Travel A!

" Tourism

#ANKI$E%I BA#A# INSTIT&TE '( MANA)EMENT ST&$IES Kruti Thakkar MBA Executive Semester III Roll Number - 3000

Travel and Tourism

Tourism has al*a+s bee! a ma,or social -he!ome!o! o. a!+ societ+/ It is motivate" b+ the !atural ur0e o. ever+ huma! bei!0 .or !e* ex-erie!ce1 a"ve!ture1 e"ucatio!1 k!o*le"0e a!" e!tertai!me!t/ I! or"er to u!"ersta!" each other2s cultures a!" values as *ell as to cater several other social1 reli0ious a!" busi!ess i!terests1 it has resulte" i! "evelo-me!t o. ma!+ tourist a!" i!.rastructure .acilities/ This1 alo!0 *ith the -ro0ress o. -ro-er tra!s-ortatio! !et*ork 0loball+1 es-eciall+ o. air*a+s a!" *ater*a+s1 has e!coura0e" -eo-le to ve!ture out to the .orei0! la!"s/ It has .acilitate" the tra"e a!" commerce bet*ee! the "i..ere!t re0io!s o. a cou!tr+ a!" bet*ee! the "i..ere!t cou!tries/ As a result1 over the +ears1 it has ac3uire" the status o. a service i!"ustr+/ Tourism1 bei!0 o!e o. the lar0est i!"ustr+1 -la+s a ke+ role i! achievi!0 the socioeco!omic 0oals o. the "evelo-me!t -la!s o. a !atio!/ It is a! im-orta!t serviceorie!te" sector *hich has ma"e ra-i" stri"es 0loball+ i! terms o. 0ross reve!ue a!" .orei0! excha!0e ear!i!0s/ It is a com-osite o. service -rovi"ers1 both -ublic a!" -rivate1 *hich i!clu"es travel a0e!ts a!" tour o-erators4 air1 rail a!" sea tra!s-ortatio! o-erators4 0ui"es4 o*!ers o. hotels1 0uest houses a!" i!!s1 restaura!ts a!" sho-s4 etc/ The+ are i!volve" i! meeti!0 the "iverse i!terests a!" re3uireme!ts o. "omestic a!" i!ter!atio!al tourists/ The tourism i!"ustr+ -rovi"es

i!ce!tives to .oster the 3ualit+ o. e!viro!me!t1 0e!erates more em-lo+me!t o--ortu!ities 6-articularl+ i! remote a!" back*ar" areas7 as *ell as "evelo-s !ecessar+ i!.rastructure .acilities like roa"s1 telecom a!" me"ical services1 i! the eco!om+/ Tourism is a! i!"ustr+ that o-erates o! a massivel+ broa" scale/ It embraces activities ra!0i!0 .rom the smallest sea-si"e hotel1 to air-li!es1 multi-!atio!al hotel chai!s a!" ma,or i!ter!atio!al tour o-erators/ 'ri0i!all+1 !o!-tra"itio!al i!"ustries such as tourism emer0e" as a solutio! to strike a bala!ce bet*ee! ecolo0+ a!" i!"ustr+/ The tourism i!"ustr+ is !o* o!e o. the lar0est sectors ear!i!0 .orei0! excha!0e .or the exche3uer/ I! the .ace o. such be!e.its1 ma!+ cou!tries have starte" assi0!i!0 "ue *ei0hta0e to the tourism i!"ustr+ i! their !atio!al "evelo-me!t a0e!"a/

Tourism in India

I! I!"ia1 tourism i!"ustr+ hol"s s-ecial -ositio! as it !ot o!l+ have -ote!tial to 0ro* at a hi0h rate1 but also stimulate other eco!omic sectors throu0h its back*ar" a!" .or*ar" li!ka0es a!" cross-sectio!al s+!er0ies *ith sectors like a0riculture1 horticulture1 -oultr+1 ha!"icra.ts1 tra!s-ort1 co!structio!1 etc/ That is1 it ca! -rovi"e im-etus to other i!"ustries i! the cou!tr+ a!" 0e!erate e!ou0h *ealth to hel- -a+ o.. the i!ter!atio!al "ebt/ It is the thir" lar0est !et ear!er o. .orei0! excha!0e .or the cou!tr+/ The travel a!" tourism sector co!tributes to the !atio!al i!te0ratio!4 -reserves !atural a!" cultural e!viro!me!ts4 as *ell as e!riches social a!" cultural lives o. the -eo-le/ It has the ca-acit+ to create substa!tial ,ob o--ortu!ities1 -articularl+ .or u!skille" a!" semi-skille" *orkers as *ell as to alleviate the -overt+ i! the cou!tr+/ That2s *h+4 it has bee! re0ar"e" as the core sectors o. the I!"ia! eco!om+/

)ive! I!"ia2s u!i3ue e!"o*me!ts o. bio"iversit+1 .orests1 rivers1 mou!tai!s1 historical -laces1 tem-les a!" -il0rims1 caves1 museums1 mo!ume!ts a!" culture1 the i!"ustr+ hol"s imme!se stre!0th .or obtai!i!0 hi0her 0ro*th rate/ The challe!0es i! the sector lie i! [Link]+ -reservi!0 these i! their ori0i!al .orm1 a!" maki!0 them accessible to "omestic a!" i!ter!atio!al travelers/ I!"ia o..ers various cate0ories o. tourism -ro"ucts1 such as a"ve!ture tourism4 me"ical tourism 6a+urve"a a!" other .orms o. I!"ia! me"icatio!s71 eco-tourism4 rural tourism4 cruise tourism4 meeti!0s1 i!ce!tives1 co!.ere!ces1 a!" exhibitio!s 6MI8E7 tourism4 etc/

Tourism statistics
Tourism is o!e o. the *orl"2s .astest 0ro*i!0 i!"ustries at -rese!t a!" hol"s the status o. the *orl"2s !o/ 9 i!"ustr+/ The tourism i!"ustr+ as a *hole is -rese!tl+ estimate" to ear! over &S: 3/; trillio! *orl"*i"e/ The i!"ustr+ creates a ,ob ever+ 5/< seco!"s *ith ever+ o!e o. those "irect ,obs creati!0 a!other 99 i!"irect o!es/ Tourism s-e!"i!0 amou!ts to ;=-90= o. total co!sumer s-e!"i!0 i! a +ear *orl"*i"e/ 6I!"ia>s share o. the total market is a -itta!ce at 0/;9=/ The !o!-tourist cou!tries like Mala+sia a!" I!"o!esia 0et much more tourists tha! I!"ia/ The avera0e "uratio! o. sta+ o. .orei0! tourist i! I!"ia is o!e o. the hi0hest i! the *orl"/ '! a! avera0e1 it excee"s 5? "a+s i! the case o. !o!--acka0e tourists a!" is 9< "a+s i! the case o. -acka0e tourists/ Tourism has the "isti!ctio! o. bei!0 the thir" lar0est ex-ort i!"ustr+ [Link] 0ems a!" ,e*eller+ a!" rea"+ma"e 0arme!ts i! I!"ia/ The Tourism i!"ustr+2s .orei0! excha!0e ear!i!0s i! I!"ia are arou!" :3/5 billio!/ Tourism is the hi0hest .orei0! excha!0e ear!er i. *e co!si"er the .act that !et value a""itio! i! )ems a!" ,e*eller+ is less tha! 30 = *hereas1 i! tourism it is more tha! 0 =/ It also has o!e o. the best em-lo+me!t multi-liers *he! com-are" *ith a!+ other i!"ustr+ i! I!"ia/ It 0e!erates maximum ,ob o--ortu!ities1 as it -rovi"es "irect em-lo+me!t to /9 millio! -eo-le a!" i!"irect em-lo+me!t to a!other 95/< millio!/

Key numbers:
(rom 9 ;0 to 500;1 i!ter!atio!al tourism arrivals ex-a!"e" at a! a!!ual rate o. @/;=1 0ro*i!0 .rom 5; millio! to A0@ millio! travelers/ The i!come 0e!erate" b+ these arrivals 0re* at a! eve! stro!0er rate reachi!0 99/5= "uri!0 the same -erio"1 out0ro*i!0 the *orl" eco!om+1 reachi!0 arou!" &S: @A0 billio! i! 500;/ Bhile i! 9 ;0 the to- 9; "esti!atio!s absorbe" AA= o. i!ter!atio!al arrivals1 i! 9 ?0 the -ro-ortio! *as ?;= a!" "ecrease" to ;?= i! 500;1 [Link]!0 the emer0e!ce o. !e* "esti!atio!s1 ma!+ o. them i! "evelo-i!0 cou!tries/

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Current developments & forecasts:

Average length of stay in the country

Government Initiatives
Ministry of Tourism

It acts as the !o"al a0e!c+ .or the "evelo-me!t a!" -romotio! o. tourism i! the cou!tr+/ It -la+s a crucial role i! .ormulati!0 !atio!al -olicies a!" -ro0ram as *ell as coor"i!ati!0 a!" su--leme!ti!0 the e..orts o. the StateC&!io! Territor+ )over!me!ts a!" -rivate sector i! im-rovi!0 the 3ualit+ o. tourism i!.rastructure/ It catal+Des -rivate i!vestme!t1 stre!0the!s -romotio!al a!" marketi!0 e..orts a!" hel-s i! -rovi"i!0 trai!e" ma!-o*er resources/ As re0ar"s the "omestic market1 the Mi!istr+ aims to -o-ulariDe the culture a!" !atural beaut+ o. "i..ere!t re0io!s1 -il0rim sites a!" various !e* tourism -ro"ucts/ Some of the e amples for development and promotion in tourism are: @

"a#asthan$The %and of the Kings

Ra,astha!1 the Fa!" o. the Ki!0s1 is I!"ia at its exotic a!" [Link] best/ It is the home o. the Ra,-uts1 a 0rou- o. *arrior cla!s *ho have co!trolle" this -art o. I!"ia .or 9000 +ears accor"i!0 to a co"e o. chivalr+ a!" ho!our aki! to that .ollo*e" b+ me"ieval Euro-e2s k!i0hts/ Althou0h the .ortu!es o. its .ormer rulers ma+ be i! tatters1 the culture o. Ra,astha!1 *ith its battle-scarre" .orts1 amaDi!0 -alaces1 riotous colours a!" se!se o. 0alla!tr+1 is still ver+ much alive/ The harsh Ra,astha!i la!"sca-e a!" tribal customs have .ashio!e" a -eo-le a!" culture *hich are visibl+ "i..ere!t .rom those .ou!" i! the rest o. I!"ia - .rom the hu0e1 -astel-coloure" turba!s a!" sou--strai!er moustaches s-orte" b+ the me! to the bri0ht mirrore" skirts a!" chu!k+ silver ,e*eller+ o. the *ome!/ The+ have also e!"o*e" the state *ith a ma0ical air o. roma!ce1 s-eckle" *ith "esert .orts1 lush oases1 a!" exotic cities that rise out o. the la!"sca-e like shimmeri!0 back"ro-s to Tales o. the Arabia! Ni0hts/ No-o!e visits Ra,astha! *ithout taki!0 home su-erb memories1 a -arcel o. .olk art a!" a lot o. sa!"/ Thou0h these resources are there1 so *hatG The+ are also -rese!t i! other states like Ma"h+a Hra"esh/ The! *hat is "i..ere!t .or Ra,astha!G [Link] "eci"i!0 *hat to o..er to the i!ter!atio!al tourist1 a state shoul" .irst .i!" out that *hat is it that this tourist *a!tsG Ra,astha! seems to have .ou!" a! a!s*er to it a!" thus has become a .avoure" "esti!atio! o. tourists/ Bhat Ra,astha! o..ers is !ot a mere site-seei!0 tour like a!+ other historicall+ si0![Link]!t -lace1 but treats the tourists to a! ex-erie!ce o. times b+0o!e/ It ma+ be a ri"e aboar" 2Halace o! Bheels2 or a sta+ i! a!+ o. the Eerita0e hotels stre*! across the state1 .or the ri0ht -rice Ra,astha! makes +ou .eel ro+al/ This has !ot bee! a!+ eas+ task to accom-lish/ The combi!e" e..orts o. the -ublic a!" the state 0over!me!t have ma"e it -ossible .or "esert state to trium-ha!tl+ march i! the cou!tr+2s other*ise .u!ereal tourism sce!ario/ o. tourism1 30 other o-erati!0 herita0e -ro-erties a!" 95 are i! the -la!!i!0 sta0es/ A!" as ma!+ as ;@ -ro-erties have ex-resse" i!terest i! o..eri!0 ?

themselves .or the herita0e status/ Kerala & God's o(n Country

A!+ me!tio! about Kerala1 co!,ures i! o!e>s mi!"1 a! ima0e o. -risti!e back*aters1 -alm .ri!0e" beaches1 tra!3uil villa0es a!" 0ree!er+ i! -[Link]!/ )o" has 0e!erousl+ besto*e" this la!" *ith the bou!ties o. !ature a!" so it o!l+ seems !atural *he! Kerala is [Link]" to1 as )o">s o*! cou!tr+/ A much [Link] "esti!atio! .or tourists i! I!"ia a!" abroa"1 Kerala is !ame" as o!e o. the ITe! Hara"ises o. the Borl"> a!" I(i.t+ Hlaces o. a [Link]> b+ the Natio!al )eo0ra-hic Traveler Ma0aDi!e/ The alluri!0 sere!it+ o. this -lace leaves ever+ tourist s-ell bou!"1 maki!0 them come back [Link] +ear Be it the su!-kisse" beaches or the mist+ hill statio!s4 the rh+thmic back*aters or the .orestla!"s rich *ith all varieties o. .lora a!" .au!a4 -il0rim ce!ters or historic mo!ume!ts4 Kerala has ever+thi!0 +ou mi0ht travel .ar a!" *i"e to see/

) ample for neglected state for development and promotion is: Si**im$ Small but +eautiful

Sikkim the ti!+ Eimala+a! state a!" o!e o. the smallest o. the I!"ia! u!io! has the -ote!tial o. becomi!0 a lar0e tourist attractio!/ Nestle" i! the ma0![Link]!t Eimala+as this state has !ature at its most [Link]/ I! a""itio!1 the u!touche" air o. this state takes o!e back to the time *he! ma! a!" !ature coexiste" harmo!iousl+/ The -ure air a!" clea! *ater "oes *o!"ers .or o!e2s se!ses/ Ever+*here o!e marvels at sites o. a s-ri!0 stream orchar" bloom/ $es-ite bei!0 e!"o*e" *ith vir0i! resources1 *hich coul" tur! it i!to a ma,or i!ter!atio!al "esti!atio! .or s-ecial ki!"s o. hi0h-value tourism1 the state remai!s i! the back*oo"s o. such activities/ The tourism i! the state is virtuall+ abse!t1 the reaso!s site" b+ the o..ice bearers are -the securit+orie!te" a--roach o. the ce!tre1 *hich virtuall+ throttle" the "evelo-me!t o. the state1 is tourism/ To visit this state o!e has to 0o throu0h !umber o. cleara!ces a!" i. o!e is a .orei0! !atio!al the! this !umber i!creases ex-o!e!tiall+/ But this seems to be a sill+ excuse b+ the 0over!me!t to hi"e its i!e..icie!cies/ The i!.rastructure i! the state is so -oor that the eve! locals *oul" !ot rel+ o! them/ Basic .acilities like roa"s are abse!t/ Bhatever the reaso!s this ,e*el o. the Eimala+as la+s *aste" *he! I!"ia is cr+i!0 out .or i!ter!atio!al tourists/

The Mi!istr+ has a -ublic sector u!"ertaki!01 !amel+ the I!"ia Tourism $evelo-me!t 8or-oratio! 6IT$87 The mai! ob,ectives o. the 8or-oratio! areJ
o o o o o o o To co!struct1 take over a!" ma!a0e existi!0 hotels a!" market hotels1 Beach Resorts1 Travelers> Fo"0esCRestaura!ts4 To -rovi"e tra!s-ort1 e!tertai!me!t1 sho--i!0 a!" co!ve!tio!al services4 To -ro"uce1 "istribute1 tourist -ublicit+ material4 To re!"er co!sulta!c+-cum-ma!a0erial services i! I!"ia a!" abroa"4 To carr+ o! the busi!ess as (ull-(le"0e" Mo!e+ 8ha!0ers 6((M871 restricte" mo!e+ cha!0ers etc4 a!" To -rovi"e i!!ovati!01 "e-e!"able a!" value .or mo!e+ solutio!s to the !ee"s o. tourism "evelo-me!t a!" e!0i!eeri!0 i!"ustr+ i!clu"i!0 -rovi"i!0 co!sulta!c+ a!" -ro,ect im-leme!tatio!/

