent devices shall not be
less than the continuous load plus 125 percent of the continuous
load.

Continuous loads = A load where the maximum current is expected

to continue for 3 hours or more, Article 100, Definitions, NEC 2011

Therefore;

Ip = 125% of IC + INC, and select next larger standard rating

(Second criteria, these criteria commonly used for branch circuit)

Where;

IP - Circuit protection rating (A)

IFLC - Load urrent (A)

IC - Continuous load current (A)

INC - Non-continuous load current (A)

3.2.A Tabulated Continuous Loads of the Building

Qty. Description Loads in kVA

35 Typical Offices 550m² (Lightings, Power 52.631

29 | P a g e
 outlets and Water heaters) for tenant’s
(PP-T)

1 PP-C1 (Mezzanine Floor GF) 40.349

1 LP-EX (Power supply for lighting points 31.751

in Ground floor corridor and Lobby)

1 PP-B (Power supply for Mezzanine Floor) 43.672

1 PP-P1 (Power supply for Ground Flr. 31.054

parking lighting points) Location GF

1 PP-P2 (Power supply for First Flr. 24.826

parking lighting points) Location GF

1 PP-P2 (Power supply for 2nd Floor and 21.110

3rd Flr. parking lighting points) Location
GF

2 FAHU 22

3 Chiller Machine 675

Table 2 - Tabulated continuous loads

Note: All lighting points at corridor area from Ground Floor to

18th Floor considered as a continuous load

3.2.B Tabulated Non-Continuous Loads of the Building

Qty. Description Loads in kVA

7 PP-C to G (typical) power outlets for 25.236

service loads (From Mezzanine to 18th
Floor.

1 PP-H (Attic Floor) 40.804

5 Elevator (Offices) Grnd Flr. to Attic Flr. 12

30 | P a g e
 2 Water pump (WCP) 10.625

2 Pressurize Fan 11.25

2 Elevator Parking Area 8

1 Jockey Pump 15

1 Fire Pump 186.25

10 Chilled Water Pumps 10.416

Table 3 - Tabulated non-continuous loads

The following electrical formulas are used in obtaining the design

current of branch circuit, sub-main and main branch circuits;

Three phase supply formula:

𝑃 𝑥 1000 𝑘𝑉𝐴
IFLC = or
√3 𝑥 𝑉
√3 𝑥 𝑉 𝑥 𝑝𝑓

IFLC = Load current it either taken from Continuous load plus

Non-continuous load

Where;

IFLC – Load Current (A)

P – Total Demand Load (kW)

31 | P a g e
 V – Phase to phase voltage (V)

pf – Power factor

The conductor sizing determination shall be based on temperature

rating as per article 110.14(C) NEC2011, and it shall be associated
maximum voltage drop of 5%.

32 | P a g e
110.14(C) NEC 2011 Temperature Limitation. The temperature
rating as associated with the ampacity of a conductor shall be
selected and coordinated so as not to exceed the lowest
temperature rating of any connected termination, conductor, or
device. Conductor with temperature rating higher than specified for
terminations shall be permitted to be used for ampacity adjustment,
correction, or both.

Article 110.14(C)(b)(2) Conductors with higher temperature ratings,

provided the ampacity of such conductors does not exceed the 75˚C
(167˚F) ampacity of the conductor size used, or up to their
ampacity if the equipment is listed and identified for use with such
conductors.

The formula in calculating the de-rated current carrying capacity of

cables in amperes when the cable is exceed as mentioned in Article
110.14(C)(b)(2) NEC 2011 (It) is shown below:

Article 110.14(C)(b)(2) NEC 2011

𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑(𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑠)
Conductor ampacity = Percent adjustment factor
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 310.15(𝐵)(2𝑏)

33 | P a g e
34 | P a g e
Table 4 - Current carrying capacity installed in ground

35 | P a g e
Table 5 - Current carrying capacity in installed in air

36 | P a g e
Table 6 - Group factor installed in cable tray

37 | P a g e
38 | P a g e
Table 7 - Ground thermal resistivity factor of the cable

39 | P a g e
40 | P a g e
Table 8 - Resistance and Reactance of the cable

41 | P a g e
42 | P a g e
Table 9- from table 2, 310.15(B)(2)(B) NEC for applying adjustment
factor

43 | P a g e
Summary of feeder voltage drop design criteria compliant to
the Article 215.2(A)(1)(b) Information note no.2, NEC

Figure 4 - Voltage Drop design Criteria

44 | P a g e
3.2.1 Distribution Board (DB-Lighting and Power loads)

A. Offices 35 (PP-T35 (Typical loads for offices)

(550m² South & North Wings)

As per SAES-P-116 (15.1 and 2) and client requirements

panelboard shall be consist of 20% future loads, 10% spare breaker
and 10% pole space;

TCL = 54.824 kVA

TCL + 20% for future = 65.788 kVA

TDL = TCL x 0.8DF = 52.631 kVA

Using 3 Phase formula:

Formula 1 - 3 phase formula

P x 1000 kVA
IFLC = or
√3 x Vx pf √3 x V

45 | P a g e
 52.631kVA
IFLC = = 75.96A
√3 x 400V

A.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC (First Criteria)

IP ≥ IFLC ≥ 75.96A

Use 100AT/100AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit breaker

(MCCB at PP-T) over current protection device at Meter canter-2
side 100AT/100AF, same 100AT/100AF as main disconnect at DB
panel.

A.2 Cable size determination

Minimum conductor required is equal to load current IFLC x 125%

plus applying the adjustment factor and consideration of voltage
drop calculation to obtain the exact size of the cable.

Conductor de-rating factor;

Assume 1set-4Cx50mm² XLPE cable in cable tray = 205A capacity

𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑(𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑠)
A. Conductor ampacity = Percent adjustment factor , (per NEC)
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 310.15(𝐵)(2𝑏)

46 | P a g e
 B. Conductor ampacity x STR & GT x GLF, per recommended
of Riyadh cable manufacturer

Where;

STR – Soil thermal resistivity per table-4 page 27

GT – Ground Temperature table-4 page 27

GLF - Group load factor per table-3 page 28

75.96A
205A = , 205 A = 90.43A, NEC Version (A)
0.84

However from table 7 above and table 2, 10.15(B)(2)(B)(3) NEC,

since using underground conductor XLPE cable adjustment factor is
equal one (1) or negligible due to cable temperature and ambient
temperature.

Solving for voltage drop of office 35 PP-T35 Panel:

Using voltage drop formula recommended from the cable catalogue

47 | P a g e
Formula 2 - Voltage drop formula

Vd = √[Link].L(RcosФ + XsinФ)

Where;

Vd – Voltage drop

IFLC – Load Current (A)

L – Length of the cable (km)

R – AC Resistance of the cable (Ω/km)

X – Reactance of the cable (Ω/km)

Ф – Power factor angle of the circuit

Given:

IFLC = 75.96 A

R= 0.494 Ω/km from the table 6 page 29

48 | P a g e
 X= 0.098 Ω/km from the table 6 page 29

L= 204 meters

Ф= 0.85 power factor angle of the circuit assume and as

per required of building specification and SEC DPS

page 68 of 90

Assume 1set-4Cx50mm² XLPE cable in cable tray, minimum size of

cable.

205A x 1 x 1 x 0.87 = 178.35 A de-rating capacity of cable (B)

Solution:

Using voltage drop formula

Vd = √3 .IFLC.L(RcosФ + XsinФ)

𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 0.85 = 31.788˚

Vd = √3𝑥75.96𝐴𝑥0.204km(0.494Ω/kmx0.85 + 0.098Ω/kmxsin31.788˚)

Vd = √3𝑥79.96𝐴𝑥0.204(0.494 x 0.85 + 0.098 x 0.52677)

Vd = √3𝑥75.96A𝑥0.204(0.4199 + j0.0516)

Vd = √3𝑥75.96𝑥0.204(0.423∠7.0057˚)

Vd = 11.35∠7.0057˚ V

49 | P a g e
 𝑽𝒅
% voltage drop = x 100
𝑺𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆

𝟏𝟏.𝟑𝟓 𝐕
% voltage drop = x 100 = 2.84%
𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝐕

Therefore: from maximum load current Ib ≥ 75.96A is compatible of

1set-4Cx50mm²+25mm² G insulated, XLPE with 178.35 A de-rated
capacity at 90°C maximum operating temperature, minimum size of
cable with consideration of voltage drop is adequate for PP-T5 Panel
at farthest distance of 204 Meters length of the cable. This cable
size is applicable for all offices 1 to 35 units and any relevant power
in this report.

B. (PP-C1 & C2) for Cafeteria & Mezzanine

TCL = 42.030 kVA

TCL + 20% for future = 50.349 kVA

TDL = TCL x 0.8DF = 40.349 kVA

Using 3 Phase formula:

IFLC = 40.349kVA
√3 x 400V
= 58.3 A

B.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

50 | P a g e
IP ≥ IFLC (First Criteria)

IP ≥ IFLC ≥ 58.3 A

Use 80AT/100AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit breaker

(MCCB at PP-C1 & C2) over current protection device at Meter
canter side same 80AT/100AF as main disconnect at DB panel.

B.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

C. (PP-P2) Ground floor

TCL = 25.860 kVA

TCL + 20% for future = 31.032 kVA

TDL = TCL x 0.8DF = 24.826 kVA

Using 3 Phase formula:

24.826 kVA
IFLC = = 35.83 A
√3 x 400 V

C.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC (First Criteria)

51 | P a g e
IP ≥ IFLC ≥ 35.83 A

Use 60AT/100AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit breaker

(MCCB at PP-P2) over current protection device at SDB-A same
60AT/100AF as main disconnect at DB panel.

C.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

D. (PP-P3) Ground floor

TCL = 21.99kVA

TCL + 20% for future = 26.388 kVA

TDL = TCL x 0.8DF = 21.110 kVA

Using 3 Phase formula:

21.110 kVA
IFLC = √3 x 400 V
= 30.47 A

D.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC (First Criteria)

52 | P a g e
IP ≥ IFLC ≥ 30.47 A

Use 60AT/100AF, 4pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit breaker

(MCCB at PP-P3) over current protection device at SDB-A same
60AT/100AF as main disconnect at DB panel.

D.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

E. (PP-P1) Ground Floor

TCL = 32.348 kVA

TCL + 20% for future = 38.818 kVA

TDL = TCL x 0.8DF = 31.054 kVA

Using 3 Phase formula:

31.054 kVA
IFLC = = 44.83 A
√3 x 400 V

E.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC (First Criteria)

53 | P a g e
IP ≥ IFLC ≥ 44.83 A

Use 60AT/100AF, 4pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit breaker

(MCCB at PP-P1) over current protection device at SDB-A same
60AT/100AF as main disconnect at DB panel.

E.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

F. (PP-A) Ground Floor

TCL = 55.869 kVA

TCL + 20% for future = 67.043 kVA

TDL = TCL x 0.8DF = 53.634 kVA

Using 3 Phase formula:

53.634kVA
IFLC = √3 x 400V
= 77.41 A

54 | P a g e
F.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC (First Criteria)

IP ≥ IFLC ≥ 77.41 A

Use 100AT/100AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit breaker

(MCCB at PP-A) over current protection device at SDB-A side same
100AT/100AF as main disconnect at DB panel.

F.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

G. (PP-B) Mezzanine Floor

TCL = 45.492 kVA

TCL + 20% for future = 54.590 kVA

TDL = TCL x 0.8DF = 43.672 kVA

Using 3 Phase formula:

IFLC = 43.672kVA
√3 x 400V
= 63 A

55 | P a g e
G.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC (First Criteria)

IP ≥ IFLC ≥ 63 A

Use 100AT/100AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit breaker

(MCCB at PP-B) over current protection device at SDB-A side same
100AT/100AF as main disconnect at DB panel.

G.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

H. (LP-EX) Ground Floor

TCL = 26.459 kVA

TCL + 20% for future = 31.751 kVA

TDL = TCL x 100%DF = 31.751 kVA

Using 3 Phase formula:

IFLC = 31.751kVA
√3 x 400V
= 45.83 A

56 | P a g e
H.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ Iflc (First Criteria)

IP ≥ IFLC ≥ 45.83 A

Use 60AT/100AF, 4pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit breaker

(MCCB at LP-EX) over current protection device at SDB-A same
60AT/100AF as main disconnect at DB panel.

H.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

I. (PP-C to G) from 3rd to 15th Floor (Typical) as shown in

the riser single line diagram

TCL = 26.287 kVA

TCL + 20% for future = 31.544 kVA

TDL = TCL x 100%DF = 25.236 kVA

Using 3 Phase formula:

57 | P a g e
IFLC = 25.236kVA
√3 x 400V
= 36.4 A

I.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC (First Criteria)

IP ≥ IFLC ≥ 36.4 A

Use 60AT/100AF, 4pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit breaker

(MCCB at C to G) over current protection device at SDB-A same
60AT/100AF as main disconnect at DB panel.

I.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

J. (PP-H) Attic Floor

TCL = 42.504 kVA

TCL + 20% for future = 51.005 kVA

TDL = TCL x 0.8DF = 40.804 kVA

Using 3 Phase formula:

58 | P a g e
 40.804kVA
IFLC = = 58.89 A
√3 x 400V

J.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC (First Criteria)

IP ≥ IFLC ≥ 58.89 A

Use 80AT/100AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit breaker

(MCCB at PP-A) over current protection device at SDB-A side same
80AT/100AF as main disconnect at DB panel.

J.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule.

3.2.2 Elevators Electrical Data

K. Elevator 1 to 5 inside of the building

Elevator electrical data Courtesy of Mitsubishi Electric

59 | P a g e
Table 10 - Elevator Electrical Load Capacity

TCL = 12 kVA

In ≥ Ib ≥ 27 A

K.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

Ip ≥ Iflc (First Criteria)

Ip ≥ Iflc ≥ 27 A

Use 40AT/100AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit breaker

(MCCB at EMDB) and 50A disconnect switch installed at the Attic
floor elevator area.

K.2 Cable size determination

60 | P a g e
Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

L. Elevator 6 to 7 at parking area

Elevator electrical data at (Table 8)

TCL = 8 kVA

IP ≥ IFLC ≥ 19 A

L.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC (First Criteria)

IP ≥ IFLC ≥ 19 A

Use 30AT/100AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit breaker

(MCCB at EMDB) and 30AT disconnect switch installed at the 3 rd
floor elevator parking area.

L.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

61 | P a g e
3.2.3 Pumps Electrical Data

M. Fire pump

62 | P a g e
Figure 5 - Inside the pump room area, this photo was taken after
testing and commissioning the fire pump or firefighting system of
the building.

[Link] Fire pump data:

200 HP, 149.2 kW, 3560 RPM, 400 V, 3Phase, 60Hz

365A FLC, 94.5 EFF, 1.15 SF

63 | P a g e
Figure 6 - Fire pump Actual Nameplate Rating

[Link] M.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

Refer to [Link] (a) PEC 2009, Rating or setting of Overcurrent

Protective devices. The long-time trip element setting of breaker or
the minimum trip setting of an electronically actuated fuse shall not
exceed six times the ampacity of the conductor.

IP ≥ IFLC x 600%

IP = 365 A x 6 = 2190 A

IP ≥ IB ≥ 2000 A

Use 2000AT/2500AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded Case Circuit

breaker MCCB at EMDB load side and 2000A disconnect switch
installed at the floor fire pump room area.
64 | P a g e
Note: Fire Pumps Power supply should be connected direct to the
transformer.

M.2 Cable size determination for fire pump

Solving of voltage drop:

Using formula of voltage drop calculation for 3 Phase power supply;

Vd = √3IbL(RcosФ + XsinФ)

Given:
65 | P a g e
 IFLC = 365 A = 365 A x 125% = 456.25 Amps minimum

requirements of the cable capacity

R= 1.466 Ω/km from the table

X= 0.106 Ω/km from the table

L= 31 meters

Ф= 0.85 power factor angle of the circuit assume

Assume 2set-4Cx120mm² XLPE cable in cable tray, minimum size of

cable, since it is 2 parallel cable, voltage drop calculation properties
shall be divide in to 2 numbers.

De-rated capacity= 346A x 1 x 1 x 0.87 = 301.02A

Solution:

√3𝑥365A𝑥0.031km(0.197/kmx0.85+0.091/kmxsin31.788˚)
Vd =
2

√3𝑥365𝑥0.031(0.197x0.85+0.091x0.52677)
Vd =
2

√3𝑥365𝑥0.031(0.174∠15.97˚)
Vd =
2

Vd = 1.71∠15.97˚ V

𝟏.𝟕𝟏𝐕
% voltage drop = x 100 = 0.43%
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝐕

66 | P a g e
Therefore: from maximum load current Ib ≥ 365A is compatible of
2set-4Cx120mm²+70mm² insulated, XLPE with 602.04A total de-
rated capacity combined at 90°C maximum operating temperature,
minimum size of cable with consideration of voltage drop is
adequate for fire pump at a distance of 31 meters

[Link] N. Jokey pump

Given:

TCL = 12 kW

SF = 1.15

PF = 0.80

EF = 0.90

Using 3 Phase formula:

67 | P a g e
 P x 1000 kVA
IFLC = or
√3 x V x pf √3 x V

12 x 1000
IFLC =
√3 x 400 x0.8x.9

IFLC = 24.1 A

[Link] N.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC x 600% Long time trip setting of circuit breaker

IP ≥ 24.1 A x 6

IP ≥ 144.6 A

Use 150AT/200AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit breaker

(MCCB at EMDB) and 150AT disconnect switch installed at the Pump
room GF.

