Manual
Timber Code Check
Timber Code Check
Table of Contents
Material properties ........................................................................................................................................................................5
Timber parameters........................................................................................................................................................................5
Adjusting the parameters for design .............................................................................................................................................7
Performing the check ....................................................................................................................................................................9
Detailed check ..............................................................................................................................................................................9
Introduction to optimisation .........................................................................................................................................................11
Principles of optimisation ............................................................................................................................................................11
Optimisation parameters .............................................................................................................................................................11
Optimising the members .............................................................................................................................................................11
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Welcome
Thank you for choosing Scia Engineer.
Module Timber Code Check has been designed to facilitate the often-demanding task of design of timber structures.
You can find more about the company and its products on [Link].
Version info
Documentation title
Timber Code Check
Version
2010.0
Produced
November 2009
Translated
N/A
Software covered
Scia Engineer
Version
2010.0
Latest Build covered
10.0.25
Introduction
The Scia Engineer Timber Code Check module is a program for the design of timber structures. It consists of stress and
stability verifications of timber members according to the code. It is also possible to search interactively for the lightest
section, which meets the code requirements for selected loadings (optimisation).
The following structural timber design code is supported : Eurocode 5 - EC-ENV.
For more details about the used codes and the theoretical background, we refer to the Theoretical Background manual and
to the code itself.
IMPORTANT: Only straight beams can be checked. The solution for curved beams is not implemented.
Parameters
Material properties
In addition to standard material properties, there are a few extra parameters related to the code check.
Bending (fm, k)
characteristic value of bending strength
Tension (ft, 0, k)
characteristic value of tensile strength parallel to grain
Tension (ft, 90, k)
characteristic value of tensile strength perpendicular to grain
Compression (fc, 0, k)
characteristic value of compressive strength parallel to grain
Compression (fc, 90, k)
characteristic value of compressive strength perpendicular to
grain
Shear (fv, k)
characteristic value shear strength
Modulus (E0.05)
5-percentile characteristic value of modulus of elasticity parallel
to grain
Modulus (E 90 mean)
mean characteristic value of modulus of elasticity perpendicular
to grain
Type of timber
Solid or Glued, laminated type can be selected.
Procedure to adjust material properties
1.
Open the Material manager, e.g. through the tree menu function Library > Materials.
2.
Select the required material.
3.
Press button [Edit].
4.
Fill in the parameters under group EC5.
5.
Close the editing dialogue.
6.
Close the Material manager.
Timber parameters
Gamma m, settings NAD
Ultimate limit states
These parameters represent the box values from EC5, table [Link].
fundamental combinations:
timber and wood-based materials
Specifies gamma m for fundamental combinations: timber and
wood-based materials.
fundamental combinations: steel
used in joints
Specifies gamma m fundamental combinations: steel used in
joints.
accidental combinations
Specifies gamma m accidental combinations.
Serviceability limit states
"serviceability coeff."
The coefficient for serviceability combinations.
(title not shown)
Interaction buckling - LTB
No interaction
No interaction between buckling and lateral torsional buckling is
performed. Only the separate checks according to EC5 are
executed.
According to CSN NAD
Interaction between buckling and lateral torsional buckling
according to the CSN NAD is performed: the LTB is checked
for the moment around the major axis, together with the
buckling influence.
According to DIN NAD
Interaction between buckling and lateral torsional buckling
according to the DIN NAD is performed: the LTB is checked for
the moments around both axis, together with the buckling
influence.
Timber Code Check
Default sway types
This setting will be used for the beams where no detailed adjustment of buckling parameters is made.
The sway type is used to calculate the buckling length coefficients for flexural buckling, it has no effect on defined buckling
length ratios.
Buckling length ratios ky, kz
As input
The program will always use the input values.
Calculated
The program will use the calculated ky and kz factors and
neglect all input values.
Calculated only if no input value
The program uses the input values of coefficients if the
coefficients values were defined.
The program uses the calculated values if the coefficients
values were NOT defined or if their vaule was set to 1 (minus
one).
Bigger of input and calculated
Program takes the greater of the two available values i.e. the
less favourable value.
Smaller of input and calculated
Program takes the smaller of the two available values i.e. the
more favourable value.
Max. k ratio
The calculated value of k will be limited to this value.
Max. slenderness
If the slenderness of the checked member exceeds this value,
the program will print a warning in the output.
Check bounds
Individual results of checks for timber members are divided into three groups in accordance with the standard:
unused
unity check lower than the lower limit
optimal
unity check between the lower and upper limit
non-satisfying
unity check greater than the upper limit
The items in Check bounds group can be used to set the lower and upper limit. The default values are 0.25 for the lower
limit and 1.0 for the upper limit.
Once the calculation is performed and the results drawn in the graphical window, the adjusted limits control the colour of
result diagram.
Service class setting
1
Class 1 is characterized by a moisture content in the materials
corresponding to a temperature of 20C and the relative
humidity of the surrounding air only exceeding 65% for a few
weeks per year.
Class 2 is characterized by a moisture content in the materials
corresponding to a temperature of 20C and the relative
humidity of the surrounding air only exceeding 85% for a few
weeks per year.
Class 3 climatic conditions leading to higher moisture contents
than in service class 2.
k mod, k def
For each selected service class you can specify the modification factors k mod depending on the material (Solid and glued
laminated timber, Plywood) and the load duration class (permanent, long-term, medium-term, short term and
instantaneous). (See EC5, table 3.1.7).
For each selected service class you can specify the factors k def depending on the material and the load duration class
(See EC5, table 4.1).
The factor k def is a factor which takes into account the increase in deformation over time due to the combined effect of
creep and moisture.