I!"ia! I!stitute o. Tourism a!" Travel Ma!a0eme!t 6IITTM7 I!"ia! I!stitute o. Tourism a!" Travel Ma!a0eme!t 6IITTM71 a! auto!omous or0a!iDatio! o. the Mi!istr+ o. Tourism1 )over!me!t o. I!"ia1 is o!e o. the -remier i!stitutes i! the cou!tr+ o..eri!0 e"ucatio!1 trai!i!01 research a!" co!sulta!c+ i! sustai!able ma!a0eme!t o. tourism1 travel a!" other allie" sectors/ Natio!al I!stitute o. Bater S-orts 6NIBS7 The Natio!al I!stitute o. Baters-orts 6NIBS7 has bee! setu- b+ the Mi!istr+ o. Tourism as a! Ia-ex> i!stitute o. trai!i!01 e"ucatio!1 co!sulta!c+ a!" research to usher i! a! era o. leisure-*aters-orti!0 se0me!t i! the cou!tr+/ Natio!al 8ou!cil .or Eotel Ma!a0eme!t a!" 8ateri!0 Tech!olo0+ 6N8EM8T7 Natio!al 8ou!cil .or Eotel Ma!a0eme!t a!" 8ateri!0 Tech!olo0+ a!" its a..iliate" I!stitutes co!sta!tl+ e!"eavor to im-art Eos-italit+1 k!o*le"0e1 skills1 co!ce-ts a!" tech!i3ues i! the ri0ht e!viro!me!t .or the stu"e!ts to lear! a!" emer0e as 0lobal Eos-italit+ Service -rovi"ers/ I!stitutes o. Eotel Ma!a0eme!t 6IEM7/

The Mi!istr+ has bee! u!"ertaki!0 several -olic+ measures a!" i!ce!tives so as to boost 0ro*th o. the sector a!" attract the i!vestors the *orl" over/ The most im-orta!t bei!0 the1 ,ational Tourism -olicy (ormulate" i! the +ear 50051 it aims to "evelo- tourism i! I!"ia i! a s+stematic ma!!er/ It e!visa0es a .rame*ork1 *ithi! *hich the )over!me!t hel-s to create the basic i!.rastructure a!" le0islative set u- .or tourism "evelo-me!t1 *hile the -rivate sector hel-s to -rovi"e the 3ualit+ -ro"ucts a!" o..er active su--ort services/ The broa" ob,ectives o. the -olic+ are toJ Hositio! tourism as a ma,or e!0i!e o. eco!omic 0ro*th/ 90

 Ear!ess the "irect a!" multi-lier e..ects o. tourism .or em-lo+me!t 0e!eratio!1 eco!omic "evelo-me!t a!" -rovi"i!0 im-etus to rural tourism/ (ocus o! "omestic tourism as a ma,or "river o. tourism 0ro*th/ Hositio! I!"ia as a 0lobal bra!" to take a"va!ta0e o. the bur0eo!i!0 0lobal travel tra"e a!" the vast u!ta--e" -ote!tial o. I!"ia as a "esti!atio!/ Ack!o*le"0e the critical role o. -rivate sector *ith )over!me!t *orki!0 as a -ro-active .acilitator a!" catal+st/ 8reate a!" "evelo- i!te0rate" tourism circuits base" o! I!"ia>s u!i3ue civiliDatio!1 herita0e a!" culture i! -art!ershi- *ith States1 -rivate sector a!" other a0e!cies/ E!sure that the tourists to I!"ia 0ets -h+sicall+ i!vi0orate"1 me!tall+ re,uve!ate"1 culturall+ e!riche"1 s-irituall+ elevate" a!" [Link] I!"ia .rom *ithi!2/ Bith these ob,ectives1 the Mi!istr+ o. Tourism has bee! im-leme!ti!0C im-leme!te" the .ollo*i!0 schemesC-ro0rams/ broa"l+

Scheme .or Hro"uctC I!.rastructure $evelo-me!t a!" $esti!atio! a!" 8ircuits Scheme .or I!te0rate" $evelo-me!t o. Tourist 8ircuit Scheme o. Assista!ce .or Far0e Reve!ue )e!erati!0 6FR)7 Hro,ects Scheme o. 8a-acit+ Buil"i!0 .or Service Hrovi"ers 68BSH7 Scheme o. Rural Tourism Scheme o. (i!a!cial Assista!ce to States .or 'r0a!iDatio! Tourism Relate" Eve!ts Scheme o. 8e!tral (i!a!cial Assista!ce .or I!.ormatio! Tech!olo0+ 6IT7 Hro,ects Scheme .or Su--ort to Hublic Hrivate Hart!ershi- i! I!.rastructure $evelo-me!t 6%iabilit+ )a- (u!"i!07 Scheme o. Market $evelo-me!t Assista!ce 6M$A7 8a-ital Subsi"+ Time Share Resorts 6TSR7 Market Research- [Link]!al Services

Besi"es1 the Mi!istr+ has bee! ru!!i!0 a scheme o. ,ational Tourism A(ards

99

It is 0ive! to various se0me!ts o. the travel a!" tourism i!"ustr+ ever+ +ear/ These a*ar"s are -rese!te" to State )over!me!ts1 [Link]" hotels1 herita0e hotels1 a--rove" travel a0e!ts1 tour o-erators a!" tourist tra!s-ort o-erators1 i!"ivi"uals a!" other -rivate or0a!iDatio!s i! reco0!itio! o. their -[Link]!ces i! their res-ective .iel"s/ (or i!sta!ce1 a*ar"s .or best a"ve!ture tour o-erator1 best "omestic tour o-erator1 most i!!ovative tour o-erator1 best MI8E o-erator1 a!" best tourist tra!s-ort o-erator1 best hotels i! the "i..ere!t cate0ories1 etc/ A*ar"s are also 0ive! to the meritorious stu"e!ts o. the I!stitutes o. Eotel Ma!a0eme!t as *ell as I!"ia! I!stitute o. Tourism a!" Travel Ma!a0eme!t/ The selectio! o. the a*ar"ees has bee! ma"e b+ the 8ommittees co!stitute" .or the -ur-ose/ The "ecisio! o. the Mi!istr+ is .i!al a!" bi!"i!0/ .Incredible lndia. campaign

There has bee! a remarkable 0ro*th1 i! the rece!t +ears1 i! .orei0! tourist arrivals to I!"ia "ue to the various e..orts ma"e b+ the Mi!istr+1 i!clu"i!0 -romoti!0 I!"ia throu0h the 2I!cre"ible l!"ia2 cam-ai0! i! overseas markets/ I!cre"ible I!"ia is a multi--ro!0e" -romotio!al cam-ai0! lau!che" b+ the Mi!istr+ i! or"er to -ositio! the cou!tr+ as a -[Link]" tourist "esti!atio! .or the travelers the *orl" over/ As a result o. all such e..orts1 I!"ia2s share i! i!ter!atio!al tourist arrivals1 *hich *as 0/3< -er ce!t i! 50051 has i!crease" to 0/< -er ce!t "uri!0 500;/ The .orei0! tourist arrivals have i!crease" b+ about @; -er ce!t .rom a level o. 5/3A millio! i! 5005 to 3/ 5 millio! i! 500;/ I! the +ear 500@1 it has rise! to </<3 millio!1 re0isteri!0 a! im-ressive i!crease o. arou!" 93 -er ce!t/ Similarl+1 the .orei0! excha!0e ear!i!0s .rom tourism have also sho*! a -he!ome!al 0ro*th .rom &S: 95

;?30/A@ millio! i! 500; to &S: @;@ /3< millio! i! 500@1 achievi!0 a! i!crease o. 9</@ -er ce!t/ /orld Tourism 0rgani1ation 2/T03

Accor"i!0 to the BT'1 i! the +ear 500;1 about A0A millio! tourists travele" i!ter!atio!all+ 6re0istere" a 0ro*th o. ;/@ -er ce!t over 500<7 a!" the tourism recei-ts have bee! about &S: @A5 billio!/ To 0ive reco0!itio! to tourism as a source o. i!come a!" em-lo+me!t 0e!erator i! the eco!om+1 a 2Tourism Satellite Accou!ti!0 6TSA72 has bee! "evelo-e"/ TSA e!ables the Mi!istr+ to 3ua!ti.+ the be![Link] o. tourism i! terms o. co!tributio! to 0ross "omestic -ro"uct 6)$H7 a!" em-lo+me!t 6both "irect a!" i!"irect im-acts7/ I!"ia is amo!0 the .e* cou!tries i! the *orl" to "evelo- TSA/ As -er the TSA stu"+1 the co!tributio! o. tourism i! )$H o. the cou!tr+ has bee! ;/ 0 -er ce!t i! 5003-0<1 *hile em-lo+me!t i! tourism sector 6both "irect a!" i!"irect7 has bee! <9/A millio! i! the same +ear1 thus accou!ti!0 .or A/?A -er ce!t o. total em-lo+me!t i! the cou!tr+/ BT' is the .orum .or busi!ess lea"ers i! the travel a!" tourism i!"ustr+/ It a""resses challe!0es a!" o--ortu!ities that a..ect all sectors o. the i!"ustr+ 0loball+/ It *orks to raise a*are!ess o. travel a!" tourism as o!e o. the *orl"2s lar0est i!"ustries1 em-lo+i!0 a--roximatel+ 539 millio! -eo-le a!" 0e!erati!0 over 90/< -er ce!t o. *orl" )$H/ It is .irml+ committe" to realiDi!0 I!"ia! tourism i!"ustr+2s -ote!tial .or 0ro*th a!" e!suri!0 maximum a!" sustai!able be![Link] .or ever+o!e i!volve"/ Accor"i!0 to the BTT81 tourism accou!te" .or 90/@ -er ce!t o. 0lobal )$H1 95/0 -er ce!t o. the total *orl" ex-orts a!" A/3 -er ce!t o. 0lobal em-lo+me!t i! the +ear 500;/ (or 500@1 it .orecaste" that travel a!" tourism *oul" 0e!erate 53< millio! "irect a!" i!"irect ,obs *orl"*i"e1 accou!ti!0 .or A/? -er ce!t o. 0lobal em-lo+me!t1 a!" co!tribute u- to 90/3 -er ce!t o. 0lobal )$H/ Accor"i!0 to the same estimate1 the 0lobal travel a!" tourism activit+ is ex-ecte" to i!crease b+ </? -er ce!t bet*ee! 500? a!" 509@/ Thus1 I!"ia! travel a!" tourism i!"ustr+ has bee! o! rise a!" is 0ai!i!0 -o-ularit+ amo!0st travelers all over the *orl"/ It is a! e!0i!e o. 0ro*th .or I!"ia! eco!om+ a!" hel-s to -romote sustai!e" "evelo-me!t o. i!.rastructure1 such as air-orts1 rail*a+s a!" roa"s1 lea"i!0 to co!!ectivit+ o. various tourist "esti!atio!s/ Besi"es1 im-roveme!t a!" ex-a!sio! o. existi!0 a!" !e* tourism -ro"ucts such as cultural a!" herita0e tourism1 rural tourism1 a"ve!ture tourism1 health a!" heali!0 tourism1 etc4 -romotio! o. 2I!cre"ible I!"ia2 cam-ai0!s4 as *ell as active -artici-atio! o. State )over!me!ts therei! establishes I!"ia2s com-etitive a"va!ta0e i! the sector/ This has e!ha!ce" the .orei0! excha!0e ear!i!0s o. the cou!tr+ as *ell as 93

im-rove" its tra"e relatio!s *ith other !atio!s/ All such measures a!" i!ce!tives1 u!"ertake! b+ -ublic a!" -rivate sectors1 are a source o. several i!vestme!t o--ortu!ities i! the i!"ustr+/ /orld Tourism !ay The i!stitutio! o. so-calle" *orl" "a+s to hi0hli0ht amo!0 0over!me!t a!" -rivate circles a!" the -ublic at lar0e1 salie!t .eatures o. the activities o. i!ter0over!me!tal or0a!iDatio!s1 is a *i"es-rea" -ractice/ Each +ear1 the or0a!iDatio!s belo!0i!0 to the &!ite" Natio!s S+stem1 .or exam-le1 celebrate *orl" "a+s "evote" to the &!ite" Natio!s4 *orl" -eace4 huma! ri0hts4 health4 literac+4 e!viro!me!t4 *oma!hoo"4 chil"hoo"4 coo-eratio! .or "evelo-me!t4 meteorolo0+4 telecommu!icatio!s1 etc/ Establishme!t o. the Borl" Tourism $a+ It *as at its thir" sessio! 6Torremoli!os1 S-ai!1 Se-tember 9 ? 71 that the )e!eral Assembl+ o. the Borl" Tourism 'r0a!iDatio! 6&N&NBT'7 "eci"e" to i!stitute1 comme!ci!0 i! the +ear 9 A0/ B'RF$ T'&RISM $AK is to be commemorate" o! 5? Se-tember each +ear b+ a--ro-riate eve!ts o! themes selecte" b+ the )e!eral Assembl+1 o! recomme!"atio! o. &NBT'2s Executive 8ou!cil/ This "ate *as chose! to coi!ci"e *ith a! im-orta!t milesto!e i! *orl" tourismJ the a!!iversar+ o. the a"o-tio! o. the &NBT' Statutes o! 5? Se-tember 9 ?0/ The mai! -ur-ose o. Borl" Tourism $a+ is to .oster a*are!ess amo!0 the i!ter!atio!al commu!it+ o. the im-orta!ce o. tourism a!" its social1 cultural1 -olitical a!" eco!omic values/ The timi!0 o. Borl" Tourism $a+ is i!"ee" -articularl+ a--ro-riate i! that it comes at the e!" o. the hi0h seaso! i! the !orther! hemis-here a!" the be0i!!i!0 o. the seaso! i! the souther! hemis-here1 *he! tourism is o. to-ical i!terest to hu!"re"s o. thousa!"s o. -eo-le *orl"*i"e .rom all *alks o. li.e a!" to tourists a!" the o-eratio!al sector i! -articular/ The 'r0a!iDatio! i!vites all i!tereste" -arties to take -art o! 5? Se-tember each +ear i! the s-ecial celebratio!s taki!0 -lace i! their res-ective cou!tr+ or holi"a+ "esti!atio!/ The &NBT' Secretar+-)e!eral issues a messa0e each +ear to mark the occasio!