N.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

O. FAHU-1 2nd Floor and FAHU-2 Attic floor

TCL = 22 kVA

68 | P a g e
Using 3 Phase formula:

22 kVA
IFLC = = 31.75 A
√3 x 400 V

O.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC x 1.25

IP ≥ 31.75 A x 1.25

IP ≥ 39.7 A

Use 60AT/100AF, 4pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit breaker

MCCB at MDB-1 with disconnect switch near on each unit 100A non-
fusible 4pole + G wall mounted IP 65

O.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

P. Water Pump (WP CP-1 & 2)

Given:

TCL = 8.5 kW

SF = 1
69 | P a g e
PF = 0.80 EF = 0.95

Using 3 Phase formula:

P x 1000 kVA
IFLC = or
√3 x V x pf √3 x V

8.5 x 1000
IFLC =
√3 x 400 x0.8x0.95

IFLC = 16.14 A

P.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC x 250% Inverse Time Circuit Breaker per Table 430.52 NEC
2014

IP ≥ 16.14 A x 250%

IP ≥ 41 A

70 | P a g e
Table 11 – Extracted from NEC 2014 Table 430.52, Percentage
Multiplier of Motor Over-Current Protection Devices (OCPD)

Overload protection determination (OL)

OL = IFLC x SF

= 16.14 x 1.15

= 19.55 A, Therefore overload protection to be fixed of 20A

71 | P a g e
Use 40AT/100AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit breaker
(MCCB at EMDB) and 50AT disconnect switch installed at the ground
floor water pump room area

P.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

Q. Pressurization fan and Exhaust fan (3 Fans)

Given:

TCL = 9 kW

SF = 1

PF = 0.80 EF = 0.9

Using 3 Phase formula:

P x 1000 kVA
IFLC = or
√3 x V x pf √3 x V

9 x 1000
IFLC =
√3 x 400 x0.8x0.9

IFLC = 18.05A

72 | P a g e
Q.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC x 175%

IP ≥ 18.05 A x 1.75

IP ≥ 31.6 A

Overload protection determination (OL)

OL = IFLC x SF

= 18.05 x 1.15

= 20.76 A,Therefore overload protection to be fixed of 21 A

Use 40AT/100AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit breaker

(MCCB at EMDB) and 40A, 4pole+G disconnect switch installed at
the attic floor pump room area

Q.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

R. Chilled Water Pump Control Panel

73 | P a g e
Given:

CWP = 7.5kW (10 Pcs typical size)

TCL = 7.5 kW

SF = 1.15

PF = 0.80 EF = 0.9

Using 3 Phase formula:

P x 1000 kVA
IFLC = or
√3 x V x pf √3 x V

7.5 x 1000
IFLC =
√3 x 400 x0.8x0.9

IFLC = 15.04 A

R.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC x 175% Time Delay fuse rating per Table 430.52 NEC2014

IP ≥ 15.04 A x 1.75
74 | P a g e
IP ≥ 26.32 A

Overload protection determination (OL)

OL = IFLC x SF (115% service factor multiply by 125%)

= 15.04 x 1.25

= 18.8 A, Therefore overload protection to be fixed of 19 A

Use 30AT/100AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit breaker

(MCCB) over current protection device install at CWP-CP

Solving for CWP-Control Panel main overload protection devices

Hence: 10-7.5kW CWP, Ib = 15.04 A

IP ≥ IFLC x 10

IP ≥ 15.04 A x 10 = 150.4 A

IP ≥ 150.4 A Select next larger standard OCPD

Use 200AT/250AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded Case Circuit Breaker

(MCCB) main over current protection device at CWP-CP with 200A
disconnect switch 4pole-G, and 200AT/250AF as main disconnect at
MDB-1

R.2 Cable size determination

75 | P a g e
Solving of voltage drop from CWP-CP to farthest location of pumps
at 15 meters:

Using formula of voltage drop calculation for 3 Phase power supply;

Vd = √3IbL(RcosФ + XsinФ)

Given:

IFLC = 15.04A

R= 3.93 Ω/km from the table

X= 0.121 Ω/km from the table

L= 15 meters

Ф= 0.85 power factor angle of the circuit assume

Assume 1set-4Cx6mm² XLPE cable in cable tray, minimum size of

cable.

De-rated capacity = 64A x 1 x 1 x 0.98 = 62.72A

Solution:

Vd = √3𝑥15.04A𝑥0.015km(3.93Ω/kmx0.85 + 0.121Ω/kmxsin31.788˚)

Vd = √3𝑥15.04𝑥0.015(3.93x0.85 + 0.121x0.52677)

Vd = √3𝑥15.04𝑥0.015(3.34∠1.097˚)

Vd = 1.3∠1.097˚ V

𝟏.𝟑𝐕
% voltage drop = x 100 = 0.33%
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝐕
76 | P a g e
Therefore: from maximum load current Ib ≥ 15.04A is compatible of
1set-4Cx6mm²+10mm² G insulated, XLPE with 62.72A de-rated
capacity at 90°C maximum operating temperature, minimum size of
cable with consideration of voltage drop are adequate for chilled
water pump power supply at a farthest distance of 15 meters length
of the cable from CWP to Control Panel.

Solving of voltage drop for feeder cable from MDB-1 to CWP-

Control Panel

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

S. Chiller 1, 2, 3 & 4 (Typical)

TCL = 675 kVA

Using 3 Phase formula:

675 kVA
IFLC = = 974.3 A
√3 x 400 V

S.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

77 | P a g e
IP ≥ IFLC

IP ≥ 974.3 A

Use 1000AT/2000AF, 4pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded Case Circuit

Breaker at MDB-2 & 3 and disconnect switch near at each unit
1000A non-fusible 4pole + G free stand mounted IP 65

S.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

T. Sub-Distribution Board – A (SDB-A)

Table 12 - Tabulated Loads for SDB-A

CONNECTED TOTAL CONNECTED

QTY. DESCRIPTION
LOADS kVA LOADS kVA

1 PP-A 55.87 55.87

1 PP-B 45.49 45.49

5 PP-C TO PP-G 25.236 126.18

1 PP-H 42.50 45.50

1 PP-P1 32.35 32.35

1 PP-P2 25.86 25.86

78 | P a g e
 1 PP-P3 21.99 21.99

1 LP-EX 25.41 25.41

TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS = 378.65 kVA

TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS + 20% SPARE = 454.38 kVA

APPLY 80% DEMAND FACTOR = 363.504 kVA

Using 3 Phase formula:

P x 1000 kVA
IFLC = or
√3 x V x pf √3 x V

363.604 x 1000
IFLC =
√3 x 400

IFLC = 524.7 A

T.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC

IP ≥ 524.7 A

Use 800AT/1200AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded Case Circuit Breaker

(MCCB) over current protection device of SDB-A, same rating
800AT/1200AF as main disconnect at MDB-1 panel.

T.2 Cable size determination

79 | P a g e
Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

U. Emergency Main Distribution Board – (EMDB)

Table 13 - Tabulated Loads for EMDB

CONNECTED TOTAL CONNECTED

QTY. DESCRIPTION
LOADS kVA LOADS kVA

ELEV. ATTIC
5 12 60
FLR

2 WCP-1 & 2 10.625 21.25

2 PRESS. FAN 11.25 22.5

2 ELEV. PARKING 8 16

1 JOCKEY PUMP 15 15

1 FIRE PUMP 186.25 186.25

TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS = 321 kVA

TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS + 20% SPARE = 385.2 kVA

TCL AT 80% DEMAND FACTOR = 308.16 kVA

Using 3 Phase formula:

P x 1000 kVA
IFLC = or
√3 x V x pf √3 x V

80 | P a g e
 308.16 x 1000
IFLC =
√3 x 400

IFLC = 444.79 A

U.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC

IP ≥ 444.79 A

Use 700AT/1200AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded Case Circuit Breaker

(MCCB) over current protection device of EMDB, same rating
700AT/1000AF as main disconnect via ATS to MDB-1 panel.

U.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

V. Main Distribution Board – (MDB-1)

Table 14 - Tabulated Loads for MDB-1

QTY. DESCRIPTION DEMAND TOTAL DEMAND

81 | P a g e
 LOADS kVA LOADS kVA

1 SDB-A 363.504 363.504

1 EMDB 308.16 308.16

1 CWP-CP 104 104

2 FAHU 1 & 2 22 44

1 EXHAUST FAN 9 9

TOTAL DEMAND LOADS = 828.664 kVA

TOTAL DEMAND LOADS + 20% SPARE = 165.74 kVA

TOTAL DEMAND LOADS = 994.4 kVA

Using 3 Phase formula:

P x 1000 kVA
IFLC = or
√3 x V x pf √3 x V

994.4 x 1000
IFLC =
√3 x 400

IFLC = 1435.3 A

V.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC

IP ≥ 1435.3 A

82 | P a g e
Use 2500AT/3000AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded Case Circuit
Breaker (MCCB) over current protection device of MDB-1, adjusted
setting to 1500A tripping level.

V.2 Cable size determination

Solving of voltage drop:

Using formula of voltage drop calculation for 3 Phase power supply;

√3IbL(RcosФ + XsinФ
Vd = √3IbL(RcosФ + XsinФ) 𝑜𝑟
N

N = number of cable

Given:

IFLC = 1435.3A

R= 0.0993 Ω/km from the table

X= 0.090 Ω/km from the table

L= 34 meters

Ф= 0.85 power factor angle of the circuit assume

Assume 6set-4Cx240mm² XLPE cable in cable trench direct buried,

minimum size of cable to maximize the induce current capacity of
the transformer

De-rated capacity per cable = 511A x 1 x 0.98 x 0.87 = 435.68A

Solution:
83 | P a g e
 √3x1435.3Ax0.034km(0.0993Ω/kmx0.85+0.090Ω/kmxsin31.788˚)
Vd =
6

√3x1435.3x0.034(0.0993x0.85+0.090x0.52677)
Vd =
6

√3𝑥1435.3𝑥0.034(0.0966∠29.11˚)
Vd =
6

Vd = 1.4∠79.9˚ V

𝟏.𝟒𝐕
% voltage drop = x 100 = 0.35%
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝐕

Therefore: from maximum load current Ib ≥ 1435.3A is compatible

of 6set - 4Cx240mm²+240mm² G insulated, XLPE with 2614.1A
total de-rated capacity of the cable at 90°C maximum operating
temperature, minimum size of cable with consideration of voltage
drop and direct buried to the soil with group factor are adequate for
MDB-1 at a 34 meters length of the cable, this calculation is
applicable for direct buried installation of cables.

W. Main Distribution Board 2 & 3 – (MDB-2 & 3 TYPICAL)

Table 15 - Tabulated Loads for MDB-2 & MDB-3

DEMAND TOTAL DEMAND

QTY. DESCRIPTION
LOADS kVA LOADS kVA

1 CHILLER-1 675 675

84 | P a g e
 1 CHILLER-2 675 675

TOTAL DEMAND LOADS = 1350 kVA

Using 3 Phase formula:

P x 1000 kVA
IFLC = or
√3 x V x pf √3 x V

1350 x 1000
IFLC =
√3 x 400

IFLC = 1948.6 A

W.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC

IP ≥ 1948.6 A

Use 2500AT/3000AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded Case Circuit

Breaker (MCCB) over current protection device of MDB-2 & 3, adjust
setting to 2000A tripping level.

W.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

X. Meter Center-1

85 | P a g e
Table 16 - Tabulated Loads for Meter Center-1

DEMAND TOTAL DEMAND

QTY. DESCRIPTION
LOADS kVA LOADS kVA

21 PP-T 52.631 1105.251

2 PP-C 40.03 80.06

TOTAL DEMAND LOADS = 1185.311 kVA

TOTAL DEMAND LOADS + 20% SPARE = 1422.37 kVA

APPLY 80% DEMAND FACTOR = 1137.9 kVA

Using 3 Phase formula:

P x 1000 kVA
IFLC = or
√3 x V x pf √3 x V

1137.9 x 1000
IFLC =
√3 x 400

IFLC = 1642.42 A

X.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC

IP ≥ 1642.42 A

86 | P a g e
Use 2500AT/3000AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit
breaker (MCCB) over current protection device of Meter Center-1
adjusted setting to 2000A tripping level.

X.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

Y. Meter Center-2

Table 17 - Tabulated Loads for Meter center-2

DEMAND TOTAL DEMAND

QTY. DESCRIPTION
LOADS kVA LOADS kVA

14 PP-T 52.631 876.834

TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS = 736 kVA

TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS + 20% SPARE = 884.2 kVA

TCL AT 80% DEMAND FACTOR = 707.4 kVA

Using 3 Phase formula:

P x 1000 kVA
IFLC = or
√3 x V x pf √3 x V

707.4 x 1000
IFLC =
√3 x 400

87 | P a g e
IFLC = 1021 A

Y.1 Over current protection devices (OCPD)

IP ≥ IFLC

IP ≥ 1021 A

Use 1500AT/2000AF, 4Pole, 400V, 60Hz, Molded case circuit

breaker (MCCB) over current protection device of Meter Center-2
adjusted setting to 1300A tripping level.

Y.2 Cable size determination

Using the same method for cable size calculation and voltage drop
calculation is shown tabulated in 3.2.2, table-16 to table-21 page
67 to page 72, Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule

88 | P a g e
3.2.4 SUMMARY OF VOLTAGE DROP AND CABLE SCHEDULE

The summary of the voltage drop will be shown that the

maximum computed voltage drop of the feeders from the
transformers to each distribution boards (DB) end users
maintained the maximum of 3.5% Voltage drop, the 1.5%
remaining is serve as allotted from distribution board to
lightings and power outlets or any electrical utility that supply
by distribution board.

The main purpose is to ensure the design of cable sizing

should be associated obtaining the maximum 5% voltage
drop.

89 | P a g e
Table 18 - Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule - 1

90 | P a g e
91 | P a g e
Table 19 - Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule - 2

92 | P a g e
Table 20 - Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule - 3

93 | P a g e
94 | P a g e
Table 21 - Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule - 4

95 | P a g e
Table 22 - Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule - 5

96 | P a g e
97 | P a g e
Table 23 - Summary of voltage drop and cable schedule - 6

98 | P a g e
3.2.5 Methods of Grounding System Application and
Procedures

The purpose of this calculation is to determine the required number

of grounding electrodes to achieved an overall grounding resistance
from 1-5 Ω as mentioned in IEEE Std 142-2007, IEEE
Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial
Systems and ANSI/TIA-942, G.5.1.5 Building Grounding and
Lighting Protection Systems.

[Link] Grounding Calculation Procedures

Table 24 - Soil resistivity Value Extracted From H.V. Laboratory of

King Saud University.

For two ground rods:

Formula 3 - Two Ground Rods

ρ 4L ρ L2 2L4
R2GR>S = (ln -1) + (1 - + )
4πL a 4πs 3s2 5s4

For two ground rods, diameter of ring D, diameter of wire d,

99 | P a g e
Formula 4 - Two Grounds, Diameter of Ring D, Diameter of Wire d

ρ 8D 4D
RROW= (ln + ln )
2π D
2 d s

LO
Diameter of Ring of Wire, D =
π

Where:
R1GR, R2GR>S, R2GR<S, RROW = resistance in ohm (Ω)
ρ = soil resistivity in ohm-centimeter (Ω.m)
Lo = length of ring of wire in meter (m)
L = length of electrode in meter (m)
a = radius of electrode in meter (m)
s = spacing of ground electrode in meter (m)
D = diameter of Ring of Wire in meter (m)
d = diameter of wire in meter (m)

Below are the following data to be used in the calculation which is

based on the grounding design as shown in the illustration below:

100 | P a g e
101 | P a g e
Figure 7 - Grounding System Layout Plan

102 | P a g e
Grounding System Layout Plan – Al Khair Tower

103 | P a g e
Figure 8 - Grounding Installation Details

104 | P a g e
Installation Details

105 | P a g e
Grounding electrode conductor = 120mm2 bare copper

Ground electrode = 3 m x 19 mm copper clad steel ground rods

ρ = 4 Ω.m from Table 24

s = spacing as shown in the grounding system layout plan

Lo = 297.3 m

Lo 297.3
D= = = 94.63m
π ᴨ

S = 1 m (depth of grounding electrode conductor)

a = 0.0191

d = 0.014 m – Based on Saudi Cable Company

L = 3m (length of grounding electrode)

Calculating the ground resistance of Ring of Wire;

RT = R2GR(total) + RROW

ρ 8D 4D
RROW= (ln + ln )
2π D
2 d s

RROW = 0.0360482 Ω

ρ 4L ρ L2 2L4
R2GR>S = (ln -1) + (1 - + )
4πL a 4πs 3s2 5s4

R2GR>S1 = 0.636839 Ω

Using the same formula for other spacing provided, below is the
summary of the grounding resistance of each two grounding rods:

106 | P a g e
Item Description Resistance to Spacing in Total in
Ground (Ω) Meter Parallel

1 R2GR>S1 0.636839 5 1.570256274

2 R2GR>S2 0.636839 5 1.570256274

3 R2GR>S3 0.636839 5 1.570256274

4 R2GR>S4 0.584707 44.2 1.71025932

5 R2GR>S5 0.58581 38.3 1.707037663

6 R2GR>S6 0.597431 15.8 1.673834572

7 R2GR>S7 0.585266 41 1.708624925

8 R2GR>S8 0.585641 39.1 1.707530369

9 R2GR>S9 0.585136 41.7 1.709003498

10 R2GR>S10 0.58263 62.2 1.716356215

Table 25 - Summary of Grounding Resistance per Spacing

R2GR(total in Parallel) = 16.64341539 Ω

1 1 1
= +
RT R2GR(total) RROW

1
= 27.74066041 Ω
RT

RT = 0.0225 Ω

Therefore, RT is 0.0225 Ω, the grounding resistance calculated

based on the grounding design provided is admissible compared to
the acceptable grounding values as per ANSI/TIA-942, G.5.1.5
which is 1-5 ohms.

107 | P a g e
108 | P a g e
3.3 TRANSFORMER SIZE CALCULATION & OCPD

For sizing of transformer capacity, shall be coordinated and use

approved recommended transformer rating from Saudi Electricity
Company (SCECO).

1500 kVA, 3Phase, 13.8kV Primary, 400/230V Secondary 3Phase

60Hz, Oil type transformer is suitable.

Extracted from IEEE-Redbook, Chapter-2

109 | P a g e
Diversity factor: The ratio of the sum of the individual non-
coincident maximum demands of various subdivisions of the system
to the maximum demand of the complete system. The diversity
factor is always 1 or greater. The (unofficial) term diversity, as
distinguished from diversity factor refers to the percent of time
available that a machine, piece of equipment, or facility has its
maximum or nominal load or demand (i.e., a 70% diversity means
that the device in question operates at its nominal or maximum load
level 70% of the time that it is connected and turned on).

3.3.1 Transformer-1, Meter Center-2

Table 26 - Tabulated Loads for Meter Center -2

DEMAND TOTAL DEMAND

QTY. DESCRIPTION
LOADS kVA LOADS kVA

14 PP-T 62.631 876.834

TOTAL DEMAND LOADS = 876.834 kVA

TOTAL DEMAND LOADS + 20% SPARE = 1052.2 kVA

TCL AT 75% DIVERSITY FACTOR = 789.15 kVA

Evaluate for the compliance to the SCECO loads requirements of

transformer capacity = 789.15 kVA x 1.25 = 986.44 kVA

Therefore:

Use 1000 kVA, 3Phase, 13.8kV Primary Delta, 400/230V Secondary

3Phase 60Hz, Wye, Step-Down, Oil Immerse Type Transformer.

110 | P a g e
A. Determine the full load current (IFLC)) of the transformer

A.1 Full load current (IFLC) at primary side;

Using 3 Phase formula:

kVAx1000 1000 kVA

IFLC = , IFLC =
√3 x E √3 x 13.8kV

IFLC = 41.8A

Refer to table [Link](a) PEC 2009 Transformer rated impedance

not more than 6%, Primary protection over 600V fuse rating equal
to 300% of the rated current of the Transformer.

