Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methods and procedures that the researchers used in
conductive the research. This part includes research design, research locale, research
instrument and data gathering procedure.
Research Design
The research design that the researcher used in the study is qualitative research
design, specifically, phenomenological research design. According to De Franzo (2011),
qualitative research is primarily exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding
of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. De Franzo further stated that qualitative
research design provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or
hypothesis for potential quantitative research. She further stated that qualitative research
design is also used to uncover trends in thought and opinions to the researchers and
helps them dive deeper into the problem.
Janet Waters (2017), in her article, Phenomenological Research Guidelines,
stated that the goal of qualitative phenomenological research is “to described a lived
experience of a phenomenon”. Furthermore, Waters stated that described in a
Phenomenological Research, you are focused on meaning, the meaning of the
experience, behavior, and narrative.
Research Locale
The research study was conducted in Ireneo National High School, Quirino
Avenue, General Santos City and General Santos National School of Arts & Trade, Leon
Llido St. Lagao, General Santos City.
Research Subject
In selecting identifying the key informants, the researchers used the non-
probability sampling design, specifically purposive or judgment sampling design.
Nonprobability sampling is method of sampling wherein, it is not known that which
individual from the population will be selected as a sample (Surbhi 2016.)
Surbhi further stated that all the individuals of the universe are not given an equal
opportunity of becoming a part of the sample, the method is said to be non-probability
sampling.
Ashley Crossman (2017), on the other hand, in her article, Understanding
Purposive Sampling: An Overview of the method and its applications, identified purposive
sampling design as a “sample that is selected based on characteristics of the population
and the objective of the study”. Purposive sampling is also known as judgmental,
selective, or subjective sampling.
Research Instrument
The instrument used in this study is semi-structured interview. In interviewing the
key informants, the researchers used individual interview, specifically, the method of face
to face interview in gathering data.
Semi-structured interview, according to Doyle (2017), is an interview in which the
interviewer does not strictly follow a standard or formalized set of questions. Often more,
Doyle stated that interviewers, in Semi-structured interview, will ask more open needed
questions rather than straightforward questions.
According to Sincero (2012), in her article, Personal Interview Survey, face
interview can also be called “personal interview”. She also defined face to face interview
as a method of probing answers to the respondents, at the same time, observing their
behavior.
Also, the method of observation that the researcher used is the qualitative
observation. In observing and studying the behavior of the key informants, the
researchers will use the participant observation, a type of qualitative observation.
Qualitative observation, according to Emelda M. (2017), is a subjective gathering
of information which focuses more on differences in quality rather than differences in
quantity, furthermore, it involves fewer participants because it is more concerned on
bringing out and knowing details about each participant which its more easily than in fewer
subjects and it is done through interviews and passive or in-depth observation. Moreover,
it is conducted on a more personal level requiring the researcher to build the confidence
of the participants in him so that they will readily provide him with the information he
needs.
Crossman (2017), on the other hand, stated that the participants observation
method is a method in which a sociologist actually become a part of the group they are
studying in order to collect data and understand a social phenomenon or a problem.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers first asked permission to the principal and subject teacher of
Practical Research 1 to conduct the research. Right after obtaining the virtue to conduct
the research, the researcher were up to an initial interview with the cookery assessor to
determine possible key informants.
After identifying the key informants, the researchers settled a place and date to
where they conducted the in-depth interview with their key informants.
Also, the researchers observed the behavior of the key informants. The researcher
took part in the observation.
Right after gathering data, the researcher conducted the phase of the analyzing
every detail collected and arranged them into common themes. After arranging the
common themes of the data, the researchers filtered every datum to get the saturation
point of the research to come up with a conclusive factual answer.
Data Analysis
Gathered data were analyzed and interpreted accordingly from the key informant’s
statement. After gathering the data the researchers will now analyze the gathered data in
common themes. After arranging the data into its common themes, the researcher will
get the saturation point of the interview to come up with solid and factual answer.
“Saturation point is difficult concept to define, but has come to be associated with
the point in a qualitative research project when there is enough data ensures the
researcher question can be answered” (Bowen, 2008).