Steps ta*en to ma*e India $ a tourist attraction 9/ To -rovi"e .or the [Link]+ a!" securit+ o. tourists1 A!"hra Hra"esh1 )oa1 Kerala1 #ammu a!" Kashmir1 Ra,astha!1 Eimachal Hra"esh1 Maharashtra1 &ttar Hra"esh a!" $elhi have "e-lo+e" trai!e" a!" motivate" -olice .orce at tourist -laces/ The 8e!tre has take! u- *ith state 0over!me!ts the issue o. e!actme!t o. a Tourist Tra"e Act1 to co!serve a!" -reserve tourist areas a!" .or the a--roval o. -erso!sCa0e!ciesCi!stitutio!s "eali!0 *ith travel a!" tourism tra"e o..eri!0 3ualit+ services/ Revise" 0ui"eli!es .or tourist 0ui"es1 travel a0e!ts1 tour o-erators a!" tourist tra!s-ort o-erators have bee! issue" to -reve!t harassme!t o. tourists/ 5/ Eotel ma!a0eme!t a!" cateri!0 e"ucatio! -ro0rams assume s-ecial im-orta!ce i! vie* o. the mo"er!iDatio! a!" ex-a!sio! o. the cou!tr+>s hos-italit+ i!"ustr+/

9<

8urre!tl+1 there are 5< I!stitutes o. Eotel Ma!a0eme!t a!" six (oo" 8ra.t I!stitutes *hich .ollo* the curriculum o. the Natio!al 8ou!cil o. Eotel Ma!a0eme!t a!" 8ateri!0 Tech!olo0+ 6N8EM8T7/ The I!"ia! I!stitute o. Travel a!" Tourism Ma!a0eme!t 6IITTM at )*alior caters to the re3uireme!t o. -[Link]!als i! the travel a!" tourism sector/ The Natio!al I!stitute o. Bater S-orts at )oa a!" the I!"ia! I!stitute o. Skii!0 a!" Mou!tai!eeri!0 at )ulmar0 are -remier i!stitutes meeti!0 the !ee"s .or u-0ra"i!0 the skills o. service -rovi"ers i! a"ve!ture a!" *ater s-orts/ I! or"er to break !e* 0rou!" i! culi!ar+ arts1 the Mi!istr+ o. Tourism is setti!0 u- a! A"va!ce" I!stitute o. 8uli!ar+ Arts as a ,oi!t ve!ture *ith -rivate aca"emic i!stitutio!s/ 3/ A !e* scheme o! 8a-acit+ Buil"i!0 .or Service Hrovi"ers1 lau!che" i! the Te!th Hla!1 -rovi"es trai!i!01 throu0h o!e to .ive "a+ mo"ules1 to -erso!s *ho are *orki!0 i! the u!or0a!iDe" sectors1 a!" others *ho come i!to co!tact *ith a lar0e !umber o. tourists1 like those *orki!0 i! small hotels1 roa"si"e eati!0 -laces1 "habas1 ticketi!0 a0e!ts1 travel a0e!cies1 -olice -erso!!el etc/ The trai!i!0 covers cooki!0 tech!i3ues1 basic !utritio! values1 !utritio! -reservatio!1 eti3uette1 basic tourism a*are!ess1 commu!icatio! skills1 behaviour skills1 .irst ai" a!" also e!er0+ co!servatio!/ The scheme has -rovi"e" the basic .rame*ork .or a cou!tr+*i"e trai!i!0 -ro0ram i! huma! resource "evelo-me!t .or various 0rou-s o. service -rovi"ers i! the tourism i!"ustr+/ </ The ma,or be![Link] o. tourism "evelo-me!t are -rivate sector a0e!cies like tour o-erators1 hotels1 tra!s-ort o-erators1 restaura!ts etc/ There is !ee" .or hi0her levels o. -artici-atio! b+ the -rivate sector i! all sta0es o. tourism "evelo-me!t/ The Mi!istr+ o. Tourism has issue" 0ui"eli!es .or the -rivatiDatio! o. assets create" *ith 8e!tral .i!a!cial assista!ce like accommo"atio! u!its1 *a+si"e ame!ities etc .or better ma!a0eme!t a!" mai!te!a!ce/ The Mi!istr+ has also i!tro"uce" a scheme .or -rivate -artici-atio! i! reve!ue 0e!erati!0 -ro,ects *ith 5; -erce!t e3uit+ .rom the 0over!me!t/ The scheme o. the Mi!istr+ o. (i!a!ce .or viabilit+ 0a.u!"i!0 .or su--orti!0 -ublic--rivate -art!ershi-s i! i!.rastructure covers1 i!ter alias1 su--ort .or co!ve!tio! ce!ters/ The .easibilit+ o. coveri!0 bu"0et hotel accommo"atio! u!"er the scheme is bei!0 co!si"ere"/ ;/ It is evi"e!t .rom the i!crease" activit+ i! the "evelo-me!t o. hotels a!" resorts alo!0 the *il"li.e circuits that the tourism sector is res-o!"i!0 to the i!creasi!0 "ema!" .or ecotourism/ I!"ia has a si0![Link]!t !umber o. *il"li.e sa!ctuaries a!" !atio!al -arks a!" the+ -rovi"e a 0reat o--ortu!it+ .or ex-a!"i!0 the tourism market/ The Mi!istr+ o. Tourism .ormulate" a -olic+ o! eco-tourism i! 9 A i!volvi!0 a selective a--roach1 scie![Link] -la!!i!01 e..ective co!trol a!" co!ti!uous mo!itori!0/ The car"i!al -ri!ci-les o. the -olic+ areJ o I!volve the local commu!it+ i! tourism activities/ o I"e!ti.+ a!" attem-t to mi!imiDe the likel+ co!.licts bet*ee! use o. resources .or tourism a!" livelihoo" o. local i!habita!ts/ o The .orm a!" scale o. tourism "evelo-me!t shoul" be i! harmo!+ *ith the e!viro!me!t a!" socio-cultural characteristics o. the local commu!it+ o It shoul" be -la!!e" as a -art o. the overall area "evelo-me!t strate0+1 0ui"e" b+ a! i!te0rate" la!"-use -la! a!" be associate" *ith comme!surate ex-a!sio! o. -ublic services/

9;

@/ '-eratio!al 0ui"eli!es .or the im-leme!tatio! o. the -olic+ b+ the states a!" the tourism tra"e are also i! -lace/ The 8e!tral 0over!me!t has also set u- a Natio!al 8ommittee o! Eco-Tourism a!" Mou!tai!s to *ork out "etails o. ma!a0i!0 the .ra0ile ecos+stem a!" to co!si"er -ro0rams .or "evelo-me!t o. eco-tourism i! the cou!tr+/ The 8ommittee !ee"s to 0ive -riorit+ to the eco-s+stems1 *hich are comi!0 u!"er -ressure .rom 0ro*i!0 -o-ulatio! a!" !ature-relate" .actors like lo*er rai!.all ?/ Eealth tourism is a!other area *ith a hi0h -ote!tial .or 0ro*th/ Eealth tourism is !o!-seaso!al a!" the avera0e le!0th o. sta+ o. a -erso! is lo!01 "e-e!"i!0 u-o! the me"ical -roce"ure i!volve"/ The lo* cost o. me"ical treatme!t1 hi0h level o. ex-ertise a!" varie" s+stems o. me"ici!e o. I!"ia are .actors that ca! lea" to a! i!creasi!0 share o. health tourists i! the total tourist arrivals/ The souther! states1 es-eciall+ Kerala1 have "evelo-e" health tourism as o!e o. the -ro"ucts .or -romotio! o. tourism/ A/ The Archaeolo0ical Surve+ o. I!"ia 6ASI7 looks [Link] the herita0e sites that are ma,or tourist attractio!s/ (or the i!te0rate" "evelo-me!t o. herita0e sites1 the Mi!istr+ o. tourism has take! u- a lar0e !umber o. -ro,ects "uri!0 the Te!th Hla! -erio" i!volvi!0 u-0ra"i!0 o. .acilities i! the most -o-ular sites i! close coor"i!atio! *ith the ASI/ Actio! -la!s are bei!0 .ormulate" *ith the active i!volveme!t o. state 0over!me!ts .or "evelo-i!0 -o-ular herita0e sites outsi"e the -urvie* o. the ASI throu0h -ublic--rivate -art!ershi-s/ Hublic sector a!" -rivate sector or0a!iDatio!s are bei!0 e!coura0e" to a"o-t some o. the *ell-k!o*! herita0e sites u!"er the ASI .or mai!te!a!ce u!"er the Natio!al 8ultural (u!" ASI levies e!tr+ char0es to each herita0e site/ I! or"er to make lesser-k!o*! herita0e sites also attractive i! re0io!1 a scheme shoul" be i!tro"uce" to .acilitate tourists to visit the maximum !umber o. herita0e sites *ith co!cessio!al e!tr+ char0es Some o. the ste-s are as .ollo*s/ o Re"uctio! i! E!tr+ (ee a!" Hasse!0er Tax .or Mo!ume!ts o 'ver 9?1000 a""itio!al i!ter!atio!al air seat ca-acit+/ o MaximiDi!0 use o. I!.ormatio! Tech!olo0+ (or Hromotio! o Touch Scree! I!.ormatio! Kiosks/ o &--0ra"atio! o. $omestic Airli!es1 better services a!" i!crease" .re3ue!c+ o 8ommu!icatio! revolutio!/ o I!crease Eotel Rooms to 915;1000 b+ 5005/ o More bu"0et .or 'verseas Marketi!0 Bei!0 Restore"/ o More E..icie!t Immi0ratio!/ o (aster Hrocessi!0 o. %isa B+ I!"ia! Missio!s o %isa o! Arrival

Initiatives by private sector

9@

A-art .rom the )ovt/ -la+ers there are -rivate1 tour o-erators a!" / Be have take! the case o. a! o!li!e tour o-erator1 I!"ia!-visit/com4 its -[Link] is as .ollo*sJ Indian$visit4com $ -resenting India in a /ay ,ever Seen +efore I!"ia!-visit/com is a -art o. I!"ia! Eoli"a+ Hvt/ Ft"/ 6earlier k!o*! as TRA(('R$ T'&RS L TRA%EFS71 a -roactive travel or0a!iDatio! i! I!"ia! tourism i!"ustr+ .or the last 90 +ears/ The+ are a -[Link]!all+ ma!a0e" closel+ hel" a0e!c+ a!" ma!a0eme!t co!trol is veste" *ith the .irst 0e!eratio! -romoter e!tre-re!eurs/ Tra!sactio! level o-eratio!s are execute" b+ a team o. -[Link]!all+ [Link]" -[Link]!als1 *ho are *ell verse" *ith the com-lexities o. Travel L Tourism Tra"e/ Their 0uest service team has a cumulative ex-erie!ce o. 900 ma!-+ears i! tourism i!"ustr+/ The team is *ell a*are a!" e3ui--e" to cater to re3uireme!ts o. various market se0me!ts a!" u!"ersta!"s the !ua!ces o. tourism i! I!"ia/ Services Tours: The+ have bee! o-erati!0 a variet+ o. tours .or their )rou-s a!" I!"ivi"ual tourists a!" have bee! able to mastermi!" their tours *ith 0reat "eal o. e..icie!c+/ The com-a!+ s-ecialiDes i! i!bou!" tours a!" o..ers a host o. tourism relate" services to i!bou!" tourists i! the I!"ia a!" !ei0hbori!0 cou!tries like Ne-al1 Bhuta!1 Tibet1 a!" Srila!ka/ %arious tours the+ o..er are as belo*/ o Tailor-ma"e -acka0es o 8ultural tours o A"ve!ture tours o Reli0ious tours o Ko0a L me"itatio! tours o Re,uve!atio! L A+urve"a tours o [Link] o S-ecial i!terest tours1 co!.ere!ces1 i!ce!tives a!" much more 5otel +oo*ing: I!"ivi"ual or 0rou- booki!0 i! a!+ hotel o. a!+ cate0or+ a!" i! a!+ -art o. I!"ia! subco!ti!e!t ca! be -rovi"e" i!sta!tl+/ '*i!0 to their ver+ 0oo" co!!ectio!s *ith the hotels i! almost ever+ -art o. the cou!tr+1 the+ are al*a+s i! a -ositio! to o..er ver+ lucrative "iscou!te" rates to their clie!ts/ E!ter their hotel 3uer+ .orm a!" ,ust let them k!o* the !ame o. cit+ a!" cate0or+ o. hotel a!" *ait .or sometime/ Their -[Link]!als *ill 0et back to +ou i! !o time *ith a !umber o. suitable o-tio!s/ Air +oo*ing: Their exce-tio!all+ 0oo" relatio!s *ith the $omestic a!" I!ter!atio!al Airli!es e!able them to come u- *ith ver+ 0oo" "iscou!ts .or their clie!ts/ Their o!li!e reservatio! s+stem - Abacus hel-s us i! co!.irmi!0 the booki!0s i!sta!tl+ eve! i! the ver+ bus+ sectors/ Itinerary -lanning and Tailor Made 5oliday: I!"ia!-visit has lo!0 bee! hel-i!0 their 0uests *ith !ecessar+ arra!0eme!ts i! ma!+ exciti!0 -ro0rams/ #ust tell them the time o. arrival L "e-arture1 the total "uratio! o. travel a!" +our a--roximate bu"0et/ Rest all leave to them/ Transport: The+ have a lar0e .leet o. cars C coaches at their "is-osal1 a!" 9?

havi!0 the .leet itsel. is !ot e!ou0h1 the+ !ee" to see that the+ use best tra!s-ort .or their clie!ts1 a!" -rovi"e them a 0oo" value .or their mo!e+4 he!ce the+ have mai!tai!e" a se-arate "e-artme!t taki!0 care o. all their tra!s-ort re3uireme!ts/ 0ther Services: School a!" colle0e 0rou- toursJ 8olle0e a!" school 0rou- tours are -robabl+ the most "i..icult o!e to ha!"le as the +ou!0 bo+s a!" 0irls ex-ect a!" "ema!" .ar more .rom their traveli!0 ex-erie!ce tha! other travelers a!" the+ have a!" a! i!satiable a--etite .or e!,o+me!t/ Eve! a small -roblem i! the tour ca! "am-e! their e!thusiasm or ca! "rive them craD+ so ever+thi!0 has to be absolutel+ -[Link] .or such tours/ Their meticulousl+ -la!!e" a!" *ell execute" tours have *o! a !umber o. +ou!0 .rie!"s .or them/ 8it+ si0htseei!0 a!" tour excursio!sJ The+ ca! arra!0e cit+ si0ht seei!0 tours .or i!"ivi"ual C 0rou- traveler i! a!+ o. the tourist "esti!atio!/ The cit+ tour ca! be -rovi"e" i! a! aCc a!" !o! aCc car or coach/ A .our hour hal. "a+ tri- *oul" !ot 0ive the tourist short ex-osure1 to the cit+ a!" a .ull "a+ cit+ tour is there i. the+ have more tha! 0< hours to s-are/ Beat area o. all the cities are covere" *ith a variet+ o. excursio!s1 all or0a!iDe" i! such a *a+ that the+ start i! the mor!i!0 a!" [Link] a! ex-erie!ce to remember1 the+ *oul" come back to the -lace *here the+ starte" .rom1 i! the eve!i!0/ Fimousi!eCluxur+ carC coach servicesJ The+ al*a+s have a lar0e .leet o. cars a!" coaches at their "is-osal a!" ca! -rovi"e the same at a!+ -art o. the subco!ti!e!t .or si0htseei!0 tours1 .or air-ort tra![Link] or .or a!+ such -ur-ose/ The o-eratio!s o. their Tra!s-ort "e-artme!t are i!cre"ibl+ s*i.t a!" silk+ smooth - tha!ks to the lar0e a!" luxurious .leet o. air- co!"itio!e"1 *ell trai!e" a!" "resse" chau..eur "rive! cars a!" coaches at its "is-osal/ Their 3ualit+ co!trol co!ce-t allo*s us to !ot to use more tha! 03 +ears ol" cars C coaches o! lo!0er "rives/ Their chau..eurs are *ell a*are o. the basic ethics o. the travel tra"e a!" hos-italit+ i!"ustr+ thus a -erso!aliDe" service to all the value" 0uests is 0uara!tee"1 eve! i. the+ are traveli!0 o!l+ alo!0 *ith the chau..eur/ Multili!0ual )ui"es L [Link]!al Ex-ertsJ Si0ht seei!0 *ithout 0ui"es serves !o -ur-ose a!" ca! ,ust be a "ull a!" bori!0 ex-erie!ce/ The+ -rovi"e 0ui"es *ho *ith their elo3ue!ce a!" imme!se k!o*le"0e about the cit+ a!" the mo!ume!ts make the si0htseei!0 a 0rati.+i!01 memorable a!" e!,o+able ex-erie!ce/ The+ -rovi"e !ot o!l+ the E!0lish s-eaki!0 0ui"es but also arra!0e the 0ui"es *ho s-eak (re!ch1 )erma!1 Italia!1 #a-a!ese or S-a!ish etc o! -rior re3uest/ '! s-ecial re3uest1 the -[Link]!al escort .rom the com-a!+ accom-a!ies the 0uests "uri!0 the e!tire tour at a ver+ !omi!al