IFLC = 41.8A x 3 = 125.4A

Use OCPD:

IP ≥ 125A, 4Pole, 13.8kV

A.2 Full load current (IFLC) at secondary side;

kVAx1000 1000 kVA

IFLC = , IFLC =
√3 x E √3 x 0.4kV

IFLC = 1443.4A

Referring to NEC (National Electrical Code) Article 240.6 (A)

Fuses and Fixed Trip Circuit Breaker and PEC (Philippine

Electrical Code) Article [Link] for circuit breaker standard
ampere rating,

111 | P a g e
 Use OCPD:

IP ≥ IFLC ≥ 1500A, VCB, 4Pole

Note: Over current protection devices (OCPD) should be fully

coordinated with the total demand current at (Y.1 OCPD) which is
adjusted to 1300A tripping level, it is not only an over current
protection device but also cable protection.

3.3.2 Transformer-2

Table 27 - Tabulated Loads for Transformer - 2

DEMAND TOTAL DEMAND

QTY. DESCRIPTION
LOADS kVA LOADS kVA

1 SDB-A 363.504 363.504

1 EMDB 308.16 308.16

1 CWP-CP 104 104

2 FAHU 1 & 2 22 44

1 EXHAUST FAN 9 9

TOTAL DEMAND LOADS = 828.664 kVA

TOTAL DEMAND LOADS + 20% SPARE = 165.74 kVA

TOTAL DEMAND LOADS = 994.4 kVA

112 | P a g e
Evaluate for the compliance to the SCECO loads requirements of
transformer capacity = 994.4 kVA x 1.25 = 1243 kVA

Therefore:

Use 1500 kVA, 3Phase, 13.8kV Primary Delta, 400/230V Secondary

3Phase 60Hz, Wye, Step-Down, Oil Immerse Type Transformer.

A. Determine the full load current (IFLC)) of the transformer

A.1 Full load current (IFLC) at primary side;

Using 3 Phase formula:

kVAx1000 1500 kVA

IFLC = , IFLC =
√3 x E √3 x 13.8kV

IFLC = 62.76A x 3 = 188.28A

Use OCPD:

IP ≥ 200A, VCB, 3Pole, 13.8kV

A.2 Full load current (IFLC) at secondary side;

kVAx1000 1500 kVA

IFLC = , IFLC =
√3 x E √3 x 0.4kV

IFLC = 2165.06A

Use OCPD:

IP ≥ IFLC ≥ 2500A, VCB, 4Pole

113 | P a g e
Note: Over current protection devices (OCPD) should be fully
coordinated with the total demand current at (V.1 OCPD)

* Transformer 3, 4 and 5 are the same size of transformer 2

1500 kVA as shown in the riser single line diagram.

3.4 STANDBY GENERATOR SIZE CALCULATION & OCPD

As per building specification all essential loads as mentioned in the

tabulated loads are to be connected in standby Generator via ATS
as a redundancy or back-up power supply:

Table 28 - Tabulated Essential loads of the building

DEMAND TOTAL DEMAND

QTY. DESCRIPTION
LOADS kVA LOADS kVA

5 ELEV. ATTIC FLR 12 60

2 WCP-1 & 2 10.625 21.25

2 PRESS. FAN 11.25 22.5

2 ELEV. PARKING 8 16

1 JOCKEY PUMP 15 15

1 FIRE PUMP 186.25 186.25

114 | P a g e
TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS = 321 kVA

TOTAL CONNECTED LOADS + 20% SPARE = 385.2 kVA

TCL AT 80% DEMAND FACTOR = 308.16 kVA

Therefore:

Use 500 kVA, 3Phase, Wye, 60Hz, 400/230V, Generator and

compliant size as per building specification requirements.

A. Determine the full load current (IFLC)) of the generator

Using 3 Phase formula:

kVAx1000 500 kVA

IFLC = , IFLC =
√3 x E √3 x 400V

IFLC = 721.69A

Generator OCPD determination refer to SAES-P-113, Section

3.4.5(f) where a generator system is supplied with molded case-
main circuit breaker, the breaker shall have a continuous current
rating not exceeding 125% of the generator rated capacity.

IP ≥ IFLC x 125%

IP ≥ 721.69A x 125% ≥ 902.1A Use OCPD rating 1000A, MCCB,

4pole, 400V, 60Hz, adjusted to 900A

115 | P a g e
Figure 9 - Actual Generator installed name plate:

A.1 Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)

Hence:

Generator IFLC = 721.69A

Use:

900A ≥ 1000A ATS, 400V, 4Pole, Non-fusible or equal available

in the market.

3.4.1 Decrement Calculation for Generator

Hence: Total Essential Connected loads = 321 kVA per table 26

Assume 85% Decrement Factor

321 kVA x 85% = 272.85 kVA

272.85 kVA x 125% = 341.06 kVA

Therefore:

Use 400kVA, 3Phase, Wye, 60Hz, 400/230V, Generator size

recommended.
116 | P a g e
Note: With respect to the building specification and client
requirement, stated in the BOQ Generator size of the Al-Khair
Tower is equal 500kVA.

3.4.2 Generator Decrement Curve extracted from AKSA

Catalogue

Power Command generator sets include an overcurrent and short

circuit protection algorithm that is designed specifically for
alternator protection. The I2t portion of the curve is matched to the

Alternator provided on the genset. All breakers that include

instantaneous trips are susceptible to nuisance tripping under some
surge load conditions on a generator set. (Tripping that occurs due
to peak inrush current which is less than the thermal damage limit
of the alternator, but higher than the Instantaneous pickup setting.)

A final point: The natural reaction to a breaker trip (and generator

shutdown) by most operators would be to reset the breaker and
immediately restart the machine. If the fault were still present on
the machine, the machine could be damaged on the second
operation.

This is because the breaker would theoretically take the same time
to clear as on initial trip, but since the machine is at higher internal
temperatures at the start of the fault, it would reach a higher than
expected temperature, potentially damaging the machine. This
problem is present in all breakers, and most overcurrent relays.

117 | P a g e
Figure 10 - Generator Decrement Curve

118 | P a g e
3.4.3 Alternator Thermal Damage Curve with MCCB Trip
Curve

Figure 11 - Alternator Thermal Damage Curve with MCCB Trip Curve

Extracted from AKSA Generator Catalogue

119 | P a g e
3.4.4 Alternator Damage Curve

120 | P a g e
Figure 12 - Alternator Damage Curve

3.5 SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS SYMMETRICAL AND

ASYMMETRICAL

NEC 110.9, requires equipment intended to interrupt current at fault

level to have an interrupting rating sufficient for the current that
121 | P a g e
must be interrupted. This article emphasizes the difference between
clearing fault level currents and operating currents. Protective
devices such as fuses and circuit breakers are designed to clear
fault currents and, therefore, must have short circuit interrupting
ratings sufficient for all available fault levels. Equipment such as
contactors and switches have interrupting ratings for currents at
other than fault levels, such as normal current over-loads and
locked rotor currents.

PEC section 1.10.9 stated that “Equipment intended to interrupt

current at fault levels shall have an interrupting rating sufficient for
the nominal circuit voltage and the current that is available at the
line terminal of the equipment. Equipment intended to interrupt
current at other than fault levels shall have an interrupting rating at
nominal voltage sufficient for the current that must be interrupted.

The importance of determination of short-circuit or fault calculation

are to determine the adequate withstand rating of the electrical
equipment thermal and electromagnetic effects of the short-circuit
current and to protect equipment from the large mechanical forces
(maximum fault kA), and selecting ratings or setting for relay
coordination, types of short circuit, 3phase fault, line to line fault,
single line to ground fault and double line to ground fault.

3.5.1 Symmetrical 3-Phase short circuit current

determination

IIEE 241-1990 details the step-by-step procedure in doing short

circuit calculations which is as follows;

122 | P a g e
Step 1: Prepare a system single-line diagram, which is as shown in
electrical schematic diagram with limitations outlined.

Step 2: Decide on fault locations. Prospective fault currents will be

calculation in the following

a. Fault 1 (F1) – Fault at LVCB

b. Fault 2 (F2) – Fault at MDB1

c. Fault 3 (F3) – Fault at MCC Panel Chilled Water Pumps

d. Fault 4 (F4) – Fault at EMDB

Step 3: Prepare an impedance diagram. Convert all element

impedance to per unit using the following formulas;

For Utility:

Formula 5 - Utility Per Unit

MVAbase(new)
Z(source) =
MVAbase(given)

For Equipment:

Formula 6 - Equipment Per Unit

2
kVbase(given) MVAbase(new)
Zpu = Zpu(given)( kV ) (MVA )
base(new) base(given)

For Cables:
123 | P a g e
Formula 7 - Cable Impedance Per Unit

MVAbase)
Zpu = Zcable( )
kV2 base)

L MVAbase)
Zpu= (R + jX) ( )
N kV2 base)

Where:

Zpu = per unit impedance

MVAbase = base apparent power in MVA

kVAbase = base voltage in kV

L = Length of the cable (km)

R = AC Resistance of the cable (Ω/km)

X = Reactance of the cable (Ω/km)

N = Number of conductor

Notes:

a. The corresponding cable resistance (R) and (X) values

are taken from cable manufacturer’s given data, refer to

b. Motor reactance values per IEEE 141 are;

(a) Motor greater than 50 HP = 17%

(b) Motor 50HP below 25%

Step 4: Draw the equivalent Thevenin’s Impedance diagram

incorporating calculated per unit values.

124 | P a g e
Step 5: Simplify the impedance diagram into simplest form.

Step 6: Calculate the three phase symmetrical fault current by

applying Thevenin’s Theorem and the below formula:

Formula 8 - Three Phase Symmetrical Fault Current

kVAbase
I(3Фsc-sym) =
√3 x kVbase x ZT

Where:

I(3Фsc-sym) = symmetrical three phase fault current

kV base= base apparent power kVA

kVbase = base voltage kV

ZT = thevenin’s equavalent impedance

3.5.2 Preparation of single Line Diagram with fault Location

Refer to Electrical Schematic Diagram with indication of fault

location to be calculated as earlier mentioned.

3.5.3 Impedance Calculation (pu)

a. Impedance per unit (pu) calculation of utility

Base (given) Capacity: MVA base (given) = 500 MVA

125 | P a g e
 Base (given) Voltage: kV base (given) = 13.8 kV

Base (new) Capacity: MVA base (new) = 1.5 MVA

Base (new) Voltage: kV base (new) = 0.4 kV

Base (new) Current: Ibase (new) = 2.17 kA

Using formula for Utility:

MVAbase(new)
Z (source) =
MVAbase(given)

1.5 MVAbase(new)
Z (source) =
500 MVAbase(given)

Z (source) = + j0.003 pu

126 | P a g e
b. Impedance per unit (pu) calculation of Transformer

Figure 13 - Actual transformer name plate

Bases (new) Capacity: MVA base (new) = 1.5 MVA

Bases (new) Voltage: kV base (new) = 0.4 kV

Bases (given) calculation are:

Bases (given) Capacity: MVA base (given) = 1.5 MVA

127 | P a g e
Bases (given) Voltage: kV base (given) = 0.4 kV

Transformer Impedance Data (Reference: Actual Nameplate rating)

ZT = 5.61%, R = 0.00062 Ω

Hence:

2
kVbase(given) MVAbase(new)
Zpu-T = Zpu(given)( kV ) (MVA )
base(new) base(given)

0.4 2 1.5
Zpu-T = 0.0561 ( ) ( )
0.4 1.5

Zpu-T = +j0.0561 pu

Using Pythagorean Theorem as per actual nameplate:

Z 2 = R2 + X 2

0.05612 = 0.000622 + X 2

X = 0.0561 pu

c. Calculation per unit (pu) impedance of cables

Calculating impedance for cable C1 that feeds LVCB from

transformer to MDB1:

128 | P a g e
Feeder Size: 6set-(4Cx240mm² XLPE/PVC)

AC resistance at 90˚C (from table 5 cable catalogue): 0.0993 Ω/km

AC reactance at 90˚C (from table 5 cable catalogue): 0.090 Ω/km

Length of feeder: 34 meters = 0.034 km

Using Formula of Cables:

MVAbase)
Zpu = Zcable( )
kV2 base)

L MVAbase)
Zpu = (R + jX) ( )
N kV2 base)

0.034 1.5
Zpu-C1 = (0.0993 + j0.090) ( 6 ) ( 2)
0.4

Zpu-C1 = 0.0052753125 + j0.00478125 pu

Using the same method of calculation, the per unit impedances of

other feeders are calculated and tabulated in the table shown in
succeeding pages below, Reference resistance and reactance per
Riyadh cable catalogue at Table 5

Table 29 – Individual cable Impedance per unit

Description Size of (R) (XL) Length No. of Impedance per unit

ZL (pu)
Cable Ω/km Ω/km (kM) Set

Zpu-C1 240mm² 0.0993 0.09 0.034 6 0.005275 + j0.004781

Zpu-C2 120mm² 0.197 0.091 0.098 1 0.180994 + j0.083606

Zpu-C3 16mm² 1.466 0.106 0.2 1 2.74875 + j0.19875

Zpu-C4 25mm² 0.927 0.103 0.195 1 1.694672 + j0.188297

129 | P a g e
 Zpu-C5 120mm² 0.197 0.091 0.078 1 0.144056 + j0.066544

Zpu-C6-C14 6mm² 3.93 0.121 0.015 1 0.552656 + j0.017016

Zpu-C15 6mm² 3.93 0.121 0.006 1 0.221063 + j0.006806

Zpu-C16 185mm² 0.129 0.091 0.098 2 0.059259 + j0.041803

Zpu-C17 50mm² 0.494 0.098 0.021 1 0.097256 + j0.019294

Zpu-C18 25mm² 0.927 0.103 0.018 1 0.156431 + j0.017381

Zpu-C19 25mm² 0.927 0.103 0.025 1 0.217266 + j0.024141

Zpu-C20 25mm² 0.927 0.103 0.023 1 0.199884 + j0.022209

Zpu-C21 25mm² 0.927 0.103 0.021 1 0.182503 + j0.020278

Zpu-C22 50mm² 0.494 0.098 0.027 1 0.125044 + j0.024806

Zpu-C23 25mm² 0.927 0.103 0.041 1 0.356316 + j0.039591

Zpu-C24 25mm² 0.927 0.103 0.05 1 0.434531 + j0.048281

Zpu-C25 25mm² 0.927 0.103 0.059 1 0.512747 + j0.056972

Zpu-C26 25mm² 0.927 0.103 0.068 1 0.590963 + j0.065663

Zpu-C27 25mm² 0.927 0.103 0.077 1 0.669178 + j0.074353

Zpu-C28 50mm² 0.494 0.098 0.095 1 0.439969 + j0.087281

Zpu-C29 240mm² 0.0993 0.09 0.015 2 0.006982 + j0.006328

Zpu-C30 240mm² 0.0993 0.09 0.021 2 0.009775 + j0.008859

Zpu-C31 25mm² 0.927 0.103 0.215 1 1.868484 + j0.207609

Zpu-C32 25mm² 0.927 0.103 0.215 1 1.868484 + j0.207609

Zpu-C33 25mm² 0.927 0.103 0.215 1 1.868484 + j0.207609

Zpu-C34 25mm² 0.927 0.103 0.215 1 1.868484 + j0.207609

Zpu-C35 25mm² 0.927 0.103 0.215 1 1.868484 + j0.207609

Zpu-C36 16mm² 1.466 0.106 0.165 1 2.267719 + j0.163969

Zpu-C37 16mm² 1.466 0.106 0.2 1 2.74875 + j0.19875

Zpu-C38 16mm² 1.466 0.106 0.2 1 2.74875 + j0.19875

Zpu-C39 16mm² 1.466 0.106 0.08 1 1.0995 + j0.0795

Zpu-C40 16mm² 1.466 0.106 0.08 1 1.0995 + j0.0795

Zpu-C41 16mm² 1.466 0.106 0.028 1 0.384825 + j0.027825

Zpu-C42 16mm² 1.466 0.106 0.031 1 0.426056 + j0.030806

Zpu-C43 120mm² 0.197 0.091 0.098 2 0.090497 + j0.041803

130 | P a g e
 Zpu-C44 240mm² 0.0993 0.09 0.005 2 0.002327 + j0.002109

d. Calculation per unit (pu) impedance of Motors

Calculating impedance for Motor-1 (WP-CP2) shown in the single

line diagram located at ground floor water pump.

Given:

Motor rating: 8.5kW = 11.4Hp

400V, 3Phase, 60Hz

Assume 0.8 power factor

MVAbase(given) = 8.5kW = 10.625kVA = 0.010625MVA

MVAbase(new) = 1.5MVA

Average value of motor reactance extracted from IEEE 141

Motor greater than 50Hp = 17%

Motor 50Hp and below = 25%

Using Formula for Equipment:

2
kVbase(given) MVAbase(new)
Zpu = Zpu(given)( kV ) (MVA )
base(new) base(given)

0.4 2 1.5
Zpu-M1 = 0.25(0.4) (0.010625)

Zpu-M1 = j35.3 pu

131 | P a g e
Using the same method of calculation, impedances per unit of other
motors are calculated and tabulated in the table shown in
succeeding pages below.