The load-duration classes are characterized by the effect of a constant load acting for a certain period of time in the life of
the structure.
Load duration class
Time of duration
Examples
permanent
more than 10 years
self-weight
long-term
6 months - 10 years
storage
Parameters
medium-term
1 week 6 months
imposed loads
short-term
less than one week
snow, wind
instantaneous
accidental loads
The load duration class is defined during the input of the load cases.
Adjusting the parameters for design
The user must review and adequately adjust a set of design and calculation parameters prior to performing a successful and
accurate design and checking of a timber member. All the parameters that may be adjusted are integrated into one modal
dialogue.
The procedure for modifying parameters
1.
Call tree menu function Timber > Setup.
2.
The Setup dialogue opens on the screen.
3.
Select the required parameter set.
4.
Input desired values.
5.
Confirm the settings with [OK].
Code check
Performing the check
The procedure to perform the check
1.
Open service Timber.
2.
Select function Check (single click on the function is sufficient to invoke the function).
3.
Select the required type of load.
4.
Select the required load case, combination or class.
5.
Select beams to be checked.
6.
Select the required quantity and if required, make other adjustments in the property window.
7.
Click Action button [Refresh] to see the selected design values.
8.
Repeat steps 3 to 7 as many times as required.
IMPORTANT: Only straight beams can be checked. The solution for curved beams is not implemented.
Detailed check
If required, a selected member can be checked in detail. To do so, press button [SnapCheck] in the Action bar of function
Check.
Single cross-section dialogue provides for detailed view of design results.
Text window
This window contains the results of the check for the selected member presented in tabular form.
Graphical window
A simple result diagram is drawn here.
Next/Previous buttons
You may use these buttons to select other members from the project.
View selection
It is possible to view in the text window either the report on the check or a table of internal forces (effects).
Procedure to perform the detailed check
1.
Open service Timber.
2.
Select function Check (single click on the function is sufficient to invoke the function).
3.
Select the required type of load.
4.
Select the required load case, combination or class.
5.
Press action button [SnapCheck].
6.
Select the beam to be checked.
7.
The SnapCheck dialogue is opened on the screen.
Optimisation
Introduction to optimisation
Once a structure has been designed and calculated, it is the time to perform checking and usually a kind of optimisation of
the original design.
Scia Engineer contains a powerful tool for this task. The optimisation of applied profiles may be done automatically or semiautomatically. The process of optimisation results in what may be called an economical and good solution.
The optimisation process in Scia Engineer is based on assumptions given in the following chapter.
Principles of optimisation
An optimisation in general represents a complex task. A full, complete and really "optimal" optimisation would usually lead to
a long and often recursive process. Therefore, Scia Engineer implements a kind of compromise.
One optimisation step takes account of a single cross-section only
It is possible to optimise one cross-section at a time. The user selects the cross-section from a list of all cross-sections
applied in the structure.
One optimisation step considers only "selected" members
It is possible to limit the optimisation process to only a selected set of members. The user may make a selection to specify
which beams of the given cross-section should be considered for the optimisation calculations.
One optimisation step affects the whole structure
Once the optimised cross-section is found, it is applied to ALL members in the structure that are of the specified crosssection. It is of no importance whether the optimisation calculation was limited to a selected number of beams or not. The
final effect of the optimisation is that the original cross-section is simply replaced with the new, i.e. optimised, cross-section.
Optimisation parameters
The user may control the process of optimisation by means of a set of parameters.
Check parameter
Maximal check
This parameter tells the program what is the maximal allowable value
for satisfactory checking.
Maximum unity check
This item shows the found maximal check result for the optimised
cross-section.
Shape parameters for optimisation
Dimension
This item determines which of the dimensions of the cross-section
should be optimised. All other dimensions remain unchanged.
Step
This item specifies the step by which the selected dimension id
modified in order to give one-step smaller or larger cross-section.
Minimum
This item specifies the minimal size of the selected dimension.
Maximum
This item specifies the maximal size of the selected dimension.
Buttons for manual optimisation
Set value
This button enables the user to set manually the required value of
selected dimension (see above).
Next down
This button finds one-step smaller cross-section according to defined
shape parameters (see above).
Next up
This button finds one-step larger cross-section according to defined
shape parameters (see above).
Buttons for automatic optimisation
Search for optimal
This button finds automatically the optimal cross-section.
Optimising the members
It is possible to perform both automatic and manual optimisation. The process for both is identical except the last but one
step. Therefore, only one procedure will be given here in detail. The other one will be explained briefly.
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Timber Code Check
Procedure for the automatic optimisation of members
1.
Open service Timber.
2.
Select function Check.
3.
In the Property window, go to item Filter and set it to Cross-section.
4.
In the Property window, go to item Cross-section and select the one you want to optimise.
5.
In the Property window, go to item Selection and set it to User or All, depending on your requirements.
6.
If the item is set to User, make the selection and press button [Esc] to close the selection.
7.
If the item Selection has been re-adjusted, press button [Redraw] in order to refresh the screen and see the
appropriate display.
8.
In the Property window, go to item Optimisation and press the button there.
9.
The optimisation dialogue is opened on the screen.
10. Adjust the parameters as required.
11. Press button [Search for optimal]. The program finds the optimal cross-section.
12. If you agree, press [OK] to confirm.
Procedure for the manual optimisation of members
The procedure is identical except step 11.
In manual optimisation, the user must press (repeatedly, if required) buttons [Next down] and [Next Up], in order to find the
optimal cross-section. Alternatively, it is also possible to set the required value directly by means of button [Set value].
Note: The project must be calculated beforehand.
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