9A

cost a!" hel- i! maki!0 their tri- all the more i!teresti!01 [Link] a!" e!tertai!i!0/ A! accom-a!+i!0 escort *oul" !ot o!l+ e!sure the smooth moveme!t o. tours1 but *ith his C her vivacit+ *oul" a"" to the e!,o+me!t a!" *oul" kee- o! a--raisi!0 the tourist *ith the i!!er a!" "ee- belie.s o. the local resi"e!ts/ $iscou!te" ToursJ I!"ia!-visit/com +our com-lete travel 0ui"e to the i!cre"ible la!" o. I!"ia o..ers tours at the lo*est "iscou!te" ex-e!ses/ '-t .or a!+ o. the "iscou!te" tours -rese!te" to +ou a!" e!" u- savi!0 *hile +ou s-e!"/ Besi"es the "iscou!te" tours are the s-ecial -acka0es a!" custom-tailore" tours are available .or various tourist "esti!atio!s the+ -rovi"e services i!clu"i!0 accommo"atio!s1 si0htseei!0 tours1 o-tio!al excursio!s1 0ui"es a!" -erso!al "rivers1 0rou!" tra!s-ortatio!1 -acka0e tours1 combi!e" i! the "iscou!te" -acka0e tours a!" lo* tra!s-ortatio! char0es/ The accommo"atio! o! the "iscou!te" tour *ill be o. the tourist>s choice a!" as -er their bu"0et/

/hy Tourism6 Tourism & an )conomic and Social -henomenon 'ver the "eca"es1 tourism has ex-erie!ce" co!ti!ue" 0ro*th a!" "ee-e!i!0 "[Link]! to become o!e o. the .astest 0ro*i!0 eco!omic sectors i! the *orl"/ Mo"er! tourism is closel+ li!ke" to "evelo-me!t a!" e!com-asses 0ro*i!0 !umber o. !e* "esti!atio!s/ These "+!amics have tur!e" tourism i!to a ke+ "river .or socio-eco!omic -ro0ress/ To"a+1 the busi!ess volume o. tourism e3uals or eve! sur-asses that o. oil ex-orts1 .oo" -ro"ucts or automobiles/ Tourism has become o!e o. the ma,or -la+ers i! i!ter!atio!al commerce1 a!" re-rese!ts at the same time o!e o. the mai! i!come sources .or ma!+ "evelo-i!0 cou!tries/ This 0ro*th 0oes ha!" i! ha!" *ith a i!creasi!0 "[Link]! a!" com-etitio! amo!0 "esti!atio!s/ This 0lobal s-rea" o. tourism i! i!"ustrialiDe" a!" "evelo-e" states has -ro"uce" eco!omic a!" em-lo+me!t be![Link] i! ma!+ relate" sectors - .rom co!structio! to a0riculture or telecommu!icatio!s/ The co!tributio! o. tourism to eco!omic *ell-bei!0 "e-e!"s o! the 3ualit+ a!" the reve!ues o. the tourism o..er/ &NBT' assists "esti!atio!s i! their sustai!able -ositio!i!0 i! ever more com-lex !atio!al a!" i!ter!atio!al markets/ As the &N a0e!c+ "e"icate" to tourism1 &NBT' -oi!ts out that -articularl+ "evelo-i!0 cou!tries sta!" to be![Link] .rom sustai!able tourism a!" acts to hel- make this a realit+/ Tourism is o!e o. the most im-orta!t .orces sha-i!0 our *orl"/ Eco!omicall+1 tourism is a -rovi"er o. .orei0! excha!0e a!" em-lo+me!t/ $evelo-i!0 cou!tries are e!coura0e" to use it as a mea!s o. eco!omic "evelo-me!t *hich i!.licts less "ama0e tha! extractive i!"ustries L is less costl+ i! terms o. i!.rastructure L i!vestme!t tha! i!"ustrialiDatio!/ Tourism o..ers social1 cultural a!" e!viro!me!tal be![Link] *hich also a"" to its allure/ Tourism co!tributes to the *ell-bei!0 o. tourists b+ 0ivi!0 restorative holi"a+s/ Tourism co!tributes to 9

the -reservatio! o. cultures at a time *he! 0lobaliDatio! causes cultural homo0e!iDatio!/ Ecotourism has sho*! that tourism ca! hel- restore or co!serve e!viro!me!ts/ It is a .orce -romoti!0 -eace a!" u!"ersta!"i!0 bet*ee! -eo-les a!" societies/ $es-ite this "iversit+ o. -ositive im-acts there is a te!"e!c+ to .ocus o! the eco!omic a!" busi!ess "omai!s1 a -rocess *hich severel+ restricts its ca-acit+ to co!tribute i! these other valuable areas/ Tourism has succumbe" to MmarketiDatio!N accom-a!+i!0 the emer0e!ce o. M!eoliberalN values i! the 0lobal commu!it+/ As a result o. this1 tourism i!"ustr+ lea"ers are able to har!ess tourism>s o--ortu!ities .or their o*! -rivate *ealth accumulatio! a!" comma!"eer scarce commu!it+ resources .or their -ur-oses1 tourism>s .ull -ote!tial is i0!ore" a!" its -romise o. ma!+ -o*[Link] be![Link] .or huma!it+ remai!s u!.[Link]"/ This -a-er is a! e..ort to remi!" those co!cer!e" *ith tourism that it is much more tha! ,ust a! Mi!"ustr+N4 it is a social .orce *hich1 i. .ree" .rom the .etters o. Mmarket i"eolo0+1N ca! achieve aims vital to all huma!it+/

S4%4)4-4T4 Analysis of the Tourism Industry in India: Social: Tourism *as al*a+s looke" u-o! as somethi!0 that le" to the "estructio! o. the social .abric o. a -lace/ The more the amou!t o. outsi"e -eo-le comi!0 i!to a -lace1 the more the -erceive" risk o. that -lace losi!0 its i"e!tit+/ A 0oo" exam-le is )oa/ (rom the late @02s to the earl+ A02s *he! the Ei--+ culture *as at its hei0ht1 )oa *as a have! .or such hi--ies/ Eere the+ came i! thousa!"s a!" cha!0e" the *hole culture o. the state/ This ha" a ri--le e..ect o! the cou!tr+/ Heo-le became cautious1 es-eciall+ o. the i!ter!atio!al tourists/ Bhe!ever a certai! -lace became .amous1 the exam-le o. )oa *as cite" to "iscoura0e the i!.lo* o. i!ter!atio!al tourists/ Eo*ever some -laces such as Kerala a!" Ra,astha! have bee! able to strike a bala!ce bet*ee! their o*! culture a!" the "ema!"s o. the i!ter!atio!al tourists a!" have -[Link]" ha!"somel+ i! the bar0ai!/ Heo-le are !o* a"o-ti!0 themselves to the .act that tourism -a+s a!" it ca! be a ma,or source o. i!come .or them/ I! a""itio!1 tourism as a .orm o. recreatio! has reall+ cau0ht o!/ Heo-le themselves have starte" traveli!0 a!" are *illi!0 to travel to a -lace that is out o. the *a+ a!" exotic/ Bhile tra"itio!all+ traveli!0 o! a holi"a+ mea!t 0oi!0 to a hill statio! or a beach1 !o* -eo-le are *illi!0 to 0o i! .or a"ve!ture tourism a!" also visit -laces that mi0ht be exotic a!" ca!!ot reall+ be calle" hos-itable/ (or exam-le1 !o* -laces like Feh a!" Faksh*a"ee- are me!tio!e" i! the same breath as )oa or Kashmir/ %egal: The la*s that 0over! the i!"ustr+ are !ot the same i! all the -arts o. the cou!tr+/ Ma!+ o. the la*s that are i! e..ect are ol" a!" archaic1 a!" !ot 0eare" to meet the challe!0es o. the 59st ce!tur+/ Bith res-ect to taxatio!1 the Borl" Travel a!" Tourism 8ou!cil has observe" that MTax -ai" b+ tourists i! I!"ia is the hi0hest i! the *orl"/ I!"ia! hotels char0e

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about <0= tax com-are" to other Asia! cou!tries *here it varies bet*ee! 3= a!" @=O/ Such hi0h taxatio! re!"ers the tourism sector as a *hole u!com-etitive/ (urther1 there is co!si"erable "is-arit+ bet*ee! state level taxes1 es-eciall+ o! .oo" a!" bevera0es/ I! .act1 the sales tax o! im-orte" bevera0es varies *i"el+1 e/0/ @3= i! Kar!ataka to 5A/?;= i! Best Be!0al/ Bith res-ect to (orei0! I!vestme!t i! a!+ tourism relate" ve!ture1 cleara!ce must be obtai!e" .rom the 8e!tral 0over!me!t 6RBI or (orei0! I!vestme!t Hromotio! Boar"7/ ;9= .orei0! e3uit+ is automaticall+ a--rove" sub,ect to meeti!0 certai! -rescribe" criteria1 i!clu"i!0 havi!0 a ca-ital base -ro-osal belo* &S :9<3 millio! 6Rs/ @ billio!7/ I! the case o. NRIs1 900= .orei0! e3uit+ is automaticall+ a--rove"/ (orei0! e3uit+ hol"i!0 above ;9 -erce!t are -ossible1 but are sub,ect to (IHB a--roval/ It is to be !ote" that the Mi!istr+ o. I!"ustr+ -rovi"es .i!al cleara!ce o. (IHB a--rovals/ $ivi"e!"s o! such i!vestme!ts are re-arable/ The Natio!al Holic+ o! Tourism la+s em-hasis o! sustai!able "evelo-me!t o. tourism/ I! accor"a!ce1 the )over!me!t has brou0ht out a com-rehe!sive Eco Tourism Holic+ a!" )ui"eli!es/ There are several Acts a!" la*s1 *hich e!sure sustai!able tourism/ These are the Bil" Fi.e Hrotectio! Act 9 ?51 the E!viro!me!t 6Hrotectio!7 Act 9 A@1 a!" Hreve!tio! o. 8ruelt+ to A!imals Act 9 A@/ These "o !ot set asi"e a!+ [Link] area .or tourism1 but such areas have to be i"e![Link]" b+ the State )over!me!ts a!" obtai! the re3uire" a--rovalsCrelaxatio!s/ Eco-tourism -olicies a!" )ui"eli!es have bee! .ormulate" b+ the )over!me!t i! co!sultatio! *ith the i!"ustr+ a!" are bei!0 im-leme!te" o! a volu!tar+ basis/ )conomic: The tourism i!"ustr+ !ot u!like the other i!"ustries 0ro*s *ith the i!crease i! the s-e!"i!0 o. the -eo-le/ The more the -eo-le s-e!" the more the i!"ustr+ 0ro*s/ The s-e!"i!0 -o*er o. the -eo-le has bee! i!creasi!0 i! the cou!tr+ a!" all over the *orl"/ Si!ce *e are co!ce!trati!0 o! the i!ter!atio!al tourists1 the lar0e i!crease i! the s-e!"i!0 -o*er i! most "evelo-e" cou!tries has le.t a lar0e amou!t o. i"le cash i! their ha!"s/ This has le" to a tourism boom the *orl" over a!" I!"ia has bee! !o exce-tio!/ There have bee! more -eo-le comi!0 i!to the cou!tr+ *ith more cash tha! ever [Link]/ This has lea" to a! i!crease i! the "ema!" .or better hotels/ Heo-le *ho -reviousl+ use" to come to the cou!tr+ o! a shoestri!0 bu"0et a!" hu!t arou!" .or the chea-est accommo"atio! ca! !o* a..or" to 0o i! .or luxur+ hotels/ This has le" to a! i!crease i! the !umber o. hotels i! the cou!tr+/ Eo*ever1 a! i!crease i! s-e!"i!0 "oes !ot o!l+ limit itsel. to accommo"atio!/ The i!crease i! the s-e!"i!0 is also evi"e!t i! the i!crease i! the !umber o. -eo-le traveli!0 b+ air/ Eve! the !umber "omestic tourists traveli!0 b+ air has "ramaticall+ 0o!e u-/ -olitical: The -olitical .actors are the mai! "rivi!0 .orce o. the i!"ustr+/ The I!"ia! tourism i!"ustr+ is built o! the backbo!e o. )over!me!t su--ort a!" the i!"ustr+ ca!!ot sustai! itsel. *ithout it/ The various archaeolo0ical sites a!" the -laces o. historical im-orta!ce1 the roa"s a!" the rail*a+s are all i!

59

the ha!"s o. the )over!me!t/ All the su--ort services like the hotel i!"ustr+1 the airli!es i!"ustr+ a!" the tourist o-erators to !ame some are heavil+ "e-e!"e!t o! the su--ort a!" the coo-eratio! o. the )over!me!t/ The ma,or reaso! as to *h+ tourists visit I!"ia is .or the vast a!" rich herita0e that our cou!tr+ has/ That is u!"er the co!trol o. the )over!me!t1 throu0h the Archaeolo0ical Surve+ o. I!"ia/ A!+ -olic+ cha!0e that comes i!to .orce ca! have "ramatic e..ect o! the *a+ the i!"ustr+ -la+ers -[Link]/ (or exam-le1 the )over!me!t char0es hi0h rates o. taxes o! the luxur+ a!" the star cate0or+ hotels a!" this has al*a+s bee! a cause o. "isa0reeme!t bet*ee! the hotel associatio!s a!" the )over!me!t/ There are ma!+ areas *here the 0ro*th o. tourism has !ot bee! ra-i" or has see! "ramatic .all because the -olitical e!viro!me!t has !ot bee! co!"ucive/ Exam-les are the North East .or the .ormer a!" Kashmir .or the latter/ The !e0lect o. the )over!me!t i! "evelo-i!0 the North-East has le" to a situatio! *here there is -racticall+ !o tourism i! the seve! states/ Similarl+1 the -olitical turmoil i! the state o. Kashmir a!" !o* i! )u,arat has cause" a virtual "ecimatio! o. the .lourishi!0 tourism i!"ustr+/ Eo*ever1 there has bee! a cha!0e i! ma!+ o. the -olicies o. the )over!me!t *ith re0ar" to the tourism i!"ustr+/ The hotel i!"ustr+ has bee! 0etti!0 ma!+ i!ce!tives a!" ma!+ State )over!me!ts are e!coura0i!0 the 0ro*th o. ma,or hotels i! their states/ [Link] +ears o. ti0ht co!trol over air-ort i!.rastructure1 )over!me!t has .i!all+ take! the "ecisio! to -rivatiDe the air-orts/ Technological: Althou0h tech!olo0+ "oes !ot seem to be a ma,or i!.lue!ce at .irst 0la!ce1 it -la+s a ma,or -art i! the -romotio! o. a -lace/ Better commu!icatio! .acilities are o!e o. the .irst -rere3uisites .or 0ro*th i! the i!.lo* o. tourists/ This has bee! ma"e -ossible *ith tech!olo0+/ Im-rove" tech!olo0+ i! the .iel" o. commu!icatio! at chea-er costs has resulte" i! ma!+ remote a!" i!accessible areas o. the cou!tr+ 0etti!0 co!!ecte" to the rest o. the *orl"/ This co!!ectivit+ has ma"e these -laces visible to the *orl"/ Better commu!icatio! mea!s access to me"ia/ A!" that is ver+ im-orta!t i. a!+ -lace *a!ts to be o! the *orl" tourist ma-/ Similarl+ better tra!s-ortatio! .acilities have lea" to a "ramatic i!crease i! the !umber o. tourists visiti!0 a!+ -articular -lace/ The -rese!ce o. a! air-ort a!" the availabilit+ o. .re3ue!t .li0hts are a 0reat co!ve!ie!ce to a!+ traveler/ S/0T Analysis of Tourism Industry in India: ST"),GT5S I!"ia2s 0eo0ra-hical locatio!1 a culmi!atio! o. "eserts1 .orests1 mou!tai!s1 a!" beaches/ $iversit+ o. culture i/e/ a ble!" o. various civiliDatio!s a!" their tra"itio!s/ A *ealth o. archeolo0ical sites a!" historical mo!ume!ts/ Ma!-o*er costs i! the I!"ia! hotel i!"ustr+ are o!e o. the lo*est i! the *orl"/ This -rovi"es better mar0i!s .or the i!"ustr+/ A ver+ *i"e variet+ o. hotels is -rese!t i! the cou!tr+ that ca! .[Link] 55