Table 30 - Individual motor Impedance per unit

Moto Motor
Motor r subtransient
Description PF Zl (pu)
Capacity
(hp) reactance

(kW) (kVA)

10.62
Motor 1 8.5 5 0.8 11.4 25% + j35.3

10.62
Motor 2 8.5 5 0.8 11.4 25% + j35.3

Motor 3 12 15 0.8 16 25% + j25

149.
Motor 4 2 186.5 0.8 200 17% + j1.4

Motor 5-14 7.5 9.375 0.8 10 25% + j4

0.9
Elev. 1-5 11 12 2 15 25% + j31.3

Elev. 6-7 8.1 8 1 11 25% +j46.88

[Link] 1-2 9 11.25 0.8 12 25% + j33.3

E. Fan 7.2 9 0.8 9.7 25% +j41.67

FAHU 1-2 17.6 22 0.8 24 25% +j17.05

132 | P a g e
133 | P a g e
[Link] Electrical Single Line Riser Diagram of Al Khair Tower

134 | P a g e
135 | P a g e
Figure 14 - Electrical Riser Single Line Diagram with Excluded the Coverage of Fault Calculation

136 | P a g e
137 | P a g e
Figure 15 - Electrical Single Line Riser Diagram Coverage with Short Circuit Calculation

138 | P a g e
[Link] Electrical Single Line Diagram with Fault Locations

139 | P a g e
Figure 16 - Electrical Single Line Diagram with Fault Locations

140 | P a g e
[Link] System Impedance Diagram

141 | P a g e
Figure 17 - Impedance Diagram

142 | P a g e
Figure 18 - Simplified Impedance at point A to B

Solving Impedance (pu) at point A to B in series:

Zpu-(A-B) = Zpu-S + Zpu-Tx + Zpu-C1

= 0 + j0.003 + 0.00062 + j0.0561 + 0.0053 +j0.00478

Zpu-(A-B) = 0.005893125 + j0.06388125 pu

= 0.064153∠84.73˚ pu

Solving Impedance (pu) at point C to D combining series and

parallel:

143 | P a g e
Figure 19 - Simplified Impedance point C to D

Zpu (C-D) = Zpu-C2 + Zpu-D

Refer from table-25 Impedance value of the cables page 84 & 85

Zpu-C2 = 0.180994 + j0.083606 pu

Zpu-(C6,C15) = 0.552656 + j0.017016 (typical)

Refer from table-26 Impedance value of the motors page 87

M5-M14 = 0 + j4 (typical)

Solution:

Zpu (C-D) = Zpu-C2 + Zpu-D

0.552656+j0.017016+j4
Zpu (C-D) = 0.180994 + j0.083606 + ( )
10

Zpu (C-D) = 0.2363 + j0.4853076 pu

= 0.5398∠64.04 ˚ pu
144 | P a g e
Solving for equivalent impedance (pu) at point C’ combining series
and parallel:

Refer from table-25 Impedance value of the cables page 84 & 85

Zpu-C3 = 2.74875 + j0.198775 pu

Zpu-C4 = 1.694672 + j0.188297 pu

Zpu-C5 = 0.144056 + j0.066544 pu

Refer from table-26 Impedance value of the motors page 87

[Link] = j41.67 pu

FAHU1 = FAHU2 = j17.05 pu

Solution:

Zpu-C3,E.F

= 2.74875 + j0.198775 + j41.67

= 2.74875 + j41.87 pu

= 41.96∠86.25˚ pu

Zpu-C4,FAHU1

= 1.694672 + j0.188297 + j17.05

= 1.694672 + j17.8583 pu

= 17.94∠84.58˚ pu

145 | P a g e
Zpu-C5,FAHU2

= 0.144056 + j0.066544 + j17.05

= 0.144056 + j17.116544 pu

= 17.12∠89.52˚ pu

Apply Thevenin’s Theorem;

Figure 20 - Simplified Impedance point C’

Solution:

Zpu-C’ = Zpu-C3,E.F + Zpu-C4,FAHU1 + Zpu-C5,FAHU2

1
Zpu-C’ = 1 1 1
+ +
41.96∠86.25˚ 17.94∠84.58˚ 17.12∠89.52˚

1
=
0.023832∠−86.25˚+ 0.0556∠−84.58˚+ 0.05842∠−89.52˚

1
=
0.001559−j0.023781 + 0.005252−j0.0554 + 0.0008942−j0.0585

146 | P a g e
 1 1
= =
0.0077052−j0.137681 0.1379∠−86.797˚

Zpu-C’ = 7.252∠86.797˚ = 0.4051967+j7.240672 pu

Solving Impedance (pu) at point E to F combining series and

parallel:

Apply Thevenin’s Theorem;

Figure 21 - Simplified Impedance point E to F

Refer from table-25 Impedance value of the cables page 84 & 85

at point E to F

Refer from table-26 Impedance value of the motors page 87

147 | P a g e
Solution:

Zpu (E-F) = Zpu-E + Zpu-F

Zpu-F equal
1
=
1 1 1 1 1
[ + + + + +
0.0992∠11.3˚ 0.1574∠6.34˚ 0.219∠6.34˚ 0.2011∠6.34˚ 0.184∠6.34˚

1 1 1 1
+ + + +
0.128∠11.3˚ 0.3585∠6.34˚ 0.437∠6.34˚ 0.516∠6.34˚
1 1 1
+ + ]
0.595∠6.34˚ 0.674∠6.34˚ 0.4486∠11.3˚

1
[10.08∠−11.3˚+ 6.35∠−6.34˚+ 4.566∠−6.34˚+ 4.97∠−6.34˚ +5.44∠−6.34˚+

7.8125∠ − 11.3˚ + 2.79∠ − 6.34˚ + 2.3∠ − 6.34˚ + 1.94∠ − 6.34˚ + 1.68∠ − 6.34˚ +

1.49∠ − 6.34˚ + 2.23∠ − 11.3˚]

Convert to rectangular form for summation:

1 1
Zpu-F = =
107.2697−j13.7159 108.143∠−7.2865˚

Zpu-F = 0.0092471∠7.2865˚

Zpu-F = 0.009173+j1.1782 pu

Hence:

Zpu-C16 = 0.059259 + j0.041803 pu

Let Zpu-C16 = Zpu-E

Zpu (E-F) = Zpu-E + Zpu-F

148 | P a g e
Substitute;

Zpu (E-F) = 0.059259 + j0.041803 + 0.009173+j1.1782

Zpu (E-F) = 0.068432 + j1.220003 pu

Zpu (E-F) = 1.222∠86.79˚ pu

Solving Impedance (pu) at point G to H in series:

Refer from table-25 Impedance value of the cables at point G to H

Refer from table-26 Impedance value of the motors page 87

at point H

Solution;

Zpu = C31,Elev.1 = C32,Elev.2 = C33,Elev.3 = C34,Elev.4 =

C35,Elev.5

= 1.868484 + j0.207609 + j31.3

= 1.868484 + j31.507609 pu

1.868484 + j31.507609
=
5

= 0.3737 + j6.3015218 pu

= 6.326∠86.61˚ pu

Zpu-C36,M1

= 2.267719 + j0.163969 +j35.3

= 2.267719 + j35.464 pu

= 35.54∠86.34˚ pu
149 | P a g e
Zpu-C37,Pr. Fan1 = Zpu-C38,Pr. Fan2

= 2.74875 + j0.19875 + j33.3

= 2.74875 + j33.49875 pu

2.74875 + j33.49875
=
2

= 1.3744 + 16.7494 pu

= 16.8057∠85.31˚ pu

Zpu-C39,Elev 6 = Zpu-C40, Elev.7

= 1.0995 + j0.0795 + j46.88

= 1.0995 + j46.9595 pu

1.0995 + j46.9595
=
2

= 0.54975 + j23.47975 pu

= 23.4862∠88.66˚ pu

Zpu-C41,M2

= 0.384825 + j0.027825 + j35.3

= 0.384825 + j35.327825 pu

= 35.33∠89.38˚ pu

Zpu-C42,M3

= 0.426056 + j0.030806 + j25

= 0.426056 + j25.030806 pu

= 25.03444∠89.025˚ pu

Zpu-C43,M4

= 0.090497 + j0.041803 + j1.4

150 | P a g e
 = 0.090497 + j1.441803 pu

= 1.44∠86.4˚ pu

Table 31 - Equivalent Generator reactance extracted from the

catalogue.

Zpu-G = 10%

Solution:

Using Formula for Equipment:

2
kVbase(given) MVAbase(new)
Zpu = Zpu(given)( ) ( )
kVbase(new) MVAbase(given)

0.4 2 1.5
Zpu-G = 0.10(0.4) (0.5)

Zpu-G = j0.3 pu

Zpu-C44,G = 0.002327 + j0.002109 + j0.3

= 0.002327 + 0.302109 pu

= 0.302∠89.55˚ pu

151 | P a g e
Impedance (pu) at point G to H combining series and parallel:

Apply Thevenin’s Theorem;

Figure 22 - Simplified Impedance point G to H

Solution:

Zpu-H

1
=
1 1 1 1
[ + + +
6.326∠86.61˚ 35.54∠86.34˚ 16.8057∠85.31˚ 23.4862∠88.66˚
1 1 1
+ + +
35.33∠89.38˚ 25.03444∠89.025˚ 1.44∠86.4˚
1
=
[0.1581∠ − 86.61˚ + 0.0282∠ − 86.34˚ + 0.0595∠ − 85.31˚ +

0.04258∠ − 88.66˚ + 0.02831∠ − 89.38˚ + 0.0399∠ − 89.025˚ + 0.694∠ − 86.4]

Convert to rectangular form for summation of impedance:

152 | P a g e
 1 1
= =
0.0620063−j1.0465 1.048∠−86.6˚

Zpu-H = 0.955∠86.6˚= 0.0566+j0.95332 pu

Hence:

Zpu-C29,30 = 0.016757+ j0.015187 pu

Zpu (G-H) = Zpu-G + Zpu-H

Let Zpu-G = Zpu-C29,30

Substitute;

Zpu (G-H) = 0.0566+j0.95332 + 0.016757 + j0.015187

Zpu (G-H) = 0.074 + j0.969 pu

= 0.972∠85.64˚ pu

Summary of computed line impedances

Table 32 - Essential computed line Impedance required

Computed Impedance Computed Impedance

Description
(Rectangular form) (Polar form)

Zpu (A-B) 0.005893125 + j0.06388125 0.064153∠84.73˚

Zpu (C-D) 0.2363+j0.4853076 0.5398∠64.04˚

153 | P a g e
Zpu (E-F) 0.068432+j1.220003 1.222∠86.79˚

Zpu (G-H) 0.074 + j0.969 0.972∠85.64˚

Zpu-(C’) 0.4051967+j7.240672 7.252∠86.797˚

3.5.4 Symmetrical 3-Phase short circuit current calculation

Note: For three phase fault there is no negative and zero sequence

fault current.

154 | P a g e
Figure 23 - Symmetrical fault current at MDB1 fault-2

155 | P a g e
Apply Thevenin’s Theorem;

Solution:

1
Zpu-ZT = 1 1 1 1 1
[ + + + +
Zpu(A−B) Zpu(E−F) Zpu(G−H) Zpu−C′ Zpu(C−D)

1
=
1 1 1 1
[ + + +
0.064153∠84.73 1.222∠86.79˚ 0.972∠85.64˚ 7.252∠86.797˚
1
+
0.5398∠64.04˚]
1
=
[15.588∠ − 84.73˚ + 0.8183∠ − 86.79˚ + 1.03∠ − 85.64˚ +
0.138∠ − 86.797˚ + 1.853∠ − 64.04˚]

Convert to rectangular form for summation of impedance:

156 | P a g e
 1 1
= =
2.376−j19.17 19.32∠−82.94˚

Zpu-ZT = 0.052∠82.94˚= 0.00639+j0.0516 pu

Figure 24 - Simplified Impedance at point Fault-2

Note: Fault F2 and F1 is equal

F2 = F1

Figure 1. Solving for Symmetrical fault current at point F2

Solution:

Formula 9 - Symmetrical 3 Phase Fault Current

kVAbase
IF2(3Фsc-sym) =
√3 x kVbase x ZT

1500kVA
=
√3 x 0.4kV x 0.052

157 | P a g e
IF2(3Фsc-sym) = 41635.84 A or 41.635 kA

a. Symmetrical fault current at MCC-CWP Panel fault-3

158 | P a g e
Figure 25 - Combine series and parallel impedance at point Fault-3

159 | P a g e
Simplified Impedance at point Fault-3

Apply Thevenin’s Theorem;

Figure 26 - Solve for Symmetrical Fault Current at F3

Solution:
1
Zpu-Eq. Partial’ = 1 1 1 1
[ + + +
Zpu(A−B) Zpu(E−F) Zpu(G−H) Zpu−C′

1
=
1 1 1 1
[ + + +
0.064153∠84.73 1.222∠86.79˚ 0.972∠85.64˚ 7.252∠86.797˚
1
=
[15.588∠ − 84.73˚ + 0.8183∠ − 86.79˚ + 0.8573∠ − 60.76˚ +
0.138∠ − 86.797˚

Convert to rectangular form for summation of impedance:

160 | P a g e
 1 1
= =
1.564−j17.504 17.57∠−84.89˚

Zpu-Eq. partial’ = 0.057∠84.89˚= 0.005077+j0.05677 pu

Zpu-C2 = 0.180994+j0.083606 per table 25 page 84

Zpu-D = 0553+j0.4017 pu or 0.4055∠82.16˚

Zpu (Partial) = Zpu-C2 + Zpu-Eq. partial’

Zpu (Partial) = 0.86+j0.140376 pu or 0.233∠37 ˚

1
Zpu-Eq. = 1 1
[ + ]
Zpu([Link]′−C2) Zpu(D)

Zpu-Equivalent = 0.159∠53.13˚ or 0.0954 + j0.13 pu

Solve for Symmetrical fault current at point F3

kVAbase
IF3(3Фsc-sym) =
√3 x kVbase x Zpu−Eq

1500kVA
=
√3 x 0.4kV x 0.159

IF3(3Фsc-sym) = 13,617 A or 13.617 kA

Simplified Impedance at point Fault-4 When Generator is use

161 | P a g e
Figure 27 - Solve for Symmetrical fault current at F4 when the
Generator is used.

Hence;

Zpu-G = j0.3 pu

Zpu-C44 = 0.002327 + j0.002109

Zpu (G-C44) = = 0.002327 + j0.302109 or 0.302∠89.55˚ pu

Zpu-C30 = 0.009775 + j0.008859

Zpu-H = 0.0566 + j0.95332

Zpu(H-C30) = 0.066375 + j0.962179 or 0.965∠86.06˚ pu

Solve for Zpu-Eq.

1 1 1
= +
Zpu − Eq. Zpu(G − C44) Zpu(H − C30)

162 | P a g e
 1 1 1
= +
Zpu − Eq. 0.302∠89.55˚ 0.965∠86.06˚

Zpu-Eq. = 0.2301∠88.72˚ or 0.00514 + j0.230043 pu

Therefore:
kVAbase
IF4(3Фsc-sym) =
√3 x kVbase x Zpu−Eq.

500kVA
=
√3 x 0.4kV x 0.2301

IF4(3Фsc-sym) = 3136.4 A or 3.136 kA

The short circuit breaking capacity or interrupting withstand rating

of the circuit breaker shall be determine based on the result of the
symmetrical fault calculation as describe below.

 The computed available fault current at point F2 = 41.635 kA

Therefore; the interrupting withstand rating of the MDB1 ACB

should be minimum of 45 kA at 400VAC or above is acceptable.

Note: after scrutinize the fault analysis in the system, the

equivalent available fault current at F1 = F2,

163 | P a g e
Therefore; the interrupting withstand rating of the main feeder at
MDB1 should be minimum of 45 kA at 400VAC or above is
acceptable.

 The computed available fault current at point F3 = 13.617 kA

Therefore; the interrupting withstand rating of the MCC-CWP Panel

MCCB should be minimum of 14 kA at 400VAC or above is
acceptable.

 The computed available fault current at point F4 = 3.136 kA

Per 16-SAMSS-503, IEC Supplement

12.2.IEC1 Switches shall meet the following additional

requirements:
a) Meet the requirements of IEC 60947-3.
b) Utilization Category (minimum): AC 21, Suffix A or B.
c) Rated Insulation Voltage (minimum): 660 V.
d) Short Circuit Withstand (minimum): 25 kA for 3 cycles

(NA Supplement)

12.3. NA1 Circuit-breakers shall have the following additional

characteristics:

B) Rated Insulation Voltage (minimum): 600 V

c) Frame size minimum: 1000 A

d) Rated Short Circuit Breaking Capacity (minimum):

i) For circuit breakers in, or connected to,

The main circuit: 25 kA

ii) For circuit breakers in auxiliary circuits: 10 kA

164 | P a g e
 e) Rated Short-Time Withstand Current (minimum):

For breaker used as main circuit disconnector:

25 kA for 3 cycles second.

Therefore; the interrupting withstand rating of the MCC-CWP Panel

MCCB should be minimum of 25 kA at 400VAC or above is
acceptable compliant to the 16-SAMSS-503 standard.

Circuit breaker in auxiliary circuit shall be minimum of 10 kA

3.5.5 Asymmetrical short circuit current determination

a. Asymmetrical Fault calculation

a.1 Single Line to Ground Fault (SGL-Fault) Impedance

Diagram.

165 | P a g e
Formula 10 - Single Line to Ground Fault, The sequence connection
are connected in series

Ia = Ia1 + Ia2 + Ia0

Ia = 3Ia1

If = Ia

a.2 Line to line Fault (L-L Fault) Impedance Diagram

For line to line fault there is no zero sequence fault current

Formula 11 - Line to Line Fault

Ia2 = Ia1

Ib = Ia0 + a²Ia1 + aIa2

If = Ib

166 | P a g e
a.3 Double line to Ground Fault (DLG Fault) Impedance
Diagram

Formula 12 - Double Line to Ground Fault

Ib = Ia0 + a²Ia1 + aIa2

If = Ib

Solving for asymmetrical three phase fault current at MDB1

(Fault 2)

 Single Line to Ground Fault (SGL-Fault) Calculation

Solving for ISLG-F2:

Using Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Formula 13 - Kirchhoff's Voltage Law

Vf = Ia1 x (Z1 + Z2 + Z0)

Vf
Ia1 =
Z1 + Z2 + Z0

Where:

167 | P a g e
Vf = 1∠0˚

Z1 = ZT (at Symmetrical Three Phase Fault-2)

Z1 = Z2 = 0.052∠82.94˚= 0.00639 + j0.0516

Z0 = Zpu-Tx + Zpu-C1

Z0 = 0.00592 + j0.06088

Solution;

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
2(0.00639 + j0.0516) + 0.00592 + j0.06088

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
0.01278 + j0.1032 + 0.00592 + j0.06088

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
0.0187 + j0.16408

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
0.1652∠83.5˚

Ia1 = 6.0533∠-83.5˚ A

Hence;

Ia = 3Ia1

If = Ia

If = 3 x 6.0533∠-83.5˚ A

If = 18.1599∠-83.5˚ A
168 | P a g e
Using;

ISLG-F2 = Ibase x If

kVAbase
Ibase =
√3 x kVbase

1500
ISLG-F2 = x 18.1599 A
√3 x 0.400

ISLG-F2 = 39317.34 A or 39.3 kA

Solving for ISLG-F3:

Using Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Vf = Ia1 x (Z1 + Z2 + Z0)

Vf
Ia1 =
Z1 + Z2 + Z0

Where:

Vf = 1∠0˚

Z1 = Zpu Eq. (at Symmetrical Three Phase Fault-3)

Z1 = Z2 = 0.159∠53.13˚ or 0.0954 + j0.13 pu

Z0 = Zpu-Tx + Zpu-C1

Z0 = 0.00592 + j0.06088

Solution;

169 | P a g e
 1∠0˚
Ia1 =
2(0.0954 + j0.13) + 0.00592 + j0.06088

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
0.4∠58˚

Ia1 = 2.5∠-58˚ A

Hence;

Ia = 3Ia1

If = Ia

If = 3 x 2.5 ∠-58˚ A

If = 7.5 ∠-58˚ A

Using;

ISLG-F3 = Ibase x If

kVAbase
Ibase =
√3 x kVbase

1500
ISLG-F3 = x 7.5 A
√3 x 0.400

ISLG-F3 = 16,238 A or 16.2 kA

Solving for ISLG-F4, when generator is use:

Using Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

170 | P a g e
Vf = Ia1 x (Z1 + Z2 + Z0)

Vf
Ia1 =
Z1 + Z2 + Z0

Where:

Vf = 1∠0˚

Z1 = Zpu Eq. (at Symmetrical Three Phase Fault-4)

