Chapter 3:
Software Platform &
Architecture for Telematics
Content
• ECU
• Automotive Open System
Architecture (Autosar)
– An open standardized software
architecture for the automotive
industry
– Special thanks to Simon Fürst,
BMW
• 1st AUTOSAR Open Conference & 8th
AUTOSAR Premium Member
Conference
• October 23rd, 2008, Cobo Center,
Detroit, MI, USA
2 2010/2/3
ECU
• Electronic Control Unit
– 行車電腦, 車載電腦
– is an embedded system that controls one or more
of the electrical systems or subsystems in a
vehicle
• CPU, memory, I/O, A/D, Other Devices
3 2010/2/3
ECU
• Some modern cars have up to 80 ECUs, including
– Engine Control Unit ‐ also known as an ECU
– Transmission Control Unit ‐ TCU
• the above two may be combined, and referred to as a Powertrain Control
Module (PCM)
– Airbag control unit ‐ ACU
– Telephone Control Unit ‐ TCU
– Man Machine Interface ‐ MMI
– Body Control Module ‐ controls door locks, electric windows,
courtesy lights etc.
– Door Control unit
– Seat Control Unit
– Climate Control Unit
– speed control unit
– Convenience control unit ‐ CCU
(From WIKI) 4 2010/2/3
Exmaple of ECU
1. Wheel speed sensor
2. Rear differential oil temperature switch
3. Wheel speed sensor
4. Manual mode switch
5. Manual control dial
6. DCCD electronic control unit
7. Parking brake switch
8. DCCD indicator lights
9. Battery
10. ABS control unit
11. Wheel speed sensor
12. Brake light switch
13. Throttle position sensor
14. Accelerator pedal
15. Wheel speed sensor
16. Lateral G sensor (with yaw rate sensor for 2005)
17. Main gear input from the engine
18. Front output
19. Rear output
20. Transmission assembly
21. Center differential
22. ABS monitor signal
Resource:
5 SUBARU driver performance
2010/2/3
ECU
• Based on information from the input
sensors(engine coolant temperature,
barometric pressure, air flow etc.) the ECU
determines optimum setting for the output
actuators. (injection, idle speed, ignition
timing, etc.)
6 2010/2/3
AUTOSAR Tutorial
Reference
[Link]
Autosar
• Cooperate on standards – compete on
implementation
8 2010/2/3
Managing Complexity by Exchangeability and
Reuse of Software Components
9 2010/2/3
Project Objectives and Main Working
Topics
10 2010/2/3
Main Working Topics
11 2010/2/3
Technical scope of AUTOSAR
12 2010/2/3
Benefits from AUTOSAR
13 2010/2/3
AUTOSAR – Core Partners and Members
14 2010/2/3
Use Case ‘Pedal Management’ view for
one ECU
• Implementation of functions independent on
distribution on different ECU as communication will
be done via ECU‐individual AUTOSAR‐RTE exclusively
15 2010/2/3
Use Case ‘Pedal Management’ view for
two ECUs
16 2010/2/3
Use case ‘Front‐Light Management’ in
AUTOSAR
17 2010/2/3
Exchange of type of front‐light
18 2010/2/3
Distribution on ECUs
19 2010/2/3
Use case ‘Front‐Light Management’ in
AUTOSAR
20 2010/2/3
AUTOSAR Key Topics
• AUTOSAR provides three main areas of results
– Architecture:
• Software architecture including a complete basic
(environmental) software stack for an ECU as an integration
platform for hardware independent SW applications
– Methodology:
• Exchange formats (templates) to enable a seamless
configuration process of the basic software stack and the
integration of application software in ECUs
– Application Interfaces:
• Specification of application interfaces as a standard for
application software modules
21 2010/2/3
Main Concepts: Architecture
• Basic Software modules
• Run time environment and communication
• Results of sample implementation in
„Validator 2“
22 2010/2/3
Main Concepts: Architecture
• Standardized AUTOSAR interfaces will support HW
independence and enable the standardization of SW
components.
23 2010/2/3
AUTOSAR Basic Software
24 2010/2/3
AUTOSAR Basic Software Modules
25 2010/2/3
Intra‐ and Inter‐ECU Communication
• Ports implement the
interface according to
the communication
paradigm (here client‐
server based).
• Ports are the
interaction points of a
component.
• The communication is
channeled via the RTE.
• The communication
layer in the basic
software is
encapsulated and not
visible at the
application layer.
26 2010/2/3
Validation of AUTOSAR Release 2.0
27 2010/2/3
Used Release 2.0 AUTOSAR specifications
28 2010/2/3
Used Release 2.0 AUTOSAR specifications
29 2010/2/3
Development of
AUTOSAR SW Components
Markus Maier / ETAS GmbH
Resource form p.3‐7, 10
Software‐ and System‐Architecture of ECUs
• Automotive Software Development will change
• Hardware- and software will be widely independent of each other.
•Development processes will be simplified.
• This reduces development time and costs.
•Reuse of software increases at OEM as well as at suppliers.
•This enhances also quality and efficiency.
31 2010/2/3
Software‐ and System‐Architecture of ECUs
• Today: Proprietary Software‐Architecture
32 2010/2/3
Software‐ and System‐Architecture of ECUs
• Tomorrow: AUTOSAR – Standardized Software Architecture
33 2010/2/3
Software‐ and System‐Architecture of ECUs
• Today: ECU network
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Software‐ and System‐Architecture of ECUs
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Software‐ and System‐Architecture of ECUs
• Future: Function oriented Architecture for higher Flexibility
36 2010/2/3
Software‐ and System‐Architecture of ECUs
• What disappears?
– Proprietary Basic Software with proprietary interface towards
the application software
• What comes up?
– Standardized Basic Software Modules
– RTE (Runtime Environment) make application software
independent from Basic SW and specialities of ECU hardware
– Application SW Components with standardized interface
description (syntax and specific signals)
• What stays?
– Application Software as a brand differentiating key element for
the development of new vehicle functions
37 2010/2/3
Development of AUTOSAR SW Components
• Model based Methods and Tools ‐ Overview
38 2010/2/3
Development of AUTOSAR SW Components
• Following the AUTOSAR Methodology, the
E/E architecture is derived from the formal
description of software and hardware
components.
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Development of AUTOSAR SW Components
40 2010/2/3
Development of AUTOSAR SW Components
41 2010/2/3
Development of AUTOSAR SW Components
• To configure the system, input descriptions of all software components,
ECU resources and system constraints are necessary.
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Development of AUTOSAR SW Components
• The system configuration maps software components to
ECUs and links interface connections to bus signals.
43 2010/2/3
AUTOSAR – System Design – Implementation Process
44 2010/2/3
AUTOSAR – The Virtual Functional Bus
• Input to the System Design on an abstract level
45 2010/2/3
AUTOSAR – Input Descriptions
• Step 1a): Description of SW‐Components independently of hardware
46 2010/2/3
AUTOSAR – Input Descriptions
• Step 1b): Description of hardware independently of application software
47 2010/2/3
AUTOSAR – Input Descriptions
• Step 1c): Description of system
48 2010/2/3
AUTOSAR – System Configuration
• Step 2: Distribution of SW‐Component‐Descriptions to ECU
49 2010/2/3
AUTOSAR – ECU‐Configuration
• Step 3: Generation of required configuration for AUTOSAR‐Infrastructure
per ECU
50 2010/2/3
AUTOSAR – Generation of Software Executables
• Step 4: Based on the configuration information for each ECU (example
ECU1)
51 2010/2/3
Use case ‘Front‐Light Management’ in AUTOSAR
52 2010/2/3