the "ema!" o. the tourists/ There are i!ter!atio!al -la+ers i! the market such as Ta, a!" 'beroi/ Thus1 the !ee"s o. the i!ter!atio!al tourists a!" travelers are see! to *hile the+ are o! a visit to I!"ia/ /)AK,)SS)S Fack o. a"e3uate i!.rastructure/ The airli!es i! I!"ia1 .or exam-le1 are i!e..icie!t a!" "o !ot -rovi"e basic .acilities at air-orts/ The roa" co!"itio! i! I!"ia is ver+ ba"/ A xe!o-hobic attitu"e amo!0 certai! sectio!s o. -eo-le/ No -ro-er marketi!0 o. I!"ia2s tourism abroa"/ (orei0!ers still thi!k o. I!"ia as a la!" o. s!ake charmers/ There are ma!+ -laces *here the ima0e o. I!"ia is o!e o. -overt+1 su-erstitio!1 a!" "iseases/ E/0/ the case o. Hla0ue i! Surat i! 9 < le" to a "ecrease o. 3@= i! arrival o. .orei0! tourists i! I!"ia/ 0--0"T7,ITI)S More -roactive role .rom the 0over!me!t o. I!"ia i! terms o. .rami!0 -olicies/ Allo*i!0 e!tr+ o. more multi!atio!al com-a!ies i!to the cou!tr+ 0ivi!0 us a 0lobal -ers-ective/ )ro*th o. "omestic tourism/ The a"va!ta0e here is that "omestic tourism a!" i!ter!atio!al tourism ca! be se0re0ate" easil+ o*i!0 to the "i..ere!ce i! the -erio" o. holi"a+s/ T5")ATS Eco!omic co!"itio!s a!" -olitical turmoil i! other cou!tries a..ects tourism/ Holitical turbule!ce *ithi! I!"ia i! Kashmir a!" )u,arat has also re"uce" tourist tra..ic/ A00ressive strate0ies a"o-te" b+ other cou!tries like Australia1 Si!0a-ore i! -romoti!0 tourism/ K)8 -0SITI9)S I!"ia as a tourist "esti!atio! - Bith 50= com-ou!"e" 0ro*th i! .orei0! tourist arrivals over the last .our +ears1 I!"ia co!ti!ues to be a hot tourist "esti!atio!/ Thou0h I!"ia accou!ts .or a .ractio! o. 0lobal tourist .lo*s curre!tl+1 the cou!tr+ is ex-ecte" to i!crease its market share over the lo!0-term/ The reco0!itio! o. tourism as a! i!"ustr+ i! the rece!t -ast has -ave" the *a+ .or i!crease" com-etitio!/ This1 *e believe1 is likel+ to sha-e i!"ustr+ .ortu!es .or the better/ I!.rastructure "evelo-me!t - The roa" "evelo-me!t -ro,ect alo!0 *ith other as-ects like air-ort mo"er!iDatio! a!" -ort "evelo-me!t is likel+ to result i! i!crease" eco!omic activit+/ Bith air tari..s also .alli!0 stee-l+ o*i!0 to i!crease" com-etitio!1 the tourism sector is ex-ecte" to *it!ess i!crease" i!.lo* o. .orei0! tourists1 hi0her i!bou!" tourist .lo* a!" "evelo-me!t o. !e* tourist "esti!atio!s *ithi! the cou!tr+/ Ne* se0me!ts - Se!si!0 the e!ormous -ote!tial1 !e* se0me!ts have emer0e" i! the cou!tr+/ Bu"0et hotels1 service a-artme!ts1 mi"-

53

market se0me!ts have starte" 0ai!i!0 im-orta!ce/ (urther1 -eo-le are also visiti!0 the cou!tr+ .or me"ical tourism1 *il" li.e1 s-a a!" other !o!-*ork -ur-oses/ K)8 ,)GATI9)S Ei0h cost o. air travel - The i!a"e3uate !umber o. i!ter!atio!al .li0hts allo*e" i!to the cou!tr+ i! the bilateral 8ivil aviatio! a0reeme!ts -ut a co!strai!t o! the availabilit+ o. air seats .or i!ter!atio!al tourists a!" lea"s to a! i!crease i! the air .ares com-are" to .ares .or other "esti!atio!s/ (or the last t*o +ears1 a! o-e! skies -olic+ has bee! "eclare" o! a! a" hoc basis i! the .ive *i!ter mo!ths i! or"er to make more seats available .or the tra"itio!al rush seaso!/ Eo*ever1 there is !ot a! a"e3uate res-o!se si!ce airli!es are !ot able to -la! a""itio! to ca-acit+ o! a lo!0-term basis/ I! or"er to make I!"ia a ma,or tourist "esti!atio!1 .acilities a!" services at air-orts1 *hich have bee! rate" b+ tourists as bet*ee! -oor a!" avera0e1 are to be im-rove"/ Hrese!tl+1 I!"ia! air-orts la0 behi!" i! i!ter!atio!al sta!"ar"s i! ma!+ as-ects/ $omestic air travel is also ex-e!sive com-are" to !ei0hbouri!0 cou!tries/ 8e!tral excise "ut+ a!" hi0h rate o. state sales tax - avera0e 5; -erce!t - o! aviatio! turbi!e .uel 6AT(7 co!stitute 30 -erce!t o. o-erati!0 cost o. "omestic .li0hts i! I!"ia/ )etti!0 ex-e!sive - The room rates o! accou!t o. "ema!" su--l+ mismatch co!ti!ue" to touch !e* hi0hs/ This resulte" i! a "ro- i! occu-a!c+ rates/ Also1 I!"ia com-are" to its Asia! -eers looke" ex-e!sive as a tourist "esti!atio!/ As a result o. the hi0h room rates i! bra!"e" hotels1 u!re0ulate"1 u!or0a!iDe" hotels a!" 0uesthouses se0me!ts have emer0e"1 thus i!creasi!0 com-etitio!/ Re0io!al hubs "evelo-i!0 - As me!tio!e" above1 thou0h I!"ia has the -ote!tial1 i! the tourism sector1 com-etitio! is more 0lobal/ The ra-i" 0ro*th o. 8hi!a1 select South East Asia! cou!tries a!" the -ace o. "evelo-me!t i! the Mi""le East coul" a..ect I!"ia i! terms o. its abilit+ to attract tourists i!to the cou!tr+// Susce-tible to 0eo--olitical eve!ts - Si!ce tourism is a 0lobal -he!ome!o!1 a!+ a"verse "evelo-me!ts o! the 0eo--olitical .ro!t are likel+ to im-act 0lobal tourist .lo*s/ I!"ia is !o exce-tio! to the same1 as *as evi"e!t "uri!0 eve!ts like Se-tember 991 Ira3 *ar a!" SARS/

Types of tourism There are a !umber or emer0i!0 "ime!sio!s o. tourism/ These i!clu"eJ Medical Tourism: 5<

I!"ia! tourism is aimi!0 to -romote its allo-athic treatme!t as a tourist attractio!/ Me"ical tourism te!"s to -rovi"e *orl"-class treatme!t at lo* -rice a!" is 0ai!i!0 *orl"*i"e acce-ta!ce/ $octors a!" other me"ical ex-erts are or0a!iDi!0 health cam-s a!" other 0e!eral a*are!ess -ro0rams/ The vast arra+ o. health care services i!clu"es a+urve"a1 +o0a1 !aturo-ath+1 me"itatio!1 s-as a!" ma!+ more/ Spiritual Tourism:

I!"ia has a rich herita0e o. cultures a!" reli0io!s/ Ei!"uism1 Bu""hism1 8hristia!it+1 Islam1 #ai!ism have live" here .or ce!turies/ There is so much me!tal -ressure a!" "isturba!ce all over the *orl" that -eo-le are looki!0 .or*ar" to .i!" solace/ I!"ia is bei!0 re-rese!te" as a "esti!atio! .or s-iritual tourism/ S-iritual tourism i!clu"es all the reli0io!s1 reli0ious -laces associate" *ith them1 a!" emotio!al attachme!t a!" belie.s attache" to these ce!ters/ Thus1 throu0h reli0ious tourism there is a si!cere e..ort to bri!0 better u!"ersta!"i!0 amo!0 various commu!ities1 !atio!s a!" thus .oster 0lobal u!it+/

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"ural Tourism:

Real I!"ia is rural I!"ia/ Almost ?<= o. the -o-ulatio! is i! rural areas/ (or the "evelo-me!t o. rural I!"ia1 0over!me!t is -romoti!0 rural tourism/ Rural tourism sho*cases the rural li.e i! I!"ia1 the art1 culture a!" herita0e1 the !ature a!" *il" li.e a!" various other as-ects o. rural I!"ia/ The rural I!"ia has a 0reat -ote!tial to attract .orei0! tourists/ The rural tourism hel-s i! im-rovi!0 lives o. rural -eo-le a!" mai!tai!i!0 the 3ualit+ o. e!viro!me!t/ Adventurous Tourism:

I!"ia is a! i!cre"ible "esti!atio! .or a"ve!tures/ The s!o* ca--e" Eimala+as1 erratic streams1 sa.aris1 etc all a"" to its !atural 0lor+/ Bater s-orts1 ele-ha!t sa.ari1 mou!tai!eeri!01 skii!01 0li"i!01 trekki!01 river [Link]!01 etc are breath-taki!0 o--ortu!ities .or a"ve!turous -eo-le/ Fa"akh1 the )ar*al hills1 the Eimachal hills1 $ar,eeli!01 )oa1 Faksha"*ee-1 A!"ama! a!" Nicobar Isla!"s1 are some o. the -laces that o..er a"ve!ture tourism/

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MIC) Tourism:

MI8E 6meeti!0s1 i!ce!tives1 co!.ere!ces a!" exhibitio!s7 are associate" *ith busi!ess travelers/ It caters to various .orms o. busi!ess meeti!0s1 i!ter!atio!al co!.ere!ces a!" co!ve!tio!s1 eve!ts a!" exhibitio!s/ I!"ia is 0ai!i!0 -ace to become a! i"eal MI8E "esti!atio! "ue to the .lourishi!0 busi!ess here/ The MI8E i!"ustr+ co!verts the a!!ual busi!ess meeti!0s a!" co!.ere!ces i!to a 0lamorous a!" e!,o+able eve!t .or the "ele0ates a!" atte!"a!ts/ To "evelo- busi!ess tourism i! I!"ia1 some re!o*!e" MI8E ce!ters are alrea"+ establishe"/ The Ashok 6Ne* $elhi71 E+"eraba" I!ter!atio!al 8o!ve!tio! 8e!tre 6E+"eraba"71 Fe Meri"ie! 68ochi!71 $elhi I!ter!atio!al Ex-o 8e!tre 6Noi"a7 are some o. them/ )co Tourism:

Heo-le are visiti!0 I!"ia to u!ravel the secrets o. !ature/ Eco tourism 6also k!o*! as !ature tourism7 relates to !ature a!" its attractive!ess so that the visitors ex-erie!ce it i! its -risti!e setti!0s/ Eco tourism attracts "omestic as *ell as i!ter!atio!al tourists to*ar"s the ma0![Link]!t a!cie!t cities1 hill statio!s1 remote villa0es1 "esert areas a!" *il"li.e ce!turies a!" -arks i! I!"ia/ It is the .astest 0ro*i!0 sector o. I!"ia! tourism com-risi!0 <0 to @0 -er ce!t o. all i!ter!atio!al tourism/ I!"ia1 the la!" o. 0eo0ra-hical varieties o..ers several tourist "esti!atio!s

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that !ot ,ust "e-stress but also re,uve!ate +ou/ There are several *a+s to e!,o+ Mother Nature i! most -risti!e *a+/ There are series o. eco tours .or I!"ia that -rovi"e the coolest ha!0outs to take -leasure i! i!"ul0i!0 o!esel. i!to the )o" [Link]" e!viro!s/

5A

5olidays in India: Bhat "oes a holi"a+ i! I!"ia s+mboliDesG This is a 3uestio! that ever+ traveler to this vast subco!ti!e!t o. huma! bei!0s1 "ust1 chaos1 a!" reli0io! asks himsel. at least o!ce/ (or ma!+ o. them I!"ia is the exotic orie!t *here +ou ca! .i!" o!l+ the s!ake charmers or sa"hus/ (or .e* *ho have 0o!e throu0h co!tem-orar+ literature o! the cou!tr+1 I!"ia is a! or0a!iDe" chaos 6as "escribe" o!e o. the re!o*!e" *riters a!" sociolo0ists7/ (or the o!es *ho have see! the ex-loitatio!s o. I!"ia! ex-ats i! Silico! %alle+ mi0ht co!si"er the cou!tr+ as a .uture hub o. k!o*le"0e eco!om+/ (or a 3ui!tesse!tial vacatio!er i! I!"ia1 the cou!tr+ -rese!ts itsel. i! the -lethora o. colors1 hues1 a!" sha-es/ Bith its i!exhaustible ra!0e o. culture1 tra"itio!s1 *il"li.e1 beaches1 a!" mou!tai!s I!"ia is hu0e/ The cou!tr+ is !ot o!l+ about chaos a!" *a+s to co!trol them4 it is about li.e1 the civiliDatio! a!" co!ti!uit+ o. it that makes -eo-le look be+o!" the obvious/ But obvious1 *e believe1 is !ot the choice that +ou are 0oi!0 to make *hile visiti!0 I!"ia/ Bhat +ou !ee" is somethi!0 "i..ere!t1 somethi!0 that is !e*1 a!" somethi!0 that is exciti!0/ 8o!ce-t tourism is o!e exciti!0 o-tio! that a .e* tour o-erators like I!"ia!holi"a+/com believe is *orth taki!0 i!terest i!/ These o-erators 0ive +ou a !umber o. exciti!0 o-tio!s cate0oriDe" accor"i!0 to the i!terest a!" co!ce-t to tour I!"ia/ /ildlife 5olidays

The *il"li.e attractio!s o. I!"ia are hu0e a!" *orth a--reciati!0/ Numerous rare a!" e!"a!0ere" s-ecies o. a!imals1 bir"s a!" re-tiles ca! be .ou!" i! the cou!tr+/ The mari!e li.e is e3uall+ i!teresti!0 as *ell/ The ti0ers1 rhi!oceros1 ele-ha!ts1 black bucks1 lio!s1 cobras a!" -eacocks are the -rime *il"li.e attractio!s i! the cou!tr+/ A-art .rom these1 there are other *il"li.e s-ecies too that have comma!"i!0 -rese!ce i! the .orest areas o. the cou!tr+/ A *il"li.e tri- to I!"ia *ill allo*s a close e!cou!ter *ith all these marvelous *il"li.e s-ecies/

5eritage 5olidays

I!"ia - [Link] a!" vibra!t4 a la!" as "iverse as its -eo-le/ It is a mosaic o. .aiths1 cultures1 customs a!" la!0ua0es that ble!" harmo!iousl+ to .orm a com-osite *hole/ '!e o. the *orl">s ol"est livi!0 civiliDatio!s - *hich 0ave to the *orl" - the co!ce-t o. Dero1 the -rimor"ial sou!" AumPKo0a1 a!" Bu""hism/ -ilgrimages

I! I!"ia *e .i!" the ol"est co!ti!uall+ o-erati!0 -il0rima0e tra"itio! i! the e!tire *orl"/ The -ractice o. -il0rima0e i! I!"ia is so "ee-l+ embe""e" i! the cultural -s+che a!" the !umber o. -il0rima0e sites is so lar0e that the e!tire subco!ti!e!t ma+ actuall+ be re0ar"e" as o!e 0ra!" a!" co!ti!uous sacre" s-ace

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+each 5olidaysJ

Eas the combi!atio! o. Su!1 Sa!"1 Sea a!" Sur. ever tem-te" +ou to take a break .rom the "ail+ mo!oto!ous chores that +ou -[Link] so reli0iousl+G The! *e have ,ust the ri0ht -acka0e .or +ou *ith the sure-shot iti!erar+ to relax +ou com-letel+/ The balm+ beaches o. I!"ia are -[Link] esca-a"e .or the .u! lovi!0 holi"a+ tourism seekers/ I!"ia *ith its lo!0 coastli!e o. ?;00 kms1 o..ers some o. the most exotic beach holi"a+s a!" beach tourism "esti!atio!s i! the *orl"/ The 0reat -e!i!sula *ith the I!"ia! 'cea! i! the mi""le a!" accom-a!ie" b+ the Arabia! Sea a!" the Ba+ o. Be!0al o! each si"e besi"es the t*o archi-ela0os o. Faksha"*ee- a!" A!"ama!s is -[Link] .or beach holi"a+s .or tourists the *orl" over/ The +ou!0 state o. )oa certai!l+ ha--e!s to be the Beach 8a-ital o. I!"ia/ It o..ers the -[Link] s-ot .or the !ovice "ivers/ The blaDe o. 0lor+1 the [Link] *aves1 the s*i!0i!0 -alms a!" the ma!+ hues o. the sk+1 the !ature is .or sure at its best at the beaches/ I!"ia boasts o. ma!+ beaches o. )oa i! the Best1 Kovalam i! the South a!" )o-al-ur i! the East/ So +ou ma+ hea" to*ar"s a!+ "irectio! o. the I!"ia! -e!i!sula a!" be i!vite" to the su! bathe" beaches/ The !ever-e!"i!0 shores a!" the u!touche" ocea!ic horiDo!s seem to be mesmeriDi!0/ The -hoto0e!ic "a*! a!" "usks at the beaches are sure to be re-etitive visitor to the shores/ Cultural 5olidays:

Ever *o!"ere" at the cultural "iversit+ o. I!"iaG The e!tici!0 u!it+ re-rese!te" b+ the -eo-le o. the cou!tr+ *ho "is-la+ a *i"e ra!0e o. reli0io!s1

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culture1 customs a!" la!0ua0es/ The rich a!" varie" herita0e ha--e!s to be o!e o. the ma!+ sources o. -ri"e o. the !atio!/ The m+sterious *a+s o. the -eo-le1 their [Link]+les a!" the i!se-arable culture ca!!ot be "o!e solve" i! *or"s but ca! surel+ be e!,o+e" *ith ex-erie!ce/ Adventure 5olidays:

Ever .elt the *aves o. a river o! +our .ace1 *ish to see to the la!" a!" ever+thi!0 o! it .rom a hei0ht o. 9A1000 .eetG (a!c+ trotti!0 .rom o!e -alace to a!other ri"i!0 a camel or -erha-s 0et a better vie* o. the ,u!0le sitti!0 smart o! a! ele-ha!tG Bell i. a!+ o. them is a! a..irmative1 the a"ve!ture holi"a+s a!" tourism i! I!"ia are ,ust .or +ou/ Tr+ out the aerial1 a3ua or la!" a"ve!tures a!" e!,o+/ The 3uest to "o the u!commo!1 the "esire to meet challe!0es makes -eo-le take ua!+ o. the a"ve!ture activities a!" re,uve!ate themselves/ I!"ia is the la!" o. variet+ a!" "iversit+/ The terrai! o. the sa!" "u!es a!" lo!0 stretches o. barre! la!" is i"eal .or "esert sa.aris1 the 3uee! o. rivers1 the .u! o. *atchi!0 the *il"li.e at the 8orbett Natio!al Hark 0ets multi-lie" *he! e!,o+e" ri"i!0 a! ele-ha!t1 the )a!0es is irresistible .or the *ater s-orts a!" the sce!ic beaut+ o. #ammu is -icture -[Link] .or the -ara0li"i!0/ Kou !ame the a"ve!ture a!" I!"ia has the ri0ht s-ot .or it Ayurveda and "e#uvenation:

I!"ia a"heres to the a0e-ol" -hiloso-h+ o. A+urve"a - i! a tra"itio!al *a+ that2s *hat makes I!"ia a "i..ere!t locale to visit/ A+urve"a reco0!iDes that each

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i!"ivi"ual is "i..ere!t a!" so treatme!t too shoul" be customiDe"/ A+urve"a1 the tra"itio!al I!"ia! s+stem o. me"ici!e hol"s out to the *orl" the -romise o. a health+ lo!0 li.e/ Ste- i!to the *orl"1 *here heali!0 is a ritual a!" !urturi!0 li.e a tra"itio!1 i/e/ ex-erie!ce the ma0ical -o*er o. Tra"itio!al A+urve"a/ A+urve"a a!" Re,uve!atio! -ro0rams i!clu"e a .e* -ro0rams combi!i!0 A+urve"a alo!0 *ith si0htseei!0 a!" other as-ects o. tourism i! I!"ia/ A! exte!sive a!" *ell - [Link]" out A+urve"ic treatme!t -acka0e that *oul" re,uve!ate +our bo"+ a!" mi!" a!" make +ou .ace the hustle a!" bustle o. the cit+ li.e a0ai!/ Golf Tours:

I. )ol.1 is *hat +ou are -assio!ate about a!" +ou ha--e! to be a! avi" traveler the! the 59 "a+ )ol. Eoli"a+s -acka0e o. I!"ia bei!0 o..ere" is somethi!0 +ou ca!!ot [Link] to 0o ahea" *ith/ The -[Link] break .rom the [Link] routi!e reli0iousl+ .ollo*e" other*ise/ #ust catch u- *ith the )ol. .ever that has cau0ht the e!tire cou!tr+ i! a bi0 *a+/ A"" that extra touch o. versatilit+ i! +ou b+ -la+i!0 the "i..ere!t [Link] i! the various 0ol. clubs "evelo-e" i! several cities o. I!"ia/ The tur.s1 the mou!"s1 the climate1 the +ar"s o. 0ree! all make 0ol. better tha! ever [Link]/ 5andicrafts Tours:

Ea!"icra.t items ca! be the best 0i.t .or occasio!s a!" ca! best "escribe a se!se o. emotio!1 .eeli!0s a!" ca! create li.e time memories/ Kou *ill be amaDe" to hit u-o! a treasure o. Ea!"icra.t each o. *hich co!tai!s i!tricac+ a!" 0reat skill/ I!

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all1 +ou *ill be attracte" to see a ra!0e o. e!tici!0 variet+ i! I!"ia *hich is master-iece i! their o*! ri0htQ

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:estival Tours

I!"ia is the la!" o. .u! a!" .rolic/ The I!"ia!s celebrate the various .airs a!" .estivals to the exte!t that there are more !umber o. .airs a!" .estivals i! a +ear tha! the total !umber o. "a+s/ The rites a!" the rituals .ollo*e" b+ the I!"ia!s1 the e!thusiasm a!" .aith that are co!sta!t .eatures a"" to the charm o. the .airs a!" .estivals/ "ail(ay Tours:

Be o!boar" the luxur+ trai!s o. I!"ia1 the Halace o! Bheels1 the Ro+al 'rie!t a!" the To+ Trai!s are the -ri"e o. I!"ia! Rail*a+s1 the lar0est -asse!0er trai! service i! the *orl" seem to i!vite +ou/ The Halace o! Bheels lives b+ its !ame a!" is !o less tha! a .ort o! the s*i!0/ The lavish [Link]+le1 the .acilities1 the "Rcor1 the [Link] a!" the st+le have ma"e the .irst tourist trai! o. I!"ia the most sou0ht [Link]/ The marvelous trai! that to"a+ is a ,oi!t e..ort o. the Ra,astha! Tourism $evelo-me!t 8or-oratio! a!" the I!"ia! Rail*a+s/ $uri!0 this excursio!1 the

3;

tourists are over*helme" *ith the beaut+ at the ma,or statio!s o. #ai-ur1 8hittaur0arh1 &"ai-ur1 #aisalmer1 #o"h-ur a!" Bharat-ur1 a!" A0ra chu00i!0 throu0h the culturall+ [Link] states o. Ra,astha! a!" )u,arat/ Kou ma+ eve! o-t .or a vo+a0e o!boar" the Ro+al 'rie!t1 the trai! o..eri!0 both st+le a!" [Link]/ It is a -ro,ect o. the Tourism 8or-oratio! o. )u,arat Fimite" alo!0 *ith the I!"ia! Rail*a+s/ The rai!bo* o. cities trotte" b+ the ro+al extrava0a!ce o. the b+0o!e era i!clu"e $elhi1 8hittaur0arh1 #u!a0arhC%eraval1 Som!athCSasa!1 )irCAhme"-ur1 Ma!"viCHalita!aC Sarkhe,1 Ahme"aba" a!" #ai-ur/ Besi"es the Ro+al trai!s1 the to+ trai!s o. I!"ia have attracte" ma!+ a tourists/ The ri"e o! the trai! *ith a <;00 kilometers track chu0s throu0h the -o-ular hill statio!s o. the cou!tr+ like Shimal1 $ar,eeli!01 'ot+C &"a0ama!"alam or 'otacamu!" a!" Mathera!/ The to+ trai!s are calle" so because o. the !arro* 0au0e rail*a+ li!es the+ ri"e o!/ The *o!"rous mi!iature o. rail e!0i!eeri!0 that o..ers the most sce!ic beauties o. the Eimala+as .rom Kalka to Shimla a!" a!other .rom #al Hai )uri to $ar,eeli!0/ +ac*(ater 5olidays:

8ruisi!0 alo!0 the back*aters o. Kerala is a! i"eal *a+ to "iscover the real Kerala/ The -laci" back*aters that stretch .or over .[Link]! hu!"re" kilometers are covere" *ith s*i!0i!0 -alm trees/ The tourists are le.t s-ell bou!" b+ the tra!3uilit+ o. the back*aters *hile ri"i!0 the Eouseboats1 it2s the most authe!tic a!" u!ex-lore" *a+ to ex-lore the beaut+ o. the back*aters/ The Eouseboats that .loat o! the back*aters are the im-rove" versio! o. the Kettuvalloms/ The .re3ue!tl+ visite" tourist "esti!atio!s amo!0st the back*aters i! Kerala com-rise o. Kovalam1 Ala--uDha1 Kotta+am a!" Er!akulam/ The tourists ma+ i!"ul0e i!to tourism activities like boati!01 .ishi!0 a!" si0htseei!0 *hile ex-lori!0 the back*aters o.

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Kerala/ The back*ater cuisi!e1 *hich com-rises o. "electable .resh .ish like -earl s-otte" .ish1 barramu!"i1 crabs1 mussels a!" -ra*!s1 is .i!0er licki!0 0oo"/ All these tours have bee! "esi0!e" kee-i!0 i! mi!" the re3uireme!ts o. travelers comi!0 .rom "i..ere!t -arts o. the *orl"/ A-art .rom these1 there are some or0a!iDatio!s *hich s-ecialiDe i! custom ma"e tours/ Some o. these tours o..ere" areJ Special theme parties: Moonlight +oat Cruise on the +ac*(ater of Kerala:

)uests are .errie" aboar" a s-acious1 s-eciall+ "ecorate" boat .or a "[Link] moo!li0ht cruise o! the back*ater o. 8ochi!/ South I!"ia! culi!ar+ sur-rises are serve"/ There is also a thrilli!0 .ire*ork "is-la+/ "a#put /edding:

A tra"itio!al Ra,-ut *e""i!0 ceremo!+ *here the 0rou- members -artici-ate as 2Baraati2 6the bri"e0room2s .amil+ a!" .rie!"s *ho .orm the *e""i!0 -art+7 a!" the bri"al -art+/

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+olly(ood: )uests i! 0arish costumes1 some -osi!0 as "irectors1 some as actio! heroes1 roma!tic lea"i!0 la"ies1 a!" ru..ia!s live their "reams o. becomi!0 a star/ Corporate incentive tours:

I! to"a+2s *orl" i!ce!tive travel is o!e o. the most e..ective marketi!0 a!" motivatio!al tools es-eciall+ i! the cor-orate sector/ [Link] all those lo!0 hours at *ork let the cor-orate em-lo+ee 0ets the much-"eserve" break i! the .orm o. a! i!ce!tive/ The various cor-orate i!ce!tive tours that are o..ere" have bee! -la!!e" i! a ma!!er to re,uve!ate a!" [Link] the em-lo+ees .or the .orthcomi!0 assi0!me!ts/ Alo!0 *ith the cor-orate i!ce!tives tours arra!0eme!ts ca! be ma"e .or co!.ere!ces1 co!ve!tio!s1 semi!ars1 boar" meeti!0s1 clie!t -rese!tatio!s1 trai!i!0 -ro0rams1 *orksho-s1 "ealers meet or a!+ other relatio!shi- buil"i!0 activit+ i! a!+ "esti!atio! i! I!"ia/

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!ream Marriages:

Tie the k!ot *ith +our k!i0ht i! shi!i!0 armor i! the most ro+al *a+/ 8elebrate the bi00est a!" the best occasio! o. +our li.e - Marria0e- i! the most [Link] st+le/ )et marrie" at a!+ o. the ca-tivati!0 castles1 -ulsati!0 -alaces or the ha--e!i!0 hotels a!" make +our "ream come true/ At +our "ream marria0e there *ill be .u! a!" .estivit+ all arou!" backe" b+ the music o. +our choice a!" "ecoratio!s *ith +our .avorite .lo*ers/ The .east to +our e+es a!" ears *ill be e3uale" b+ the sum-tuous .oo" that *ill treat the taste bu"s at the "ream marria0e/ (rom cham-a0!e bottles a!" co!.etti to -hoto0ra-hers *e ca! arra!0e it all .or the s-ecial +ou a!" the ver+ s-ecial occasio! o. +our "ream marria0e/ The setti!0 .or the realiDatio! o. +our "ream *ill be s-le!"i" a!" the arra!0eme!ts *ill be s-ectacular .or +our marria0e that *ill bri!0 smiles o! ever+ .ace a!" heartQ

Sectors of tourism The tourism i!"ustr+ com-rises o. the .ollo*i!0 mai! a!" "isti!ctive sectorsJ Tra!s-ortatio! Accommo"atio! Tour o-erators Tourism $esti!atio! '-eratorsC $esti!atio! Ma!a0eme!t Transportation Tourism i!"ustr+ is heavil+ "e-e!"e!t o! the tra!s-ortatio! i!"ustr+ *hich com-rises o. airli!es1 cruise a!" .err+ li!es1 -asse!0er rail*a+s1 coach a!" bus travel1 car hire/ Tha!ks to the i!crease i! tourist tra..ic1 over the +ears1 the ra!0e o. airli!e services has co!si"erabl+1 !ot o!l+ i! terms o. .re3ue!c+ o. .li0hts a!" !umber o. "esti!atio!s1 but also i! terms o. "i..ere!t services1 a!" "i..eri!0 levels o. service to meet "i..ere!t -asse!0er !ee"s/ This sho*s the im-orta!t role marketi!0 -la+s as com-etitio! a!" "ema!" i!te![Link]/ Hasse!0er rail services have also cha!0e"1 a!" their role i! tourism is as *i"e as *ith1 .or exam-le1 Euro rail tickets allo*i!0 exte!sive i!ter!atio!al travel at basic6service7 sta!"ar" .or stu"e!ts a!" bu"0et tourists1 to the luxur+ o. Halace o! Bheels *here the trai! vo+a0e is the holi"a+/ 8ruise li!es are o-erati!0 "i..ere!t services tailore" to co!sumers> bu"0ets1 a!" other shi--i!0 li!es i!volve" i! the tourist i!"ustr+1 es-eciall+ the .err+ o-erators1 are broa"e!i!0 a!" u-0ra"i!0 their ra!0e o. services a!" .acilities to meet co!sumer ex-ectatio!s1 a!" to remai! com-etitive/ 8oach a!" bus com-a!ies have acte" i! a similar .ashio! a!" so have the car re!tal com-a!ies/ Accommodation Accommo"atio! i!clu"es hotels1 ra!0i!0 .rom the bi00est i!ter!atio!al chai!s reco0!iDable *orl"*i"e such as Eilto! a!" Eoli"a+ I!! to small i!"e-e!"e!t establishme!ts/ I! or"er to 0ai! reco0!itio! i! a! i!creasi!0l+ com-etitive market-lace1 ma!+ smaller i!"e-e!"e!t hotels have 0rou-e" to0ether1 a"o-ti!0 a co!sortium a--roach/ &!"er a ce!tral bra!" !ame1 the+ ca! o..er ce!tral reservatio!s services1 .or e0/ a!" -rese!t a reco0!iDable i"e!tit+ to co!sumers *hich e!ables them to com-ete a0ai!st the lar0er1 more establishe" chai!s/ 'ther t+-es o. accommo"atio!s are also *ell establishe" i! tourist markets1 !otabl+ sel.-cateri!0 a-artme!ts a!" club t+-e com-lexes/ Bith the i!!umerable "ream "esti!atio!s I!"ia o..ers the best o. the accommo"atio! .acilities to the travelers to the la!"/ There are -le!t+ o. hotels a!" resorts i! I!"ia that cater to the !ee"s o. tourists o. all ki!"s/ The hotels a!" resorts i! I!"ia -rovi"e hi0h sta!"ar"s o. 3ualit+ o. accommo"atio!1 .acilities a!" [Link] to satis.+ the clie!t>s at the most reaso!able rates/ The variet+ o. hotels a!" resorts i! I!"ia ra!0i!0 .rom Fuxur+ Eotels1 Sta!"ar" Eotels1 Bu"0et Eotels to the Eerita0e Eotels I! I!"ia/ The! there are several I!"ia! L I!ter!atio!al Eotel 8hai!s i! I!"ia/ The services a!" the .acilities are such that the hos-itabilit+ o. I!"ia 0ets reveale" al*a+s/ Throu0hout the le!0th a!" the brea"th o. the cou!tr+ that is "otte" *ith tourist "esti!atio!s the hotels a!" resorts are available to make +our ex-erie!ce o. I!"ia u!i3ue/