Z1 = Z2 = 0.230∠88.72˚ = 0.00514 + j0.230043

Z0 = Zpu-G + Zpu-C44

Zpu (G-C44) = 0.002327 + j0.302109 or 0.302∠89.55˚ pu

Z0 = 0.002327 + j0.302109

Solution;

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
2(0.00514 + j0.230043) + 0.002327 + j0.302109

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
0.7623∠89.053˚

Ia1 = 1.312∠-89.053˚ A

Hence;

Ia = 3Ia1

If = Ia

If = 3 x 1.312∠-89.053˚ A

If = 3.94∠-89.053˚ A

171 | P a g e
Using;

ISLG-F4 = Ibase x If

kVAbase
Ibase =
√3 x kVbase

500
ISLG-F4 = x 3.94 A
√3 x 0.400

ISLG-F4 = 2843.45 A or 2.8 kA

 Line to line Fault (L-L Fault) Calculation

Formulas:

Ia2 = Ia1

Ib = Ia0 + a²Ia1 + aIa2

If = Ib

Using Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Vf = Ia1 x (Z1 + Z2 )

Vf
Ia1 =
Z1 + Z2

Where;

Vf = 1∠0˚

Z1 = ZT (at Symmetrical Three Phase Fault-2)

Z1 = Z2 = 0.052∠82.94˚= 0.00639+j0.0516

172 | P a g e
Solving for ILL-F2:

Solution;

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
0.00639 + j0.0516 + 0.00639 + j0.0516

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
0.01278 + j0.1032

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
0.104∠82.98˚

Ia1 = 9.6154∠-82.98˚ A

Hence;

Ia2 = -Ia1

Ia2 = (-1)Ia1

Ia2 = 9.6154∠97.02˚ A

Ib = Ia0 + a²Ia1 + aIa2

Where;

Ia0 = 0

a² = 1∠-120˚

a = 1∠120˚

173 | P a g e
Substitute,

Ib = 0 + (1∠-120˚x 9.6154∠-82.98˚) + (1∠120˚ x 9.6154∠97.02˚)

Ib = -16.5302 - j2.0354 or 16.655 ∠-172.98˚ A

Ib = If

If = 16.655 ∠-172.98˚ A

Using;

ILL-F2 = Ibase x If

kVAbase
Ibase =
√3 x kVbase

1500
ILL-F2 = x 16.655 A
√3 x 0.400

ILL-F2 = 36059.13 A or 36 kA

Solving for ILL-F3:

Where:

Vf = 1∠0˚

Z1 = Zpu Eq. (at Symmetrical Three Phase Fault-3)

Z1 = Z2 = 0.159∠53.13˚ or 0.0954 + j0.13 pu

174 | P a g e
Solution;

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
2(0.0954 + j0.13)

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
0.33∠54˚

Ia1 = 3.03∠-54˚ A

Hence;

Ia2 = -Ia1

Ia2 = (-1)Ia1

Ia2 = 3.03∠54˚ A

Ib = Ia0 + a²Ia1 + aIa2

Where;

Ia0 = 0

a² = 1∠-120˚

a = 1∠120˚

Substitute,

Ib = 0 + (1∠-120˚x 3.03∠-54˚) + (1∠120˚ x 3.03∠54˚)

175 | P a g e
Ib = 6.06 ∠180˚ A

Ib = If

If = 6.06 ∠180˚ A

Using;

ILL-F3 = Ibase x If

kVAbase
Ibase =
√3 x kVbase

1500
ILL-F3 = x 6.06 A
√3 x 0.400

ILL-F3 = 13,120.3 or 13.12 kA

Solving for ILL-F4, when generator is use:

Where:

Vf = 1∠0˚

Z1 = Zpu Eq. (at Symmetrical Three Phase Fault-4)

Z1 = Z2 = Zpu-Eq. = 0.2301∠88.72˚ or 0.00514 + j0.230043 pu

Solution;

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
2(0.00514 + j0.230043 )

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
0.4602∠88.72˚

Ia1 = 2.173∠-88.72˚ A

176 | P a g e
Hence;

Ia2 = -Ia1

Ia2 = (-1)Ia1

Ia2 = 2.173∠88 .72˚ A

Ib = Ia0 + a²Ia1 + aIa2

Where;

Ia0 = 0

a² = 1∠-120˚

a = 1∠120˚

Substitute,

Ib = 0 + (1∠-120˚x 2.173∠-88.72˚) + (1∠120˚ x 2.173∠88.72˚)

Ib = 3.8114 ∠0˚ A

Ib = If

If = 3.8114 ∠0˚ A

Using;

ILL-F4 = Ibase x If
177 | P a g e
 kVAbase
Ibase =
√3 x kVbase

500
ILL-F4 = x 3.8114 A
√3 x 0.400

ILL-F4 = 2750.64 A or 2.7 kA

 Double line to Ground Fault (DLG Fault) Calculation

Formula 14 - Double Line to Ground Fault

Ib = Ia0 + a²Ia1 + aIa2

If = Ib

Using Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Z2 x Z0
Vf = Ia1 (Z1 + )
Z2 + Z0

Vf
Ia1 = Z x Z0
Z1 + 2
Z2 + Z0

Z1 = ZT (at Symmetrical Three Phase Fault-2)

ZT = 0.052∠82.94˚= 0.00639 + j0.0516

Z0 = Zpu-Tx + Zpu-C1

Z0 = 0.00062 + j0.0561 + 0.0053 + j0.00478

Z0 = 0.00592 + j0.06088 or 0.06117∠84.45˚

178 | P a g e
Solving for IDLG-F2:

Where;

Vf = 1∠0˚

Z1 = ZT (at Symmetrical Three Phase Fault-2)

Z1 = Z2

Z0 = Zpu-Tx + Zpu-C1

Solution;

Solving for Ia1

1∠0˚
Ia1 = 0.052∠82.94˚ x 0.06117∠84.45˚
0.052∠82.94˚ + [ ]
0.052∠82.94˚+ 0.06117∠84.45˚

1∠0˚
Ia1 = 0.00318084∠167.39˚
0.052∠82.94˚ + [ ]
0.113152∠83.75˚

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
0.052∠82.94˚ + 0.02811∠78.757˚

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
0.0800612∠81.5˚

Ia1 = 12.49∠-81.5˚ A

Solving for Ia2;

Z0
Ia2 = (-Ia1 ) x
Z2 + Z0

179 | P a g e
 0.06117∠84.45˚
Ia2 = (-12.49∠-81.5˚) x
0.052∠82.94˚ + 0.06117∠84.45˚

Ia2 = 6.76∠80.81˚ A

Solving for Ia0;

Z2
Ia0 = (-Ia1 ) x
Z2 + Z0

0.052∠82.94˚
Ia0 = (-12.49∠-81.5˚) x
0.052∠82.94˚ + 0.06117∠84.45˚

Ia0 = 5.732∠82.3˚ A

Solving for Ib;

Ib = Ia0 + a²Ia1 + aIa2

a² = 1∠240˚

a = 1∠120˚

Substitute,

Ib = 5.732∠82.3˚ + (1∠240˚ x 12.49∠-81.5˚) + (1∠120˚ x

6.76∠80.81˚)

Ib = 18.884∠155.4˚ A

If = Ib = 18.884∠155.4˚ A

Using;

180 | P a g e
IDLG-F2 = Ibase x If

kVAbase
Ibase =
√3 x kVbase

1500
IDLG-F2 = x 18.884 A
√3 x 0.400

IDLG-F2 = 40885.06 A or 41 kA

Solving for IDLG-F3:

Where:

Vf = 1∠0˚

Z1 = Zpu Eq. (at Symmetrical Three Phase Fault-3)

Z1 = Z2 = 0.159∠53.13˚ or 0.0954 + j0.13 pu

Z0 = Zpu-Tx + Zpu-C1

Z0 = 0.00592 + j0.06088 or 0.06117∠84.45˚

Solution;

Solving for Ia1

Vf
Ia1 = Z x Z0
Z1 + 2
Z2 + Z0

1∠0˚
Ia1 = 0.159∠53.13˚ x 0.06117∠84.45˚
0.159∠53.13˚ + [ ]
0.159∠53.13˚ + 0.06117∠84.45˚

181 | P a g e
 1∠0˚
Ia1 =
0.106∠.71.2˚

Ia1 = 9.4∠-71.2˚ A

Solving for Ia2;

Z0
Ia2 = (-Ia1 ) x
Z2 + Z0

0.06117∠84.45˚
Ia2 = (-9.4∠-71.2˚) x
0.159∠53.13˚ + 0.06117∠84.45˚

Ia2 = 2.7∠-48.75˚ A

Solving for Ia0;

Z2
Ia0 = (-Ia1 ) x
Z2 + Z0

0.159∠53.13˚
Ia0 = (-9.4∠-71.2˚) x
0.159∠53.13˚+ 0.06117∠84.45˚

Ia0 = 6.92∠-81.07˚ A

Solving for Ib;

Ib = Ia0 + a²Ia1 + aIa2

a² = 1∠240˚

a = 1∠120˚

Substitute,

182 | P a g e
Ib = 6.92∠-81.07˚ + (1∠240˚x9.4∠-71.2˚) + (1∠120˚x2.7∠-48.75˚)

Ib = 7.67∠-161.4˚ A

If = Ib = 7.67∠-161.4˚ A

Using;

IDLG-F3 = Ibase x If

kVAbase
Ibase =
√3 x kVbase

1500
IDLG-F3 = x 7.67 A
√3 x 0.400

IDLG-F3 = 16,606 or 16.6 kA

Solving for IDLG-F4, when generator is use;

Where:

Vf = 1∠0˚

Z1 = Zpu Eq. (at Symmetrical Three Phase Fault-4)

Z1 = Z2 = 0.230∠88.72˚ = 0.00514 + j0.230043

Z0 = Zpu-G + Zpu-C44

Zpu (G-C44) = 0.002327 + j0.302109 or 0.302∠89.55˚ pu

Z0 = 0.002327 + j0.302109

Solution;

183 | P a g e
Solving for Ia1

Vf
Ia1 = Z x Z0
Z1 + 2
Z2 + Z0

1∠0˚
Ia1 = 0.230∠88.72˚ x 0.302∠89.55˚
0.230∠88.72˚ + [ ]
0.230∠88.72˚ + 0.302∠89.55˚

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
0.36062∠88.85˚

Ia1 = 2.773∠-88.85˚ A

Solving for Ia2;

Z0
Ia2 = (-Ia1 ) x
Z2 + Z0

0.302∠89.55˚
Ia2 = (-2.773∠-88.85˚ x
0.230∠88.72˚ + 0.302∠89.55˚

Ia2 = 1.574∠88.5˚ A

Solving for Ia0;

Z2
Ia0 = (-Ia1 ) x
Z2 + Z0

0.230∠88.72˚
Ia0 = (-2.773∠-88.85˚) x
0.230∠88.72˚ + 0.302∠89.55˚

Ia0 = 1.1985∠89.33˚ A

184 | P a g e
Solving for Ib;

Ib = Ia0 + a²Ia1 + aIa2

a² = 1∠240˚

a = 1∠120˚

Substitute,

Ib = 1.1985∠89.33˚ + (1∠240˚ x 2.773∠-88.85˚) + (1∠120˚ x

1.574∠88.5˚)

Ib = 4.5875∠145.92˚ A

If = Ib = 4.5875∠145.92˚ A

Using;

IDLG-F4 = Ibase x If

kVAbase
Ibase =
√3 x kVbase

500
IDLG-F4 = x 4.5875 A
√3 x 0.400

IDLG-F4 = 3310.74295 A or 3.3 kA

[Link] Summary of Low Voltage Short Circuit Current

Table 33 – Summary of Calculated Low Voltage Fault Current Values

Calculated Low Voltage Fault Current Values

185 | P a g e
 Selected KAIC

Fault Symmetrical Asymmetrical Std. Rating at

Description 3-Phase Fault 400 VAC

SLG LL DLG 3-Phase

Fault 1 41.635 kA 39.3 kA 36 kA 41 kA 65 kA

Fault 2 41.635 kA 39.3 kA 36 kA 41 kA 65 kA

Fault 3 13.617 kA 17.1 kA 13.2 kA 16.2 kA 25 kA

Fault 4 3.136 kA 2.8 kA 2.7 kA 3.3 kA 25 kA

3.5.6 Sequence Impedance Diagram:

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187 | P a g e
[Link] POSITIVE SEQUENCE IMPEDANCE

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Figure 28 - Positive Sequence Impedance

189 | P a g e
[Link] Negative Sequence Impedance

Figure 29 - Negative Sequence Impedance

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[Link] Zero Sequence Impedance

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Figure 30 - Zero Sequence Impedance

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[Link] Zero Sequence Impedance When Generator is use

Figure 31 - Zero Sequence Impedance when Generator is use

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194 | P a g e
3.5.7 Primary Short Circuit Current Determination

[Link] Symmetrical 3-Phase Short Circuit Calculation

Figure 32 - Schematic Diagram of primary side short circuit current

Solving for Zpu-Eq.

Solution:

1
Zpu-Eq. = 1 1 1 1
+ + +
Zpu(E−F) Zpu(G−H) Zpu−C′ Zpu(C−D)

1
=
1 1 1 1
[ + + +
1.222∠86.79˚ 0.972∠85.64˚ 7.252∠86.797˚ 0.5398∠64.04˚]

195 | P a g e
 1
=
[0.8183∠ − 86.79˚ + 1.03∠ − 85.64˚ + 0.138∠ − 86.797˚ + 1.853∠ − 64.04˚]

Convert to rectangular form for summation of impedance:

1 1
= =
0.9429706−j3.64778 3.76769∠−75.506˚

Zpu-Eq. = 0.26542∠75.506˚ or 0.06643 + j0.25698

Figure 33 -Simplified Impedance to determine the total equivalent

impedance

Solving for Zpu-Eq. T

Where;

Z(source) = + j0.003 pu

Zpu-Tx = 0.00062 + j0.0561 pu

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Zpu-C1 = 0.0052753125 + j0.00478125 pu

Solution:

Zpu-Eq. T = Zpu-Eq. + Zpu-Tx + Zpu-C1

= 0.06643 + j0.25698 + 0.00062 + j0.0561

+ 0.0052753125 + j0.00478125

Zpu-Eq. T = 0.07233 + j0.31786125 or 0.32599∠77.18˚

Figure. 8 Simplified Impedance to determine the Primary fault

current

1 1 1
= +
Zpu − Pr Zpu − Eq. T Zpu − Source

1 1 1
= +
Zpu − Pr 0.32599∠77.18˚ 0.003∠90˚

Zpu − Pr = 0.0029734∠89.88˚ pu

or 0.0000062275 + j0.0029734 pu

197 | P a g e
Therefore:

Formula 15 - primary 3 Phase Short Circuit - Symmetrical

kVA(base−new)
IPrF(3Фsc-sym) =
√3 x kV(base−given) x Zpu−Pr

1500 kVA
IPrF(3Фsc-sym) = = 21105.63 A or 21.1kA
√3 x 13.8kV x 0.0029734

[Link] Asymmetrical Short Circuit Calculation

 Single Line to Ground Fault (SGL-Fault) Calculation

Using Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Vf = Ia1 x (Z1 + Z2 + Z0)

Vf
Ia1 =
Z1 + Z2 + Z0

Where:

Vf = 1∠0˚

Z0-Pr = Zpu-Source

Z1-Pr = Zpu-Pr

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Z2-Pr = Z1-Pr

Gevin:

Z0-PrF = j0.003 pu

Z1-PrF = 0.0029734∠89.88˚ pu or 0.0000062275 + j0.0029734 pu

Solution;

1∠0˚
Ia1(SGL-F) =
2(0.0000062275 + j0.0029734 ) + j0.003

1∠0˚
Ia1(SGL-F) =
0.000012455 + j0.0089468

1∠0˚
Ia1(SGL-F) =
0.00894681∠89.92˚

Ia1(SGL-F) = 111.772∠-89.92˚ A

Hence;

Ia = 3Ia1(SGL-F)

If = Ia

Ia-(SLG-PrF) = 3 x 111.772∠-89.92˚ A

Ia-(SLG-PrF) = 335.315∠-89.92˚ A or 0.46819-j335.3147

Using;

ISLG-PrF = Ibase x If (SLG-PrF)

kVAbase
Ibase =
√3 x kVgiven

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 1500
ISLG-PrF = x 335.315∠-89.92˚ A
√3 x 13.8

ISLG-PrF = 21042.693 A 0r 21.042 kA

 Line to line Fault (L-L Fault) Calculation

Formulas:

Ia2 = Ia1

Ib = Ia0 + a²Ia1 + aIa2

If = Ib

Using Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Vf = Ia1 x (Z1 + Z2 )

Vf
Ia1 =
Z1 + Z2

Where:

Vf = 1∠0˚

Z1 = Z2

Z1-Pr = Zpu-Eq. T

Z2-Pr = Z1-Pr

Vf
Ia1(LL-PrF) =
Z1−Pr + Z2−Pr

Gevin:

200 | P a g e
Z1-PrF = 0.0029734∠89.88˚ or 0.0000062275 + j0.0029734 pu

Z2-Pr = 0.0000062275 + j0.0029734 pu

Solution;

1∠0˚
Ia1(LL-PrF) =
2(0.0000062275 + j0.0059468)

1∠0˚
Ia1(LL-PrF) =
0.005946813∠89.88˚

Ia1(LL-PrF) = 168.1573∠-89.88˚ A

Hence;

Ia2 = (-1)Ia1

Ia2(LL-PrF) = (-1)Ia1 = -1(168.1573∠-89.88˚)

= 168.1573∠89.88˚ A or 0.3522 + j168.157

Ib = Ia0 LL-PrF + a²Ia1 LL-PrF + aIa2 LL-PrF

If = Ib

Ia0 = 0

a² = 1∠240˚

a = 1∠120˚

Substitute;
201 | P a g e
Ib(LL-PrF) = 0 + (1∠240˚ x 168.1573∠-89.88˚) + (1∠120˚ x

168.1573∠89.88˚)

Ib(LL-PrF) = -291.62 + j0 or 291.62∠180˚ A

Using;

ILL-PrF = Ibase x If (LL-PrF)

kVAbase
Ibase =
√3 x kVgiven

1500
ILL-PrF = x 291.62∠0˚
√3 x 13.8

ILL-PrF = 18300 A or 18.3 kA

 Double line to Ground Fault (DLG Fault) Calculation

Using Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Z1 x Z0
Vf = Ia1 (Z1 + )
Z1 + Z0

Vf
Ia1 = Z x Z0
Z1 + 2
Z2 + Z0

Where:

Vf = 1∠0˚

Z0-Pr = Zpu-Source

Z1-Pr = Zpu-Pr

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Z2-Pr = Z1-Pr

Gevin:

Z0-PrF = j0.003 pu

Z1-PrF = 0.0029734∠89.88˚ or 0.0000062275 + j0.0029734 pu

Solution;

Solving for Ia1

1∠0˚
Ia1 = 0.0029734∠89.88˚ x 0.003∠90˚
0.0029734∠89.88˚ + [ ]
0.0029734∠89.88˚ + 0.003∠90˚

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
0.0029734∠89.88˚ + 0.0014932∠90.48˚

1∠0˚
Ia1 =
0.00443∠89.76˚

Ia1 = 225.73∠-89.76˚ A

Solving for Ia2;

Z0
Ia2 = (-Ia1 ) x
Z2 + Z0

0.003∠90˚
Ia2 = (-225.73∠-89.76˚) x
0.0029734∠89.88˚ + 0.003∠90˚

0.003∠90˚
Ia2 = (-225.73∠-89.76˚) x
0.005974∠89.94˚

203 | P a g e
Ia2 = 117.98∠89.76˚ A

Solving for Ia0;

Z2
Ia0 = (-Ia1 ) x
Z2 + Z0

0.0029734∠89.88˚
Ia0 = (-225.73∠-89.76˚) x
0.0029734∠89.88˚ + 0.003∠90˚

0.0029734∠89.88˚
Ia0 = (-225.73∠-89.76˚) x
0.005974∠89.94˚

Ia0 = 112.353∠89.82˚ A

Solving for Ib;

Ib = Ia0 + a²Ia1 + aIa2

a² = 1∠240˚

a = 1∠120˚

Substitute,

Ib = 112.353∠89.82˚ + (1∠240˚ x 225.73∠-89.76˚) + (1∠120˚ x

117.98∠89.76˚)

Ib = -298.027 – j58.2565 A or 303.67∠-168.94˚

If = Ib

Using;

I(DBL-PrF) = Ibase x If (DBL-PrF)

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 kVAbase
Ibase =
√3 x kVgiven

1500
I(DBL-PrF) = x 303.67∠-168.94˚
√3 x 13.8

I(DBL-PrF) = 19056.81 A or 19.056 kA

[Link] Summary of Primary Short Circuit Current

Table 34 - Calculated Primary Medium Voltage Fault Current Values

Calculated Primary Medium Voltage Fault Current Values

Selected KAIC

Fault Symmetrical Asymmetrical Std. Rating at

Description 3-Phase Fault 13.8 kVAC

SLG LL DLG 3-Phase

Primary (PrF) 21.1 kA 21 kA 18.3 kA 19.05 kA 25 kA

[Link] Open Circuit Fault Calculation

An open-circuit fault occurs when one or two phases lose continuity

and become open circuited. This can happen when fuses blow or
when conductors burn or break. Opening all three phases of a
three-phase circuit simply de-energizes the circuit, but opening one
or two phases results in an unbalanced condition that must be
analyzed using symmetrical components.