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The i!com-arable a!" i!cre"ible la!" o. I!"ia o..ers -le!t+ o. accommo"atio! o-tio!s such that the visit to the *o!"erla!" suits all -ockets/ The cou!tr+ *here tra"itio! a!" tre!"s .use to 0ive +ou the best the ra!0e o. -ossible accommo"atio!s is vast/ There are the exclusive hotels a!" hotel chai!s that boast o. luxurious ame!ities a!" *orl"-class "Rcor/ Eotels i! I!"ia have bee! cate0oriDe" o! "i..ere!t -arameters all o. them taki!0 i!to accou!t the .actors such as service -rovi"e"1 i!.rastructure1 locatio!1 herita0e value1 a!" t+-es o. 0uests accommo"ate"/ Fike ma!+ other cou!tries *orl"*i"e1 these cate0oriDatio!s hel- the commo! travelers Dero "o*! o! the accommo"atio! o-tio! he ca! a..or" or *a!te" to sta+ at "uri!0 hisCher visit/ Some of the e amples %uni 5aveli$A dream in red sandstone

Fu!i is a small villa0e some 30 km .rom #o"h-ur a!" the haveli is at least t*o ce!turies ol"/ No o!e live" there [Link] 9A@01 save bats a!" su!"r+ re-tiles/ I! 9 5- 3 it all cha!0e"1 exte!sive re!ovatio!s *ere carrie" out a!" to"a+ the Fu!i Eaveli is o!e o. Ra,astha!2s more im-ressive herita0e hotels/ The -ro-ert+ exte!"s over t*o a!" a hal. acres1 has 9 rooms a!" *ill soo! o..er its 0uests a s*immi!0 -ool/ It has achieve" a ;0= avera0e occu-a!c+/ It is ru! b+ 5? +ears ol" %ikram Si!0h a!" Kami!i his *i.e *ho till "ate tha!k a certai! hotel chai! *ho a--roache" them to "evelo- the -ro-ert+/ Eo*ever1 the "eal coul" !ot be ma"e but the i"ea *as im-la!te" a!" to"a+ Fu!i Eaveli is be0i!!i!0 to .i!" itsel. o! tourist iti!eraries/ !era !undlod Kila

$era $u!"lo" Kila1 a 5;0-+ear-ol" .ort i! the heart o. Shekha*ati/ Its <9

rei!s are i! the ha!"s o. Thakur Ra0hubir Si!0h a!" his "+!amic so!1 Ku!*ar Ra0have!"ra Si!0h1 better k!o*! as Bo!!ie/ The .ather-a!"-so! "uo "eci"e" to co!vert the -ro-ert+ i!to a hotel *ith a "ual -ur-ose i! mi!"J it *oul"1 o! the o!e ha!"1 save the s-ra*li!0 .ortress .rom tur!i!0 i!to a rui! a!"1 o! the other1 0e!erate some ba"l+ !ee"e" i!come .or the .amil+/ To"a+1 *ith 5? rooms a!" a! a!!ual tur!over o. Rs 90-95 lakh1 the Si!0hs are rea-i!0 the re*ar"s o. their sa0acit+/ ,arain ni(as palace $ A rest house for camel caravans

To"a+ the -alace i! the 0ol"e! cit+ o. #aisalmer has a +earl+ tur!over o. a !eat Rs ?0 Fakhs/ Also the local [Link] are .i!"i!0 a !e* lease o. li.e *ith the i!crease i! their "ema!"/ The various local arts are also revivi!0 "ue to the same/ Thus *e see that i. ma!a0e" -ro-erl+ tourism is be![Link] to all/ Tour operators Tour o-erators are the .irms *hich s-ecialiDe i! -rovi"i!0 the *hole holi"a+ -acka0e1 i!cor-orati!0 travel a!" accommo"atio! !ee"s .or the co!sumer/ The+ ra!0e .rom hi0hl+ s-ecialiDe" o-eratio!s such as I!"ia!visit/com1 *ho customiDe ever+ ki!" o. tri- that +ou ca! "ream o.1 to lar0e o-erators o..eri!0 services at all "i..ere!t levels to cater .or bu"0et1 .amil+1 or si!0les holi"a+s to I!ear> or [Link]*a+> "esti!atio!s/ Thomas 8ook is o!e o. the best k!o*! o. such o-erators4 the+ also o..er travel a0e!c+ a!" .i!a!cial services to their co!sumers/ A! i!"e-e!"e!t local coach .irm ma+ also be a tour o-erator1 a!" ma!+ tra!s-ortatio! com-a!ies also o..er holi"a+ -acka0es/ I! to"a+>s com-etitive market a!" *ith the i!crease" bar0ai!i!0 -o*er o. the co!sumers there is o!l+ o!e *a+ to survive i! the rat race a!" that is b+ se0me!ti!0 the market a!" o..eri!0 "i..ere!t -ro"ucts -erti!e!t to the "ema!" o. that se0me!t/ Some o. the 0over!me!t i!itiatives areJ 9/ Travel A0e!ts Associatio! o. I!"ia 5/ [Link] Asia Travel Associatio! 3/ Travel A0e!ts (e"eratio! o. I!"ia

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</ I!"ia! Associatio! o. Tour '-erators Tourism !estination 0perators; !estination Management This is !e* cate0or+ i! ma!+ se!ses1 as it is a! area o. the tourism i!"ustr+ *hich has see! a massive 0ro*th i! the "evelo-me!t o. theme -arks a!" other t+-es o. [Link] tourist "esti!atio!s i! the rece!t +ears/ Eo*ever $is!e+la!" a!" $is!e+*orl" i! America *ere the .oreru!!ers o. this "evelo-me!t i! tourism marketi!01 a!" the+ have bee! *ell establishe" .or "eca"es/ It is "ue to the rece!t 0ro*th1 a!" the co!ti!ui!0 tre!"s1 *hich make it area *hich shoul" be co!si"ere" se-aratel+ as a tourism i!"ustr+/ The !e* Euro$is!e+ theme -ark i! (ra!ce is a! exam-le o. a tourism "esti!atio! o-eratio!/ '! a smaller scale1 herita0e -arks *hich bei!0 "evelo-e" .rom Britai!>s i!"ustrial *astela!" such as Bi0a! Hier1 *hich attracte" over hal. a millio! tourists i! 9 91 a!" similar attractio!s !o* re-rese!t a si0![Link]!t amou!t o. tourism activit+/ !ocuments "e<uires during India Tour T5) -ASS-0"T A -ass-ort ca! be "e.i!e" as Ma! o..icial "ocume!t issue" b+ a com-ete!t -ublic authorit+ to !atio!als or to alie! resi"e!ts o. the issui!0 cou!tr+N/ 'ther tha! allo*i!0 access to a!other cou!tr+1 the -ass-ort ca! be use" as a mea! o. i"e![Link]!/ A!other -ur-ose o. the -ass-ort is to -rovi"e evi"e!ce o. le0al e!tr+ i!to a!other cou!tr+/ Some cou!tries allo* ,oi!t -ass-ort/ That mea!s that t*o or more -eo-les travelli!0 to0ether hol" a si!0le ,oi!t -ass-ort/ S-ouses a!" C or their chil"re! ma+ obtai! a ,oi!t -ass-ort/ T5) 9ISA$ 9ISIT0"'S I,T),SI0, T0 STA8 A+"0A! A %ISA is a! e!tr+ i! a -ass-ort or other travel "ocume!t ma"e b+ a! o..icial o. a 0over!me!t1 i!"icati!0 that the bearer has bee! 0ra!te" authorit+ to e!ter or re-e!ter the cou!tr+ co!cer!e"/ A %ISA usuall+ [Link] the authoriDe" le!0th o. sta+1 the -erio" o. vali"it+ a!" the !umber o. e!tries allo*e" "uri!0 that -erio"/ &!"er !ormal circumsta!ces1 o!ce a %ISA has bee! issue"1 the! e!tr+ i!to the cou!tr+ shoul" be 0ra!te"/ Some a0e!ts o..er %ISA services1 i! *hich case the a0e!c+ *ill obtai! "etail i!.ormatio! .rom the clie!t a!" -robabl+ char0e a .ee .or the service/ Travel Information Manual The Travel I!.ormatio! Ma!ual 6TIM7 -rovi"es u--to-"ate i!.ormatio! re3uire" to e!sure that correct o..icial a!" 0over!me!tal "ocume!tatio! is com-lete" [Link] travel/ TIM is -ublishe" each mo!th i! o!e la!0ua0eE!0lish/ It is use" throu0hout the *orl"1 -rovi"i!0 airli!es1 a0e!ts a!" others *orki!0 *ithi! this i!"ustr+ *ith i!.ormatio! o! more tha! 500 cou!tries>

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travel re0ulatio!s1 -roce"ures a!" restrictio!s/ Tourism Associations IATA: Air tra!s-ort is o!e o. the most "+!amic i!"ustries i! the *orl"/ The I!ter!atio!al Air Tra!s-ort Associatio! 6IATA7 is its 0lobal tra"e or0a!iDatio!/ 'ver @0 +ears1 IATA has "evelo-e" the commercial sta!"ar"s that built a 0lobal i!"ustr+/ To"a+1 IATA>s missio! is to re-rese!t1 lea" a!" serve the airli!e i!"ustr+/ Its members com-rise some 5<0 airli!es - the *orl">s lea"i!0 -asse!0er a!" car0o airli!es amo!0 them - re-rese!ti!0 < -erce!t o. sche"ule" i!ter!atio!al air tra..ic/ Re-rese!ti!0P IATA seeks to im-rove u!"ersta!"i!0 o. the i!"ustr+ amo!0 "ecisio! makers a!" i!crease a*are!ess o. the be![Link] that aviatio! bri!0s to !atio!al a!" 0lobal eco!omies/ It .i0hts .or the i!terests o. airli!es across the 0lobe1 challe!0i!0 u!reaso!able rules a!" char0es1 hol"i!0 re0ulators a!" 0over!me!ts to accou!t1 a!" strivi!0 .or se!sible re0ulatio!/ Fea"i!0P IATA>s aim is to hel- airli!es hel- themselves b+ sim-li.+i!0 -rocesses a!" i!creasi!0 -asse!0er co!ve!ie!ce *hile re"uci!0 costs a!" im-rovi!0 e..icie!c+/ The 0rou!"breaki!0 ISim-li.+i!0 the Busi!ess> i!itiative is crucial i! this area/ Moreover1 [Link]+ is IATA>s !umber o!e -riorit+1 a!" IATA>s 0oal is to co!ti!uall+ im-rove [Link]+ sta!"ar"s1 !otabl+ throu0h IATA>s '-eratio!al [Link]+ Au"it 6I'SA7/ A!other mai! co!cer! is to mi!imiDe the im-act o. air tra!s-ort o! e!viro!me!t/ Servi!0P IATA e!sures that -eo-le a!" 0oo"s ca! move arou!" the 0lobal airli!e !et*ork as easil+ as i. the+ *ere o! a si!0le airli!e i! a si!0le cou!tr+/ I! a""itio!1 it -rovi"es esse!tial -[Link]!al su--ort to all i!"ustr+ stakehol"ers *ith a *i"e ra!0e o. -ro"ucts a!" ex-ert services1 such as -ublicatio!s1 trai!i!0 a!" co!sulti!0/ IATA>s .i!a!cial s+stems also helcarriers a!" the travel i!"ustr+ maximiDe reve!ues/ P (or the be![Link] .or all -arties i!volve"J (or co!sumers1 IATA [Link] the travel a!" shi--i!0 -rocesses1 *hile kee-i!0 costs "o*!/ Hasse!0ers ca! make o!e tele-ho!e call to reserve a ticket1 -a+ i! o!e curre!c+ a!" the! use the ticket o! several airli!es i! several cou!tries/ IATA allo*s airli!es to o-erate [Link]+1 securel+1 e..icie!tl+ a!" eco!omicall+ u!"er clearl+ "e.i!e" rules/ IATA serves as a! i!terme"iar+ bet*ee! airli!es a!" -asse!0er as *ell as car0o a0e!ts via !eutrall+ a--lie" a0e!c+ service sta!"ar"s a!" ce!traliDe" .i!a!cial s+stems/ A lar0e !et*ork o. i!"ustr+ su--liers a!" service -rovi"ers 0athere" b+ IATA -rovi"es soli" ex-ertise to airli!es i! a variet+ o. i!"ustr+ solutio!s/ (or 0over!me!ts1 IATA seeks to e!sure the+ are *ell i!.orme" about the com-lexities o. the aviatio! i!"ustr+ to e!sure better1 lo!0-term "ecisio!s/ /TTC:

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Raisi!0 a*are!ess o. the im-orta!ce o. Travel L Tourism1 -romoti!0 s+!er0ies bet*ee! the -ublic a!" -rivate sector1 0e!erati!0 -[Link] as *ell as -rotecti!0 !atural1 social a!" cultural e!viro!me!t1 are the .u!"ame!tal com-o!e!ts o. BTT82s missio!1 as outli!e" i! the Blue-ri!t .or Ne* Tourism/ BTT8 is .irml+ committe" to realiDi!0 our i!"ustr+2s -ote!tial .or 0ro*th a!" e!suri!0 maximum a!" sustai!able be![Link] .or ever+o!e i!volve"/ As o!e o. the i!"ustries *hich 0e!erates the most em-lo+me!t1 Travel L Tourism !ee"s the com-lete u!"ersta!"i!0 a!" su--ort o. 0over!me!ts a!" i!ter!atio!al or0a!iDatio!s i! or"er to realiDe its .ull -ote!tial1 .or the be![Link] o. all/ This i!"ustr+ ca! o!l+ 0ro* i. 0over!me!ts realiDe its real eco!omic a!" social value a!" create the !ecessar+ i!.rastructure to able to accommo"ate this "evelo-me!t/ Borl"*i"e1 Travel L Tourism is ex-ecte" to 0ro* at a level o. </3 = -er +ear over the !ext te! +ears1 creati!0 a! o--ortu!it+ .or ever+ cou!tr+ i! the *orl" to be -art o. this -rocess a!" to share the be![Link]/ Euma!it+ is .aci!0 !e* challe!0es/ Bith its close ties to the !atural1 social a!" cultural e!viro!me!t1 Travel L Tourism has a si0![Link]!t res-o!sibilit+ a!" role to -la+1 !ot o!l+ i! 0lobal "ialo0ue1 but more im-orta!tl+ i! im-leme!ti!0 solutio!s *hich *ill lea" to a better use o. our limite" resources/ 7,IT)! :)!)"ATI0, 0: T"A9)% AG),TS' ASS0CIATI0,S 27:TAA3 &(TAA re-rese!ts !atio!al travel a0e!ts> associatio! i! a si0![Link]!t !umber o. cou!tries/ It remai!s the most -romi!e!t bo"+ re-rese!ti!0 the i!terests o. travel a0e!ts *orl"*i"e a!" e!,o+s co!sultative status *ith the &!ite" Natio!s/ The &(TAA Secretariat co!sists o. its Secretar+ )e!eral a!" a small team1 base" i! Mo!aco1 *hich is "irecte" b+ a! electe" Boar" o. $irectors com-ose" o. a cross-sectio! o. travel a0e!ts .rom arou!" the *orl"/ /0"%! T07"ISM 0"GA,I=ATI0, 2/T03 BT'1 !ot to be co!.use" *ith the Borl" Tra"e 'r0a!iDatio!1 serves as a 0lobal .orum .or tourism -olic+ issues a!" a -ractical source o. tourism k!o*-ho*/ Base" i! Ma"ri"1 BT' is e!truste" b+ the &!ite" Natio!s to hel- cou!tries maximiDe the -ositive im-acts o. tourism1 such as ,ob creatio!1 i!.rastructure "evelo-me!t a!" .orei0! excha!0e ear!i!0s1 *hile at the same time mi!imiDi!0 !e0ative e!viro!me!tal or social im-acts/ I! the +ear 500;1 about A0A millio! tourists travelle" i!ter!atio!all+ 6re0istere" a 0ro*th o. ;/@ -er ce!t over 500<7 a!" the tourism recei-ts have bee! about &S: @A5 billio!/ To 0ive reco0!itio! to tourism as a source o. i!come a!" em-lo+me!t 0e!erator i! the eco!om+1 a 2Tourism Satellite Accou!ti!0 6TSA72 has bee! "evelo-e"/ TSA e!ables the Mi!istr+ to 3ua!ti.+ the be![Link] o. tourism i! terms o. co!tributio! to 0ross "omestic -ro"uct 6)$H7 a!" em-lo+me!t 6both "irect a!" i!"irect im-acts7/ I!"ia is amo!0 the .e* cou!tries i! the *orl" to "evelo- TSA/ As -er the TSA stu"+1 the co!tributio! o. tourism i! )$H o. the