The positive-, negative-, and zero-sequence networks are

constructed and the open-circuit point is identified in each of the
three networks. The networks are then connected in a manner
defined by the type of open-circuit fault to be analyzed, and circuit
analysis techniques are used to calculate the sequence currents.

205 | P a g e
Phase currents are then calculated by using Equations it should be
noted that when analyzing an open-circuit fault, the Thevenin
reduction of each sequence network is not taken from the fault
location as with a short-circuit fault. Instead, the Thevenin
equivalent is taken from one side of the open-circuit fault location,
through the entire network, to the other side of the fault location.

[Link].1 One-Line-Open Fault

A one-line-open fault, as shown in Figure 4.54, requires placement

of the open on phase a, since phase a must be the dissimilar (in this
case, the faulted) phase since it was the phase that was used to
develop our symmetrical component relationships. When the fault
occurs, the un-faulted phases will have a voltage across the fault
location equal to zero, so

Vb = Vc = 0

V1 = V2

V0 = V1 = V2

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Figure 34 - Single Open Fault Diagram

Z0 = Zpu-Tx + Zpu-C1

Z0Equivalent = 0.00592 + j0.06088 or 6.0538∠90˚ pu at zero sequence

Ia = Ia0 + Ia1 + Ia2

Ia = 0

Ib = Ia0 + a²Ia1 + aIa2

Using Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Vf
Ia1 =
Z1 + Z2 + Z0

Ib = 6.0538∠180˚ pu

Ic = Ia0 + aIa1 + a²Ia2

Ib = 6.0538∠0˚ pu

The base current at the high-voltage terminals of transformer

kVAbase
Ibase(13.8kV) =
√3 x kVbase

1500
Ibase(13.8kV) = = 62.76 A
√3 x 13.8

207 | P a g e
The current of the line side of transformer are:

Ia = 0

Ib = 6.0538 pu x 62.76 A = 379.9 A

Ic = 6.0538 pu x 62.76 A = 379.9 A

[Link].2 Two-Lines-Open Fault

A two-lines-open fault requires that phase a be the dissimilar (non-

faulted) phase as shown in Figure 4.59, since that is the phase that
was used to develop our symmetrical component relationships.

When the fault occurs, no current will flow on the opened phases,
so

Ib = Ic = 0--------------(eq. 1)

I1(a² − a) = I2(a² − a)

I1 = I2----------------------------- (eq. 2)

Ia(2LO fault) = 3I1 -------------(eq. 3)

This means that all sequence and line currents are zero. So, when
phases b and c are opened on the high-voltage side of transformer
and phase a remains energized, no current flows through
transformer.

Extracted From:

IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering

Series Editor: M. E. El-Hawary, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia,

Canada

[Link] CT and Knee Point Voltage Calculation for Saturation

Level Capability (Extracted from Supplier)

208 | P a g e
209 | P a g e
Figure 35 - Knee Point Voltage

210 | P a g e
211 | P a g e
212 | P a g e
213 | P a g e
214 | P a g e
215 | P a g e
216 | P a g e
217 | P a g e
218 | P a g e
219 | P a g e
220 | P a g e
[Link].1 Summary of Result for CT and Knee Point
Calculations

221 | P a g e
222 | P a g e
3.6 PROTECTION AND COORDINATION DETERMINATION

Protection coordination study object is to design a system so that

faults will be removed in the shortest period of time as possible,
while maintaining a high degree of service continuity. The protective
devices should react to isolate the problem with the minimum
disruption to the balance of the system.

This study establishes the necessary protective devices setting to

protect the power conductors as well as the equipment against the
223 | P a g e
impact under short circuit condition. This implementation by
selective coordination in which only the protective devices nearest
the faults open to the short circuit in the shortest period of possible
time, and the other upstream protective devices remain closed and
protective.

References:

 IEEE Standard 242

 IEEE Standard 241

 IEEE Standard 141

 IEEE Standard 1051

 Figure No.2

Minimum short circuit values for low voltage systems extracted from
IEEE as shown:

224 | P a g e
Figure 36 - Electrical design protection coordination

Protection coordination software used in this report is ETAP for

verification. Circuit breaker protection curves where obtained from
the software. Perform protection coordination should start from the
load side or motor side to achieve the correct coordination which
225 | P a g e
each protection devices characteristics and capacities with respect
to time and current from the downstream up to upstream circuit
breaker and feeders.

Motor inrush current during starting (symmetrical and asymmetrical

starting current)

a) Full load current (IFCL) has been considered.

b) Motor characteristic will always be considered the data will

be coming from the motor name plate.

c) Lock rotor current (LRC) for symmetrical and asymmetrical

current.

Typical low voltage power circuit breaker and molded case circuit
breaker (MCCB-Thermal Magnetic tripping curve.

Characteristic and detailed calculations of the settings of circuit

breaker will be discuss one by one this part of this discussion.

Circuit breakers time-current characteristic curve be shaped to allow

adjustment of individual circuit breaker for proper coordination
between upstream and downstream protective devices.

226 | P a g e
3.6.1 Circuit Breaker Time Current Characteristic

227 | P a g e
Figure 37 - Time current characteristic curve

228 | P a g e
3.6.2 Cable Damage Curve

229 | P a g e
230 | P a g e
3.6.3 Time Current Curve Protection Coordination Graph-1

231 | P a g e
 0.26 Sec.

Figure 38 - Coordination Time Interval study-1

232 | P a g e
3.6.4 Time Current Curve Protection Coordination Graph-2

233 | P a g e
 0.26 Sec.

Figure 39 – Coordination Time Interval study-2

234 | P a g e
3.6.5 Motor Damage Curve Diagram

Motor Starting Curve

The motor starting curve represents the machine accelerating

characteristic for a specific starting condition defined by the motor,
driven equipment, starter and power source characteristics.

Motor Safe Stall Point (Typical of LV Motors)

The safe stall point represents the maximum time a motor can
sustain a locked rotor condition without damage at a specified
terminal voltage. NEMA MG-1 requires safe stall times not less than
12 seconds for motors less than 500HP and 1000V.

235 | P a g e
Figure 40 - LV Motor Time Current Curve

236 | P a g e
Figure 41 - LV Motor TCC Areas

237 | P a g e
3.6.6 Transformer Equipment Damage Curve

Figure 42 - Transformer Equipment Damage Curve

3.6.7 Protection Device Coordination Calculation

Setting values calculation for (WP-CP)

238 | P a g e
Motor protective devices (CB5 and CB6)

a) Motor characteristic:

Motor (IFLC) = 16.14 A

Motor (LRCSYMM) = 6 x IFLC = 96.84 A

Motor (LRCASYMM) = 1.6 x LRCSYMM = 158.144 A

Hot stall time (sec.) = 45sec.

Motor starting time = 7 sec.

b) Motor protective device (OL)

SF = 1 from Motor Nameplate

Motor SF equal to 1 use 125% times motor IFLC

Current setting = IFLC x 125%

= 16.14 x 125% = 20.175 A

Overload thermal protection (OL) = 20 Amps

Circuit breaker selection:

Use thermal Magnetic circuit breaker CB

Brand name: Square-D

Sensor: 40 A, CB Rating

Thermal Trip Unit: Fixed

Interrupting Rating: 25kA

Settings:

239 | P a g e
  Long time pick-up current setting or continuous
current (LTPU), at this point, used the maximum
rating of the CB rating which is equal to 40 Amps.

ILTPU = 40 Amps

 Long Time Delay (LTD) = Fixed

 Short Time Pick-up (STPU)

ISTPU = 1 x ILTPU = 40 Amps

 Short Time Delay (STD)

TSTD = Fixed

 Instantaneous Current or Pick-up

IINST. = Fixed

Where:

ILTPU = Long Time Pick-up (LTPU)

ISTPU = Short Time Pick-up (STPU)

TSTD = Short Time Delay (STD)

TLTD = Long Time Delay (LTD)

IINST. = Instantaneous Pick-up

Note:

Base on the given calculations, long time pick-up 40 A is

above the calculated current setting 20.175 A considering
instantaneous protection is set above the LRCASYMM and
LRCSYMM for proper protection during short circuit but to
avoid any tripping during start-up.
240 | P a g e
 A different model is chosen to increase the KAIC rating,
considering the verification from the upstream breaker due
to changes in short circuit level, CB6 is equal rating of CB5
due to the protection is same system.

3.6.8 EMDB Calculation of Setting Values for Sub-Feeder

Protection Circuit Breaker-4 & 5 (CB4 and CB5)

Total demand loads = 444.79 A

Main cable circuit ampacity = 1022 A

Main cable size 2set - 4Cx240mm²+240mm² G insulated,

Cu./XLPE/PVC

Protective Device:

Brand: Square-D

Sensor: 1000 Amps.

Trip Unit: Micrologic 3.0

Interrupting kA: 50 kA

Settings:

 Long time pick-up current setting or continuous

current (LTPU), at this point, used the maximum
rating of the MCCB rating which is equal to 1000
Amps x 70% = 700 Aamps

241 | P a g e
 ILTPU = 700 Amps

 Long Time Delay (LTD) = 0.5 sec. LT Band

 Short Time Pick-up (STPU)

ISTPU = 1.5 x ILTPU = 1050 Amps

 Short Time Delay (STD)

TSTD = 0 sec.

 Instantaneous Pick-up (2 x ILTPU)

IINST. = 2 x 700 = 1400 Amps

Note:

In reference to the limitation of time delay characteristic of low

voltage circuit breaker, overlapping of the two curves from the
MDB-1 main CB3 and the EMDB main CB4 instantaneous operation
may occur during short circuit, this is still acceptable since both
circuit breakers protection the same systems or loads. LTPU for
MDB-1 CB3 is same to the downstream circuit breaker EMDB main
CB4. Thus, high with stand kAIC rating was also considered for
upstream CB’s.

3.6.9 MDB-1 Calculation of Setting Values for Sub-Feeder

Protection Circuit Breaker-2 (CB2)

Total demand loads = 1435.75 A

Main cable circuit ampacity = 3066 A

Main cable size 6set - 4Cx240mm²+240mm² G insulated,

242 | P a g e
 Cu./XLPE/PVC

Protective Device:

Brand: Square-D

Sensor: 4000 Plug rating 2000 Amps

Trip Unit: Micrologic Full-SE (Series 2)

Interrupting kA: 65kA

Settings:

 Long time pick-up current setting or continuous

current (LTPU), at this point, used the maximum
plug rating of the MCCB which is equal to 2000
Amps x 80% = 1600 Amps which more and
almost from branch circuit total loads of 1435.75
Amps.

ILTPU = 0.80 (1600 Amps)

 Long Time Delay (LTD) = 1 sec. LT Band

 Short Time Pick-up (STPU)

ISTPU = 2 x ILTPU = 3200 Amps

 Short Time Delay (STD)

TSTD = 0.3 sec.

243 | P a g e
Note:

Subsequent to the limitation of time delay characteristic of low

voltage circuit breaker, overlapping of the two curves from the
Transformer main CB1 instantaneous side protecting the same
system is necessary, though a possible simultaneous operation may
occur during short circuit, this is still acceptable since both circuit
breakers protects the same systems or loads. LTPU for transformer
CB1 is greater than the downstream circuit breaker MDB1 main
CB2. Thus, high with stand kAIC rating was also considered for
upstream CB’s.

3.6.10 Transformer Secondary Side Calculation of Setting

Values Protection Circuit Breaker-1 (CB1)

Total demand loads = 1435.75 A

Protective Device:

Brand: Square-D

Sensor: 4000 Plug rating 2500 Amps

Trip Unit: Micrologic Full-SE (Series 2)

Interrupting kA: 65kA

244 | P a g e
 Settings:

 Long time pick-up current setting or continuous

current (LTPU), at this point, used the maximum
plug rating of the MCCB which is equal to 3000
80% = 2000 Amps which more than the branch
circuit load of 1435.75 Amps.

ILTPU = 2000 Amps

 Long Time Delay (LTD) = 1 sec. LT Band

 Short Time Pick-up (STPU)

ISTPU = 2 x ILTPU = 4000 Amps

 Short Time Delay (STD)

TSTD = 3 sec.

This protective device protects the total amount of loads

acting on the system as main protection and shall be
coordinated with the downstream of the system protection
to have a proper coordination, as shown below.

The following data were obtained for proper coordination:

1) LVCB Main CB1 and LVCB_MDB-1 Branch CB2 interrupting kA is

equal to 65 kA.

2) EMDB main CB3 and Branch CB4 interrupting kA is

245 | P a g e
 equal to 50 kA.

3) WP-CP-1 Main and Branch CB5 interrupting kA is equal to

25kA.

3.6.11 Transformer Main Primary Breaker

Given:

Transformer Capacity = 1500kVA

System Voltage = 13800-400Y/230V, 3Phase, 60Hz

IFL-P = 62.76 A

IFL-S = 2165.12 A

Max. Short Circuit @ Main Secondary = 41,635 A

Max. Short Circuit @ Primary = 41,635 A x 0.40 / 13.8

= 1206.82 A

Current Transformer ratio equal to 100:5

Medium Voltage Circuit Breaker Selection:

Component Name = MVCB

Manufacturer = ABB

Relay Type = SEL-551

Max. Current Ratio at Primary = 1206.82 / 100

= 12.068 A

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 Transformer Full Load Current
Pick-up Setting =
CT Rated Primary

= 62.76 / 100

= 0.6276 A

Characteristic Curve selected as per ANSI Extremely inverse (U4)

5.67
PP = TD x (0.0352+ )
M2 −1

Where:

Tp = Operating time in seconds

TD = Time-dial setting

M = Applied multiples of pickup current, for operating time

(Tp), M > 1

IF = Max. Sec. Fault referred to CT Terminal

IPU = Pick-up Setting

For Total trip time = Downstream Trip time + CT1

= 0.4s + 0.281s = 0.681s

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 IF
M =
IPU

12.068
M =
0.6276

M = 19.3

5.67
0.681 = TD x (0.0352+ )
19.32 −1

TD = 13.5

Recommended Time-Dial Setting for ANSI is from 0.5-15, therefore

calculated TD is acceptable.

Calculation of Instantaneous Protection

IINST (50) = 150% of the Max. Secondary Short Circuit

= 1.5 x 120.82 A

= 1,810.23 A

Calculation of Pick up Current

IPU (51) = 120% of the Max. Primary Short Circuit

= 1.20 x 62.76

= 75.312 A

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During transformer secondary bus fault, the main secondary
protection will isolate the fault while the primary protection will be
acting as back-up protection. During transformer internal fault, the
primary protection will trip, considering bolted internal fault.

The instantaneous protection will trigger the tripping.

3.6.12 Transformer Damage Curve Calculation

As per IEEE C57, 109-1993 Table 10 for Category II Transformer

Infrequent Fault:

Table 35 - Transformer Damage Curve Calculation Infrequent

Transformer Damage Curve Calculation

Time Multiplier (A-Pu) I²T Actual Current

1800 2 7200 125.51

300 3 2700 188.2

60 4.75 1354 198

30 6.3 1192 395.35

10 11.3 1277 709

2 25 1250 1569

To solve for the actual current:

Actual Current = Transformer FLA x Multiplier

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 1.5MVA
= x 25 = 1,569 Amps
√3 x 13.8

Frequent Fault (Dog Leg)

Table 36 - Transformer Damage Curve Calculation Frequent

Transformer Damage Curve Calculation

Time Multiplier (A-Pu) I²T Actual Current

2551 Z(pu)² 0.7/ Z(pu) 1250 732.36

4.08 0.7/ Z(pu) 2 / Z(pu)² 732.36

2 4.75 2 / Z(pu)² 1046.13

[Link] Transformer Inrush Current

When a transformer is first energized, a transient current up to 10

to 15 times larger than the rated current transformer current can
flow for several cycle.

Transformer magnetizing inrush current IEEE standard 242, solving

for transformer magnetizing inrush current:

1500kVA
Full Load Current = = 62.76 Amps
√3 x 13.8

For Transformer Inrush Current:

ITIC = 12 x FLA = 12 x 62.76 = 753.12 Amps

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[Link] Transformer Damage Curve Infrequent Fault

For the applications in which faults occur infrequently, the through-

fault curve represents the fact that the transformer is subjected
primarily to thermal damage. An example of this is transformers
with secondary side conductors enclosed in a conduit.

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Figure 43 - Transformer Damage Curve (Infrequent Fault)

[Link] Transformer Damage Curve Frequent Fault

For applications is which fault occur frequently, the through-fault

curve represents the fact that the transformer is subjected to both
thermal and mechanical damage. An example of this is transformers
with secondary side overhead lines.

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Figure 44 - Transformer Damage Curve (frequent Fault)

In the graph present for transformer damage curve (Infrequent and

Frequent Faults) in which time curve values setting where shown
above, take note some values have small difference in relation to
manual calculation made. Reading made clear indications to ensure
transformer magnetizing inrush avoids tripping of circuit breaker
during energization. Furthermore, TCC and calculation to be
determine that the protective device coordinated, cables are well
253 | P a g e
protected even in the transient condition of short circuit current and
motor loads are well protected by its protective device.

Nuisance tripping is prevented by considering the motor starting of

symmetrical and asymmetrical values. Transformer is well protected
as presented the graph.

3.6.13 Verification of cables size against the short circuit

current (XLPE Insulated Cable)

This part of the report will verify whether the selected cables for the
secondary feeder cables connected to the fault location can
withstand under short circuit conditions to prevent damage or
dangerous temperature in conductors at certain time.

In reference to IEEE std. 242-2001 (clause 15.3 Overcurrent

Protection Guidelines, (2) Conductors, 4th Paragraph) and Riyadh
Cables Data sheet (Table 14 page 19 Short Circuit Rating –
254 | P a g e
Conductor), the XLPE conductor short circuit current are calculated
as follows:

0.143
IK = 𝑥𝑠
√t

Where;

IK = Short Circuit in kA

t = Duration of short circuit current (sec.)

s = Cross-sectional area of conductor (mm²)

Solution:

0.143
IK = x 240 = 48.54 kA
√0.5

LVCB1 = 6set - 4Cx240mm²+240mm² G insulated,

Cu./XLPE/PVC

Therefore;

Fault 1 and 2 = 48.54 kA

Table 37 – Summary of calculated conductor short circuit currents

using same method are;

Maximum Short Current Withstand of Cable Under Fault Condition

No. of Max. short

Duration
Computed
Conductor Cable Size Circuit
Fault No. Short Current Time
Setting Withstand
(mm²)
(kA)
(sec.) (kA)

6 Fault 1, 2 240 41.635 0.500 48.54

1 Fault 3 120 13.617 0.200 38.4

2 Fault 4 240 3.136 0.3 108.53

255 | P a g e
3.7 ARC FLASH DETERMINATION

3.7.1 Introduction

An arc flash simply defines as a type of electrical explosion or a

sustained short circuit conducted through ionized air. It is caused by
a rapid release of energy due to an arcing fault between one phase
busbar and another, a neutral, or a ground. An arcing fault is
created manually, either by making a path for conduction or by a
failure in the electrical system (such as a breakdown in insulation).
For a certain value, a minimum of 120 volts (Line to ground) or
208volts (Line to line) is required to create an arc flash.

During the arc flash incident, temperatures can reach up to 20,000

degrees Celsius. This massive discharge of energy has the ability to
destroy or damage phase busbar by vaporizing their thick strips of
copper. The result is an explosive volumetric increase, the arc blast
estimated at an expansion of 40,000 to 1. It also devastates
everything in its path and produces sound levels up to 160dBA and
creates deadly shrapnel in its wake.

Cause:

a. Accidents, unintentional contact with electrical system and

build-up of conduct dust, dirt, corrosion and dropped tools.

b. Electrical system failures (Electrical equipment or in

insulation)

c. Improper work procedures (Fault electrical wiring and

improper usage.

256 | P a g e
Dangers:

Arc flash is capable of causing major and substantial damage. A big

percentage of electrical workplace accidents are associated with arc
flash and involves burns or injuries caused by heat or showers of
molten metal or debris. Besides from its thermo-acoustic
shockwaves and toxic smoke, arc flash produces an intense flash of
blinding light which cause immediate vision damage and increase
worker’s risk of future vision impairment.

Subsequently, below is the calculated incident energy given from

transformer impedance and bolted short circuit current.

3.7.2 Arc Flash Current

To consider applications with a system voltage under 1 kV, use the

equation extracted from IEEE 1584 2002 for estimating the arcing
short-circuit current.

Formula 16 - Arcing Short-Circuit Current

IgIa = K + 0.662IgIbf + 0.0966V + 0.000526G + 0.5588V (IgIbf)

– 0.00304G (IgIbf)

For system greater than or equal to 1 kV, use below equation:

IgIa = 0.00402 + 0.983lgIbf

257 | P a g e
Where:

Ig = log10

Ia = arcing current (kA)

K = -0.153 for open configurations; -0.097 for box configurations

Ibf = Bolted fault current for three-phase faults

(Symmetrical RMS) (kA)

V = System voltage (kV)

G = Conductor gap, (mm)

Table 38 - Factor for Equipment and Voltage Classes

258 | P a g e
Convert from lg:

Ia = 10lg Ia

Consider Fault 1:

Ibf-F1 = 41.635 kA

V = 0.4 kV

G = 32mm

IgIa-F1 = -0.097+0.662 Ig(41.635) + (0.0966 x 0.4) +

(0.000526x32) + 0.5588 x 0.4 x Ig(41.635) –

0.00304 x 32Ig(41.635)

IgIa-F1 = 1.2350

Ia = 17.18 kA

3.7.3 Incident Energy Level Determination

Calculate En:

259 | P a g e
Formula 17 - Incident Energy

Ig En = K1 + K2 + 1.081 Ig Ia + 0.0011 G

Where:

En = Incident energy (J/cm²) normalized for time and distance

K1 = -0.792 for open configurations (no enclosure); -0.555 for box

configurations (enclosed equipment)

K2 = 0 for ungrounded and high-resistance grounded systems and

is -0.113 for grounded systems

G = gap between conductors (mm)

Then:

En = 10Ig En

Consider Fault 1:

G = 32mm

Ig En = -0.555–0.113 + (1.081lg17.18) + (0.0011 x 32)

Ig En = 0.7023

En = 5.038 J/cm²

Finally, convert from normalized:

260 | P a g e
Formula 18 -Normalized Incident Energy

𝑡 610 𝑥
𝐸𝑖 = 4.184 ∙ 𝐶𝑓 ∙ 𝐸𝑛 ∙ ( ) ∙ ( )
0.2 𝐷

Where:

𝐸𝑖 = Incident energy (J/cm²)

𝐶𝑓 = Calculated factor 1.0 for voltage above 1kV, and 1.5 for

voltage at below 1kV

t = Arcing time (seconds)

D = Distance from the possible arc point to the (mm)

x = Distance exponent 1.473

Table 39 - (Reference – Typical working distance)

0.26 610 1.473

𝐸𝑖 = 4.184 x 1.5 x 5.038 x ( )x( )
0.2 610

261 | P a g e
𝐸𝑖 = 41.104 J/cm²

Convert to cal/cm²

0.239006cal
41.104 J/cm² ∙
1J

𝐸𝑖 = 9.87 cal/cm²

3.7.4 Arc Flash Boundary Protection

As mentioned in NFPA 70E, “The arc flash boundary is the distance

at which a person is likely to receive a second degree burn. The
onset of a second degree burn is assumed to be when the skin
received 5.0 J/cm² of incident energy.”

Using empirically derived equation:

Formula 19 - Arc Flash Boundary Protection

1
𝑡 610𝑥 𝑥
𝐷𝐵 = [4.184 ∙ 𝐶𝑓 ∙ 𝐸𝑛 ∙ ( ) ∙ ( )]
0.2 𝐸𝐵

Where:

262 | P a g e
𝐷𝐵 = Distance of the boundary from the arching point (mm)

𝐶𝑓 = Calculated factor 1.0 for voltage above 1kV, and 1.5 for

voltage at below 1kV

En = Incident energy (J/cm²) normalized for time and distance

𝐸𝐵 = Incident energy in J/cm² at the distance of the arc flash

boundary. EB can be set at 5.0 J/cm² for bare skin (no hood)

or at the rating of proposed PPE.

t = Arcing time (seconds)

D = Distance from the possible arc point to the (mm)

x = Distance exponent

Considering Again Fault 1:

En = 5.038 J/cm²

Ibf-F1 = 41.635 kA

263 | P a g e
t = 0.26 seconds clearing arcing time

x = 1.473

𝐸𝐵 = 5.0 J/cm²
1
0.26 6101.473 1.473
𝐷𝐵 = [4.184 ∙ 1.5 ∙ 5.038 ∙ ( )∙( )]
0.2 5.0

𝐷𝐵 = 2,549.48 mm or 100.29 inch

With the calculated Incident energy (E) the equivalent Hazard/risk

Category as based in below table obtained from NFPA 70E is use
HRC 2

Figure 45 - HRC PPE Required Label

264 | P a g e
[Link] Summary of Arc Flash Incident Energy per Fault
Location

Table 40 - Summary of HRC per Fault Locations

Symmetrical Incident Energy Hazard / Rish

Fault Description
3-Phase Fault (cal/cm²) Category

Fault-1 @ Main Cable 41.635 kA 9.87 3

Fault-2 @ MDB-1 41.635 kA 9.87 3

Fault-3 @ MCCP 13.6 kA 12.5 3

Fault-4 @ Genset 3.136 kA 1.09 0

Fault @ Primary 21.1 kA 5.86 2

265 | P a g e
Table 41 - Incident Energy per HRC

Figure 46 - Arc Flash PPE by HRC

3.7.5 Warning label

To prevent accidents that may be caused by arc flash, it is

necessary to mark the equipment’s approach/protection
boundaries using arc flash labels per NFPA 70E 20015

266 | P a g e
Notes: Restricted approach for 151-750V is 0.3 meter and limited
approach boundary for exposed fixed circuit is 1meter, As per Table
130.4(D)(a) NFPA 70E, 2015

Conclusions:

An arc flash is a potentially deadly electrical explosion causing

intense heat, thermos-acoustic shockwaves, shrapnel, intense light
and toxic smoke. An arc flash is caused by a rapid release of energy
due to an arcing fault between two phase busbars. To ensure safety
compliance and by addressing safety requirements in the
workplace, various standard and safety regulations must be

267 | P a g e
observed to protect workers from the dangers associated with an
arc flash.

CHAPTER 4
Electrical Material Specifications and Bill
of Quantity

268 | P a g e
CHAPTER 4 – ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
SPECIFICATIONS

4.1 Distribution Transformer

1. Transformer shall be built under strict quality control and

assurance procedures comply with IEC 76 or IEC 726 and shall
have guaranteed lifetime of 30 years.

2. Transformer suitable for continuous operations at full load for at

least 30,000 hours without maintenance requiring the
transformer to de-energized.

3. Temperature rise of transformer winding at any tap setting,

measured by resistance and temperature rise on top of oil
measured by thermometer shall not exceed 50˚C and 45˚C
respectively, or the oil insulation shall measure by dielectric
voltage breakdown test respectively, at rated kVA and at
ambient temperature not exceeding the job site temperature.

4. The rated withstand voltage shall comply with IEC 76-3. The
transformer shall be 13.8 kV, 3 Phase Primary / 400 V, 3 Phase
Secondary dry type/oil immersed type. Windings shall be of
copper. Full-power tapping shall be provided in the high voltage
windings. Winding connections inside transformers shall be
brazed. The winding arrangement shall be Dyn 11 for three-
phase transformers, in-line, three line cores shall be used. All
metal parts of the core, frame tank, etc., shall be maintained at
earth potential. Transformer is naturally cooled. The indicator

269 | P a g e
 shall be a dial-type calibrated in degrees centigrade and fitted
with two adjustable setting contacts, for remote alarm and trip
purpose, and a hand-reset pointer to register the highest
temperature attained.

4.1.1 Switchgear Distribution Board

UL 891, NEMA PB2, or equivalent IEC, VDE/DIN Standard, dead

front, metal enclosed, self-supported type. Main bus shall be rated
as shown on drawings at 400/600 volts and shall have a short
circuit rating shown in drawings in rms amperes. Devices shall be
front accessible and shall be completely isolated between sections
by vertical steel barriers. Align sections of the switchgear front and
rear. Enclosure shall be indoor NEMA Type 1 or equivalent VDE/DIN
Standard. Switchgear shall be completely factory engineered and
assembled, including protective devices and equipment indicated
with necessary interconnections and control wiring. The switchgear
shall consist of main auxiliary and distribution sections.

4.1.2 Bus Bars:

Copper with silver plated contact surfaces. Make bus connections

and joints with hardened steel bolts and pressure (Belleville)
washers. A full-capacity bus shall connect all sections together, with
provisions for future expansions. Buses shall be completely isolated
from the devices so that the only exposed energized parts will be at
the point of connection to devices. Locate this bus horizontally in
the rear of each section behind the components and center it
vertically. Support and brace the buses properly for the short circuit
specified. Provide ground bus and firmly secure it to each vertical
switchgear section and extend it the entire length of the structure.

270 | P a g e
Size neutral bus 100 percent of full load amperes. Bus bar
temperature shall not exceed 90 degrees C under full load.

4.1.3 Main Protective Devices:

Dorman Smith, ABB, or approved equal. Individually mounted

stationary insulated-case circuit breakers removable from the front
of the switchgear. UL listed, 100 percent not rated insulated-case
circuit breakers with an interrupting rating of not less than 40.000
amperes symmetrically at 230 volts. Breakers shall be equipped
with solid-state long time trip device with adjustable short time and
ground fault tripping characteristics so that branch breakers
normally will trip first on overload and lower fault-current levels.
Breakers also shall be equipped with mechanically key interlock and
a motor-charged stored-energy closing mechanism that will permit
rapid and safe closing of the breaker against fault currents within
the short time rating of the breaker, independent of the operator’s
strength or effort in closing the handle.

4.1.4 Panelboards:

Siemens, ABB, Legrand, Westinghouse, Merlin Gerin or approved

equal. UL 67 and UL 50 or equivalent IEC, DIN, BS Standard.

Panelboards for use as service disconnecting means shall

additionally conform to UL 869. Panelboards shall be circuit breaker

equipped. Design shall be such that any individual breaker can be

removed without disturbing adjacent units or without loosening or

removing supplemental insulation supplied as a means of obtaining

271 | P a g e
clearances as required by UL. Where space is indicated, make

provisions for the future installation of a breaker sized as indicated.

All panelboards locks included in the project shall be keyed alike.

Directories shall be typed to indicate load served by each circuit and

mounted in a holder behind transparent protective covering.

4.1.5 Panelboard Busses:

Support bus bars on bases independent of the circuit breakers. Main

buses and back pans shall be designed so that breakers may be

changed without machining, drilling or tapping. Provide an isolated

100% size neutral bus in each panel for connection of circuit neutral

conductors. Provide a separate ground bus marked with a green

stripe along its front and bonded to the steel cabinet for connecting

grounding conductors. Panel busbars shall be copper.

4.1.6 Circuit Breakers:

VDE/DIN German Standard, BS or equivalent Fed. Spec. W-C-375

ambient-compensated thermal magnetic type with interrupting

capacity at rated voltage as indicated. Breaker terminals shall be UL

listed as suitable for the type of conductor provided. Plug-in circuit

breakers are not acceptable.

4.1.7 Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS):

272 | P a g e
ATS shall be the electrically operated type that is mechanically held
in both operating positions. ATS shall be suitable for use in
emergency or standby systems described in NFPA 70. ATS shall be
UL listed, and test reports are approved as being equivalent of test
results and certified test reports as those determined and reported
by UL. ATS shall be electrically-operated contactor or low-voltage
power circuit breaker type rated at 2000A, 4P, 600VAC which shall
be manufactured and tested in accordance with applicable
requirements of IEEE C37.13, IEEE C37.90.1, NEMA ICS 1, NEMA
ICS 2, UL 1008 and UL 1066. ATS shall also conform to NFPA 110
except that the ATS shall not be equipped with either overload or
fault current protective devices and shall be designed and
manufactured to prevent stops in an intermediate or neutral
position during transfer by the use of electrical actuators and
stored-energy mechanisms.

4.1.8 Power Wires and Cables:

Wire and Cable Conductor Sizes: Wire and cable conductor sizes

shall be in metric(mm2) or as designated by American Wire Gauge

(AWG). Conductors shall be copper. Insulated conductors shall bear

the date of manufacture imprinted on the wire insulation with other

identification. Wire and cable manufactured more than 12 months

before delivery to the jobsite shall not be used. Provide conductor

identification within each enclosure where a tap, a splice or a

termination is made.

273 | P a g e
Conductor Color Coding:

Provide for all service, feeder, branch, control and signaling circuit

conductors. Color shall be green striped for grounding conductors,

and black for neutrals, except where neutrals of more than one

system are installed in same raceway or box, the other neutral shall

be white with a colored (not green) stripe. The color of the

ungrounded conductors in different voltage systems shall be to IEC

Standard or as follows:

a- 3 phase, 3 Wire system :

Phase R – Red

Phase Y - Yellow

Phase B – Blue

b- 3-phase, 4 wire system :

Phase R - Red

Phase Y - Yellow

Phase B - Blue

Ground - Green

Neutral – Black

4.1.9 Power Wires and Cables 600V and Less:

274 | P a g e
Including service entrances, shall be multicore or single core cables,

type XLPE insulated and PVC sheathed armoured or unarmoured as

shown on drawings including fire retardant LSOH cables as

manufactured by Pirelli UK, Cables shall have coated stranded

copper conductors and insulation that meets or exceeds all

requirements of IEC 502 or UL 83 and 44. Cables shall have 90

degrees C (dry location) and 75 degrees C (wet location) direct burial

continuous rating, 110 degrees C hot spot rating, 130 degrees C

emergency overload rating, 250 degrees C short circuit rating, high

resistance to deformation at high temperature, low moisture

absorption, shall be mechanically rugged, resistant to weather, most

oils, acids and alkalines.

Power Cable Construction:

A - Conductor: Plain circular or sector stranded copper conductors,

per IEC 228, class 1 and 2.

B - Insulation: XLPE (Cross-linked polyethylene) insulation, rated 90

degrees C.

C - Assembly: Four insulated conductors are laid up, filled with non-

hygroscopic material compatible with the insulation.

D - Sheath: PVC type ST2 to IEC 502, color-black.

275 | P a g e
E - Core Identification: Four core- red, yellow, blue and black.

4.1.10 Direct Burial Ground Girdle System:

Bury the ground cables directly in earth. Excavate trenches in which

the cables are placed by hand or with mechanical trenching
equipment, and provide a minimum cable cover of 800mm below
finished grade. Trench shall be not less than 150mm wide, and shall
not be in straight lines between cable markers. Cable plows shall not
be used. Bends in trenches shall have a radius of not less than
950mm. When rock is encountered, remove to a depth of at least
76mm below cable and fill the space with clean earth free from
particles larger than 7mm. Do not unreal and pull cables into the
trench from one end. However, the cable may be unrealed on grade
and lifted into position. Cable bedding and cover shall consist of
material which would pass a 7mm screen with no sharp material.
Provide plastic warning tape in the backfill approximately 300mm
below finished grade. The tape shall be red plastic with integral
warning legend repeated continuously throughout the entire length of
the tape

4.1.11 Underground Duct with Concrete Encasement:

Construct underground duct lines of individual conduits encased in

concrete. Except where rigid galvanized steel conduit is indicated or
specified, the conduit shall be of schedule 80 PVC. Do not mix the
kind of conduit used in any one duct bank. Ducts shall not be smaller
than 150mm in diameter unless otherwise indicated. The concrete

276 | P a g e
encasement surrounding the bank shall be rectangular in cross-
section and shall provide at least 76mm of concrete thickness of
50mm, except separate light and power conduits from control,
signal, and telephone conduits by a minimum concrete thickness of
100mm.

4.1.12 Cable Trays:

Approved Manufacturers: AB-Cope, Omnitray, Unistent. Provide as

indicated in drawings to NEMA Standard 11-15-1984 and VE1, BS or
VDE/DIN Standard. Material shall be of steel. Steel cable trays shall
be hot-dip zinc-coated after fabrication. Fittings shall have not less
than the load-carrying ability of straight tray sections. Cable trays
shall terminate 254mm from both sides of smoke and fire partitions.
Conductors run through smoke and fire partitions shall be installed in
76mm rigid steel conduits with grounding bushings, connecting the
cable trays on opposite sides of the partitions. The installation shall
be sealed to preserve the smoke and fire ratings of the partitions.

4.1.13 Ladder-Type Cable Trays:

Trays shall be steel 100mm or 125mm height and have 230mm to

300mm rung spacing and width sizes of 150mm, 300mm, 450mm,

600mm, 750mm, 900mm. Hot dip galvanized fabrication to BS 729

or NEMA Standard 11-15 – 1984.

4.1.14 Generator – Standby:

The AC generator shall be synchronous, four pole, 2/3 pitch,

revolving field, drip-proof construction, single pre-lubricated sealed

277 | P a g e
bearing, air-cooled by a direct drive centrifugal blower fan, and

directly connected to the engine with flexible drive disc. All

insulation system components shall meet IEC 60034 limits of

temperature rise for thermal class H insulation system. Actual

temperature rise measured by resistance method at full load shall

not exceed 150 degrees C.

4.1.15 Motors:

IEC 34, ISO 9001 and NEMA MG1, except sealed (hermetic-type)

Motor-compressors shall meet UL 984. This paragraph supplements

for motors specified under other Divisions of these specifications.

Coordinate specific motor requirements with applicable Division of

these specifications other than Division 16. The approximate size of

each motor is indicated. Determine specific motor characteristics to

ensure provision of correctly sized starters and overload heaters.

Motors for operation on 220 volt circuits shall have a voltage rating

of 230 volts, 400 volts, 3-phase circuits shall have a voltage rating of

400 volts. Motors shall be designed to operate at full capacity with a

voltage rating and shall have a minus 10% of the motor voltage

rating and shall have a service derating factor not less than 1.15.

Power factor Cos. phi=0.85 for 3kW or larger.

278 | P a g e
4.1.16 Motor Sizes:

VDE/DIN and/or NEMA Standards. The approximate size of each

motor is indicated. Size shall be sufficient for the duty to be

performed and shall not exceed its full load nameplate current rating

when driven equipment is operated at specified capacity under the

most severe conditions likely to be encountered. When motor size

provided difference from the size indicated (or specified),

4.1.17 Motor Controllers:

NEMA ICS1 and NEMA ICS2. All controllers shall have thermal

Overload protection in each phase. This paragraph supplements

requirements for motor controllers specified under other Divisions of

this Specification, as well as the paragraph on Motor Control Centers

Magnetic-type motor controllers shall have under voltage protection

when used with momentary-contact pushbutton stations of switches

and shall have under voltage release when used with maintained-

contact pushbutton stations or switches.

4.1.18 General Requirements:

Electrical installations shall conform to the requirements of NFPA 70,

National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) and relevant DIN Safety

Regulations specified herein.

4.1.19 Wiring Methods:

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Wiring method shall be insulated conductors installed in conduit,

except where specifically indicated or specified otherwise. An

insulated equipment grounding conductor shall be provided in all

feeder and branch circuits, including lighting circuits. All exposed

wiring shall be painted to match adjacent wall surfaces except in

electrical, mechanical and other utility rooms. Wiring methods shall

be done in Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT) for concealed installations,

PVC for embedded and underground installations and RSC for

exposed installations.

Electrical Metallic Tubing: Allowed for use in spaces, void spaces, and

exposed above 3 meters from finished floor.

4.2 Bill of Quantity

Item Description Qty. Unit

ELECTRICAL

Supply, install, commission, handover, guarantee all

following works as per drawings, specification, site
instructions.

A SUBSTATION

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Item Description Qty. Unit

supply and install substation including transformer,

low voltage switchgear, metering accessories and
outdoor type enclosure complete as per drawing and
specification. Item includes testing and
commissioning.

1 1500kVA, 400/230V, 3Ø, package type substation 4 Item

2 1000kVA, 400/230V, 3Ø, package type substation 1 Item

B GENERATOR

supply and install of generator including fuel tank,

day tank, fuel transfer pumps complete as per
drawing and specification. Item include testing and
commissioning.

1 500kVA, 400/230V, 60Hz diesel type generator 1 Item

C UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS)

supply and install of uninterruptible power supply

(UPS) complete as per drawings and specification.
Item include testing and commissioning.

1 2kVA, 1Ø, 230V, 60Hz UPS with 30 minutes

back-up battery 1 Item

D METER CENTER

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Item Description Qty. Unit

supply and install of complete meter center with

KWHR-meter, individual circuit breaker, busbar,
enclosure and other accessories as per drawing and
specifications. Item include testing and
commissioning.

Meter Center 1, 3200A,3P+N main busbar, 23-kwhr

1
meter

with 125A,3 pole circuit breaker, 5-spare and

1 Item
grounding

busbar

Meter Center 2, 2000A,3P+N main busbar, 14-kwhr

2 1 Item
meter

with 125A,3 pole circuit breaker, 3-spare and

grounding

busbar

E MAIN AND SUB-MAIN DISTRIBUTION BOARD

Supply, install and connect the following main

distribution panelboard, complete including
protective devices, surge arresters, measuring
devices, contactors, connectors, auxiliaries, and all
related accessories as specified and shown on
drawings. Item include testing and commissioning.

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Item Description Qty. Unit

1 DP-A, 800A main 1 Set

2 MDB-1, 2000A main 1 Set

3 MDB-2, 3000A main 1 Set

4 MDB-3, 3000A main 1 Set

5 EMDB-1, 1000A main 1 Set

F AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH

Supply, install and connect the following transfer

switches, complete including surge arresters,
protective devices, measuring devices, contactors,
auxiliaries, and all related accessories as specified
and shown on drawings. Item include testing and
commissioning.

1 ATS-630A 1 Set

G MAIN AND SECONDARY LIGHTING AND POWER

PANEL BOARDS

Supply, install and connect the following

panelboards, complete including protective devices,
surge arresters, measuring devices, contactors,
auxiliaries and all related accessories, as specified
and shown on drawings. Item include testing and
commissioning.

1 PP-A 1 Set

2 PP-B 1 Set

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Item Description Qty. Unit

3 PP-C typical to PP-D/PP-E/PP-F/PP-G 5 Set

4 PP-H 1 Set

5 PP-P1 1 Set

6 PP-P2 1 Set

7 PP-P3 1 Set

8 PP-C1 1 Set

9 PP-T1 typical to all offices 35 Set

10 LP-EX 1 Set

H MOTOR CONTROL CENTER & PANEL

Supply, install and connect the motor centers &

panels, complete including protective devices, surge
arresters, measuring devices, contactors, motor
starters, PLC's, auxiliaries, terminals, relays, control
wires and all related accessories as specified and
shown on drawings. Item include testing and
commissioning.

1 CWP-CP1 1 Set

2 CWP-CP2 5 Set

3 FF-CP 1 Set

4 WP-CP1 1 Set

5 WP-CP2 1 Set

I LOW VOLTAGE CABLES

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Item Description Qty. Unit

Supply, install and connect the following cables,

XLPE insulated, un-armoured, PVC sheathed,
0.6/1kV and of copper conductors, complete
including accessories, connectors, lugs, supports,
clamps as specified and shown on drawings. Item
include testing and commissioning.

1 4x10mm² 396 Lm

2 4x16mm² 19 Lm

3 4x25mm² 462 Lm

4 4x50mm² 162 Lm

5 4x70mm² 7280 Lm

6 4x120mm² 172 Lm

7 3(4x185mm²) 105 Lm

8 4(4x240mm²) 669 Lm

9 4x300mm² 35 Lm

10 3(4x300mm²) 65 Lm

11 4(4x300mm²) 49 Lm

12 6(4x300mm²) 40 Lm

13 7(4x300mm²) 45 Lm

14 8(4x300mm²) 121 Lm

J EARTH CABLES

Supply, install and connect the following cables, PVC

insulated, 0.6/1kV and of copper conductors,

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Item Description Qty. Unit

complete including accessories, connectors, lugs,

supports, clamps as specified and shown on
drawings. Item include testing and commissioning.

1 1x6mm² E 396 Lm

2 1x10mm² E 19 Lm

3 1x16mm² E 462 Lm

4 1x25mm² E 162 Lm

5 1x35mm² E 7280 Lm

6 1x70mm² E 172 Lm

7 1x95mm² E 315 Lm

8 1x120mm² E 2676 Lm

9 1x185mm² E 1949 Lm

K CABLE TRAYS & LADDERS

Supply and install cable trays and ladders of

galvanized steel type, including all the supports,
covers where indicated and all related accessories,
as specified and shown on drawings. Item include
testing and commissioning.

1 Power Cable Tray

200cm CT 5 Lm

150cm CT 253 Lm

100cm CT 45 Lm

80cm CT 15 Lm

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Item Description Qty. Unit

50cm CT 76 Lm

30cm CT 28 Lm

2 Power Cable Ladder

100cm CL 250 Lm

30cm CL 80 Lm

3 Low Current Cable Tray

30cm CT 7 Lm

4 Low Current Cable Ladder

30cm CL 80 Lm

15cm CL 80 Lm

L LIGHT POINTS

Lighting points materials, supplied, installed,

connected complete including conduits, wires,
conduit accessories and supports, junction,
derivation and outlet boxes, conductors, connectors
and all related accessories, as specified and shown
on drawings. Item include testing and
commissioning.

1 Ceiling light point (including at offices) 3792 No.

2 Wall light point 148 No.

3 Ceiling Exit Light point 16 No.

4 Wall Exit Light point 124 No.

5 Emergency wall light point 93 No.

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Item Description Qty. Unit

6 Floor light point (Weatherproof) 105 No.

M INTERIOR LIGHTING FIXTURES

Supply, install and connect the following lighting

fixtures, complete including control gear, lamps,
supports, mounting, brackets and all related
accessories, as specified and shown conductors,
connectors and all related accessories, as specified
and shown on drawings. Item include testing and
commissioning.

1 D1 Ceiling Down light -1 613 No.

2 D2 Ceiling Down light -2 42 No.

3 D3 Ceiling Down light -3 23 No.

4 D4 Ceiling Down light -4 102 No.

5 D4E Ceiling Down light-4E with Battery Back-up 54 No.

6 D5 Ceiling Down light -5 13 No.

7 F1 1x36W fluorescent ligh 462 No.

8 F1E 1x36W fluorescent light with battery back-up 103 No.

9 F2 2x36W fluorescent ligh 22 No.

10 F2E 2x36W fluorescent light with battery back-up 10 No.

11 F3E 3x36W fluorescent light with battery back-up 73 No.

12 F3E 3x36W fluorescent light with battery back-up 43 No.

13 EX1 124 No.

14 EX2 16 No.

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Item Description Qty. Unit

15 EL 93 No.

16 W1 116 No.

17 W2 8 No.

N EXTERNAL LIGHTING FIXTURES

Supply, install and connect the following lighting

fixtures, complete including control gear, lamps,
supports, mounting, brackets, and all needed
accessories, as specified and shown on drawings.
Item include testing and commissioning.

1 L1 34 No.

2 L2 48 No.

3 L4 (2-arms) 4 No.

4 L4 (3-arms) 2 No.

5 L5 24 No.

6 L6 4 No.

7 LED lights 1079 Mts.

O WIRING DEVICES

Supply, install and connect the following wiring

devices, complete including cabling, wiring,
conduiting works back to receptive panelboards and

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Item Description Qty. Unit

all related accessories, as specified and shown on

drawings. Item include testing and commissioning.

1 Wall mounted single socket outlet 16A,2P+E/250V, 256 No.

1b Installation, termination and testing of above item 256 No.

Wall mounted duplex socket outlet, rated

2 1 No.
16A,2P+E/250V

2b Installation, termination and testing of above item 1 No.

3 Wall mounted single socket outlet 16A,2P+E/250V,

weatherproof 82 No.

3b Installation, termination and testing of above item 82 No.

4 Wall mounted duplex socket outlet 16A,2P+E/250V 1 No.

4b Installation, termination and testing of above item 1 No.

5 Points for hand dryer 75 No.

6 Power outlet for CCTV 250V 16A switched 123 No.

6b Installation, termination and testing of above item 123 No.

7 Power outlet for meat grinder 2 No.

7b Installation, termination and testing of above item 2 No.

8 Power outlet for dishwasher 2 No.

8b Installation, termination and testing of above item 2 No.

Floor boxes which include 2-duplex power outlet, 1-

9
tel

outlet & 1-data outlet) 2 No.

9b Installation, termination and testing of above item 2 No.

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Item Description Qty. Unit

10 Floor boxes which include 1-duplex power outlet 3 No.

10a Installation, termination and testing of above item 3 No.

11 Power points for FCU 332 No.

P CIRCUIT AND MOTOR DISCONNECT

Supply, install and connect the following isolating

switches (disconnects) complete including cabling,
wiring, conduiting works back to respective
panelboards and all related Item include testing and
commissioning

1 30 Amps, DP switch with pilot lamp for water heater 75 No.

2 30 Amps, DP switch with pilot lamp for freezer 4 No.

45 Amps, DP switch with pilot lamp for range or

3 8 No.
cooker

30 Amps, 2-pole non-fusible, outdoor, N3R D.S. for

4 9 No.
split AC

5 30 Amps, 3-pole non-fusible, outdoor, N3R D.S. for 6 No.

pressurization fan, exhaust fan and AHU

40 Amps, 3-pole non-fusible, outdoor, N3R D.S. for

7 1 No.
jockey

63 Amps, 3-pole non-fusible, outdoor, N3R D.S. for

8 2 No.
ELEV-P

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Item Description Qty. Unit

80 Amps, 3-pole non-fusible, outdoor, N3R D.S. for

9 1 No.
FAHU-1

10 100 Amps, 3-pole non-fusible, outdoor, N3R D.S. for

FAHU-2 and Elevator 6 No.

Q EARTHING SYSTEM

Earthing system shall be of closed circuit cable bare

copper conductor with earth rods & earth pits
supplied, installed, connected and tested complete
with all the equipments and accessories, to ensure a
resistance less than 5 ohms, including grounding of
main electrical room, low current systems, technical
services, and fixed machinery equipments, as
specified and shown on drawings. Item include
testing and commissioning.

1 120mm² Bare Copper Conductor 390 Mts.

2 Inspection Pit with ground rod (exothermic weld) 8 No.

Grounding Rod 3meters x 20mmØ (exothermic

3 27 No.
weld)

R LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM

Supply, install connect, test and commission a

complete Lightning Protection System according to
the NFPA780, including conductors, air terminals,
down conductors, earth pits and all related
accessories, as specified and shown on drawings.
Item include testing and commissioning.

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Item Description Qty. Unit

1 95mm² Bare Copper Conductor 268 Mts

2 3x25mm² Copper Tape 772 Mts

3 Down conductor for main Lightning at Tower 85 Mts

4 Main Air Terminal Rod with base at Tower 1 No.

5 Furse Air Terminal Rod with Base 18 No.

CHAPTER 5
Conclusion and Recommendation
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294 | P a g e
CHAPTER 5 – CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion

The following has been achieved after performing the calculation.

1. Assured adequate capacity of the power transformer.

a) 1500 kVA is sufficed enough to carry the total demand load

and at least 20% of future growth.

2. The specific ratings of switchboards were found acceptable

based on calculated prospective short circuit current.

3. Safety and reliability of switched boards and feeders during

normal and fault condition in terms of isolation of fault.

4. After having stablished the computed voltage drop and short

circuit current on each cable, it was found out that some of
the proposed design feeder requires to resize taking in
consideration the voltage applied to the connected load.
Having computed the full load current of each loads, it was
found out that some of the MCCB rating requires to resized.

5. The calculated short circuit current of some Motor Control

Centre (MCC) Panels are lower than the design short circuit
value.

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 6. Thus, readers of this report will be guided clearly on how the
design of electrical power distribution of the teacher’s staff
housing and other premises have been reviewed and prepared
as well.

5.2 Recommendation

From the specific comments mentioned above and being the one
who review the design of the power distribution for typical office
areas and for services utilities and etc., my recommendation will be
as follows:

1. Therefore, it is recommended to apply discrimination study

mentioned in this technical report to verify that the sizes of
the selected cables that can withstand any short circuit
conditions to prevent damage or dangerous temperatures in
conductors, as well as the over current protection devices
(OCPD) based on actual loads.

2. Finally, after all and discrimination study all materials

available in the market to be considered in the design, and
shall be varies depend on the availability in the market.

5.3 Book References

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 1. NFPA 70 National Electrical Code 2014 Edition

2. IEEE Std 241-1990 “IEEE recommended practice of Electric

3. Power System in Commercial Building”

4. IEEE Std 242-2001 “IEEE Recommended Practice for

5. Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial”

6. Saudi Consolidated Electricity Company (SCECO)

7. Philippine Electrical Code 2009 Edition

CHAPTER 6 – AFFIDAVITS

AFFIDAVITS
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6.1 Affidavit of Sole Authorship

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Philippines Passport

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PRC ID of Aspirant

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6.2 Affidavit of PEE-1

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Philippines Passport of PEE-1

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PRC-ID of PEE-1

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6.3 Affidavit of PEE-2

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Philippines Passport of PEE-2

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PRC-ID of PEE-2

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6.4 Affidavit of PEE-3

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Philippine Passport and PRC ID of PEE-3

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313 | P a g e
CHAPTER 7 – AUTO-BIORAPHY & CURRICULUM VITEA

7.1 Auto-Biography

AUTO-BIOGRAPHY

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7.2 Curriculum Vitae

OUTSTANDING ACHIEVEMENTS

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7.3 Employment, Training and Seminars Certificates

7.3.1 Employment Certificates

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7.3.2 Training and Seminars CPD points

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