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cou!tr+ has bee! ;/ 0 -er ce!t i! 5003-0<1 *hile em-lo+me!t i! tourism sector 6both "irect a!" i!"irect7 has bee! <9/A millio! i! the same +ear1 thus accou!ti!0 .or A/?A -er ce!t o. total em-lo+me!t i! the cou!tr+/ Tourism Mar*eting -rocess Company: The com-a!+ i! the Tourism Sector ca! be the 8e!tral )over!me!t1 the State tourism 8or-oratio!s1 Tour '-erators such as S'T81 IT$81 etc/ The com-a!+ carries out IExter!al Marketi!0> as *ell as/ II!ter!al Marketi!0> ) ternal Mar*eting: It makes -romises to the customers1 .or e/0/ the Mala+sia! 0over!me!t>s a"vertiseme!t MMala+sia1 Trul+ AsiaN that -romises a veritable cultural -ara"ise to the customer/ Internal Mar*eting: The 8om-a!+ e!ables the Hrovi"ers to .[Link] the -romises ma"e b+ it to the customers/ (or exam-le1 the Mala+sia! )over!me!t mai!tai!s the local tra!s-ortatio! *ithi! the cou!tr+1 mai!tai!s the tourist s-ots such as KF To*ers1 etc/ -roviders: The Hrovi"ers i!clu"e all the e!tities that .i!all+ .[Link] the 8om-a!+>s -romise to the 8ustomers/ The+ u!"ertake II!teractive Marketi!0>1 because the+ are i! touch *ith the .i!al customer/ Thus i! the case o. the Mala+sia! 0over!me!t1 this *oul" i!clu"e the tra!s-ortatio! -rovi"ers 6Mala+sia! Airli!es1 Air I!"ia1 local bus tra!s-ortatio!1 local trai!s i! Kuala Fum-ur1 car a!" t*o-*heeler re!tals71 the "i..ere!t hotels *ithi! Mala+sia 6Ta!,am Hutri71 souve!ir outlets at tourist areas1 tourist s-ots 6)e!ti!0 hi0hla!"1 KF To*ers1 T*i! To*ers1 etc/71 restaura!ts 6K(8 #oi!ts1 Mar+ Bro*!1 HiDDa Eut71 etc/

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The > -s of Tourism The -roduct Mi The tourism -ro"uct is esse!tiall+ a! i!ta!0ible thi!0/ Also1 because tourism is a multi-se0me!t i!"ustr+1 the task o. .ormulati!0 a -ro"uct mix becomes more "i..icult L challe!0i!0/ Selli!0 a holi"a+ is Iselli!0 "reams>/ The *a+ to *i! the customer>s heart is throu0h the -eri-heral services -rovi"e" alo!0 *ith the core -ro"uct/ Thus a tourism -ro"uct is 3uite a com-lex o!e1 i!clu"i!0 the "esti!atio!1 airli!e seat1 hotel room1 occasio!al ta!0ible -ro"ucts such as souve!irs1 a .ree ba0 or bottle o. *hisk+1 etc/ I!!ovatio! i! the tourism i!"ustr+ hel-s to raise the se!sitivit+ i! this re0ar"/ There is !othi!0 .ixe" or .u!"ame!tal about the tourism -ro"uct/ The co!te!t .actor is *ithi! the ,uris"ictio! o. the 0over!me!t that u!"ertakes the mai!te!a!ce1 "evelo-me!t a!" co!servatio! o. tourist attractio!s such as -arks1 museums1 beaches1 historical treasures1 etc/ &!less these .actors are "evelo-e" i! the ri0ht .ashio!1 the marketi!0 -[Link]!als *oul" !ever be [Link] i! maki!0 the marketi!0 resources -ro"uctive/ Thus the "irect or i!"irect -atro!a0e o. the 0over!me!t is esse!tial to 0et a -ositive res-o!se/ The 0over!me!t a!" -rivate tourist or0a!iDatio!s *ork to0ether to u!"ertake activities such as "evelo-i!0 i!.rastructural .acilities such as tra!s-ortatio!1 *ater1 ba!ki!01 Me"icare .acilities1 etc/1 a!" also "evelo-i!0 a!" mai!tai! hotels1 cotta0es1 havelis1 lo"0es1 etc/ The -rice Mi I! -rici!0 "ecisio!s1 the -ro"uct or the service mix o. the tourist or0a!iDatio! is im-orta!t/ The+ have to set -rices i! li!e *ith the 3ualit+ o. services to be ma"e available to the customers/ Hrici!0 "ecisio!s are i!.lue!ce" b+ i!ter!al a!" exter!al .actors/ The tourism -[Link]!als are su--ose" to *atch the emer0i!0 tre!"s i! both the markets/ The+ are re3uire" to thi!k i! .avour o. "iscou!ti!0 -rice/ These ma+ i!clu"e "iscou!ts .or cash -a+me!ts1 seaso!al "iscou!ts1 tra"e "iscou!ts etc/ But *hile o..eri!0 the "iscou!ts1 it is !ot to be .or0otte! that it ma+ also create ima0e -roblem si!ce some o. the value se!sitive tourists ma+ "oubt the 3ualit+/ The -romotion Mi 8reatio! o. a*are!ess has a .ar reachi!0 im-act/ The tourist or0a!iDatio!s bear the res-o!sibilit+ o. i!.ormi!01 -ersua"i!0 a!" se!si!0 the -ote!tial tourists i! a ri0ht .ashio!/ The marketers !ee" to use the various com-o!e!ts o. -romotio! o-timall+ so that the+ succee" i! i!creasi!0 the !umber o. habitual users/ Hromotio! hel-s i! maximiDi!0 the "uratio! o. sta+1 .re3ue!c+ o. visit b+ o..eri!0 !e* tourist -ro"ucts i! the same cou!tr+ to areas *hich hitherto have remai!e" u!ta--e" or -artiall+ ta--e"/ The various "ime!sio!s o. tourism -romotio! are as .ollo*sJ Advertising: A"vertiseme!t hel-s i! .ur!ishi!0 im-orta!t i!.ormatio!

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to the actual a!" -ote!tial tourists/ Its covera0e is *i"e/ A"vertisi!0 is aime" at the -ublic to create a*are!ess o. the travel o..ers available o! a resort a!" its attractio!s to i!.lue!ce their busi!ess "ecisio!s/ I!ta!0ibilit+ ca! be com-e!sate" *ith the hel- o. visual ex-osure o. sce!es a!" eve!ts/ Be ca! -ro,ect hotel be"rooms1 *ell arra!0e" restaura!ts a!" ca.eterias1 s*immi!0 -ools etc/ Hublicit+J It .ocuses atte!tio! o! stre!0the!i!0 the -ublic relatio!s measures b+ "evelo-i!0 a ra--ort *ith me"ia -eo-le a!" 0etti!0 their -erso!aliDe" su--ort i! -ubliciDi!0 the busi!ess/ It hel-s i! -ro,ecti!0 the -ositive ima0e o. tourists or0a!iDatio!s si!ce the -ros-ects trust o! the !e*s items -ubliciDe" b+ the me"ia -eo-le/ E0/ Kumarakom i! Kerala [Link] Hrime Mi!ister A B %a,-a+ee>s visit/ The -ublicit+ -ro0ramme i!clu"e re0ular -ublicit+ stories a!" -hoto0ra-hs to the !e*s-a-ers1 travel e"itors1 co!tact *ith ma0aDi!es o! stories etc/ There are "i..ere!t 0rou-s i! -ublicit+1 such as a"vertisi!0 -ublicit+1 -ro,ecte" -ublicit+1 structural -ublicit+ a!" -erso!al -ublicit+/ Sales promotions: Sales -romotio! measures are the short term activities seeki!0 to boost sales at -eak "ema!" -erio"s to e!sure that the .irms obtai! its market share a!" are use" to hel- lau!ch a !e* -ro"uct or su--ort a! aili!0 or mo"[Link]" o!e/ The tool o. sales -romotio!s is "esi0!e" to a--eal -articularl+ to those customers *ho are -rice-se!sitive/ There are a !umber o. tech!i3ues to -romote sale a!" the tourist -[Link]!al !ee" to use them i! the .ace o. their re3uireme!ts vis-S-vis the emer0i!0 tre!"s i! the busi!ess/ E0/ I! the tourism i!"ustr+1 a travel com-a!+ o..ers 0ive-a*a+s to their clie!ts1 such as .li0ht ba0s1 *allets .or tickets a!" .orex a!" covers o. -ass-ort/ The hotels o..er a !umber o. .acilities like shoe shi!e clothes1 .irst ai" se*i!0 kits1 sho*er ca-s a!" sham-oo/ (urther1 the %IH clie!ts also 0et .ruits a!" .lo*ers i! their rooms/ Thomas 8ook o..ere" 3 tier sales -romotio! base" o! -rice a!" o!e more !ovel tech!i3ue as "etaile" belo*J 8ook a0ree" to match the -rice o. a!+ holi"a+ the+ sol" *hich *as k!o*! as -rice -romise/ Mo!e+ back 0uara!tee to the clie!ts *ho -urchase the -ro"uct or a!+ tour o-erator k!o*! as tra"i!0 charter/ Matchi!0 o. customers !ee" *ith a -articular holi"a+ k!o*! as .ormal 0uara!tee/ /ord$of$mouth -romotionJ Most commu!icatio! about tourism takes -lace b+ *or"-o.-mouth i!.ormatio! *hich i! a true se!se is *or"-[Link]!"atio!/ I! the tourism i!"ustr+ it is .ou!" that the *or"-o.-mouth -romoters -la+ the role o. a hi""e! sales.orce1 *ho i!strume!taliDe the -rocess o. selli!0/ The hi0h ma0!itu"e o. e..ective!ess o. this tool o. -romotio! is "ue to hi0h cre"ibilit+ o. the cha!!el1 s-eciall+ i! the e+es o. the -ote!tial tourists/ The se!sitivit+ o. this tool makes it clear that tourist or0a!iDatio!s !ee" to co!ce!trate o! the 3ualit+ o. services the+ -romise a!" o..er/ The marketers or the tourist or0a!iDatio!s !ee" to kee- their e+es o-e!1 i"e!ti.+ the vocal -erso!s or the o-i!io! lea"ers a!" take a s-ecial care o. them so that the+ kee- o! movi!0 the -rocess o. stimulati!0 a!" creati!0 "ema!"/

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-ersonal Selling: Herso!al Selli!0 is base" o! the -erso!al skill o. a! i!"ivi"ual/ The oral re-rese!tatio! i! co!versatio! bears the e..icac+ o. tra![Link]!0 the motivatio! i!to -ersuasio!/ The travel a!" hotel busi!ess "e-e!" co!si"erabl+ o! the -erso!al selli!0/ The "evelo-me!t o. travel a!" tourism has bee! -ossible "ue to *ell e"ucate" a!" trai!e" sales -erso!!el/ The "evelo-me!t o. tourism busi!ess has bee! i!.lue!ce" b+ the services re!"ere" b+ the travel a0e!ts a!" travel 0ui"es si!ce the+ *ork as i!.ormatio! carriers/ Herso!al selli!0 is the -erso!al -rese!tatio! o. a ta!0ible -ro"uct or i!ta!0ible services or i"eas to the -erso!al customers/ It is im-orta!t to me!tio! that i! the tourism i!"ustr+1 the -erso!!el *ho atte!" tourists .orm a! esse!tial i!0re"ie!t o. the -ro"uct1 such as sales -erso!!el are .ou!" res-o!sible .or "eali!0 *ith customers behi!" the cou!ter1 the resort re-rese!tatives cater to the !ee" o. tourists *he! the+ reach the "esti!atio! etc/ all o. them -la+ a vital role i! e!suri!0 that the tourism -ro"ucts satis.+ the tourists/ The -hrase- the customer is al*a+s ri0ht a--lies [Link]+ to the tourism i!"ustr+/ No re"uctio! i! -rice *oul" com-e!sate .or im-olite a!" i!"ece!t travel 0ui"e1 a solve!t *aiter a!" a surl+ or a hau0ht+ coach "river/ These .acts are testimo!+ to the -ro-ositio! that the travel busi!ess is li!ke" *ith the -[Link]!ce a!" behaviour o. sales -erso!!el or travel sta../ Telemar*eting: it is a metho" o. selli!0 i! *hich a -[Link]!all+ sou!" telemarketer ex-a!"s the busi!ess/ The 3ualit+ o. tech!olo0+ a!" the commu!icative abilit+ o. the telemarketers "etermi!e the ma0!itu"e o. success o. this com-o!e!t/ I! tourism1 the travel a0e!ts1 o..ices o. air*a+s1 rece-tio!ist1 a!" secretaries ca!>t *ork e..icie!tl+ i. the tele-ho!ic services are !ot u- to the mark/ This makes a stro!0 a"vocac+ i! .avour o. recruiti!0 a -erso! co!si"ere" to be -[Link]!all+ sou!"1 -erso!all+-committe" sales -erso!!el havi!0 a! i!-built creativit+1 i!!ovatio! a!" ima0i!atio!/ -lace Hlace or "istributio! ma!a0eme!t is co!cer!e" *ith t*o thi!0s availabilit+ a!" accessibilit+/ Researchers i! tourism must "etermi!e ho* a!" *here -ote!tial customers -[Link] to bu+ tourism -ro"ucts a!" services/ Most tour o-erators sell their services throu0h travel a0e!ts1 ho*ever some "eal "irectl+ *ith the co!sumers a!" elimi!ate mi""leme!/ 'ther com-a!ies ma+ also utiliDe more tha! o!e metho" o. "istributio!/ Airli!es1 .or exam-le1 sell tickets throu0h travel a0e!ts1 a!" sell seats o! .li0hts to tour o-erators1 a!" also o..er travelers to book seats themselves throu0h their o*! booki!0 o..ices/ There exist1 ho*ever1 a !umber o. i!terme"iaries i! the tourism marketi!0 cha!!el/ It "e-e!"s lar0el+ o! the cha!!el t+-e/ The i!ta!0ibilit+ .eature i! the service sector -reve!ts i!terme"iaries .rom taki!0 -ossessio! or o*!ershi- o. 0oo"s/ Tourism1 ho*ever1 -roves a! exce-tio! *here cuisi!e a!" souve!irs are 0oo"s a!" o*!ershi- is -ossible .or the i!terme"iaries/ Tra!s-ort also -la+s a ma,or role i! the tourism i!"ustr+/ It makes the

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"esti!atio!s accessible to -eo-le .rom arou!" the *orl"/ Also1 i! the case o. ta!0ible -ro"ucts i! tourism such as souve!irs a!" cuisi!e1 tra!s-ortatio! becomes a ma,or lo0istical com-o!e!t/ -eople Be ca!>t "e!+ the .act that so-histicate" tech!olo0ies have bee! [Link] i! accelerati!0 the -ace o. "evelo-me!t/ Be also a0ree *ith this vie* that !e* 0e!eratio! o. i!.ormatio! tech!olo0ies have [Link]" the task o. "ecisio! makers/ At the same time *e also have to acce-t the .act that the so-histicate" tech!olo0ies ca!>t "eliver 0oo"s to the "evelo-me!t -rocess i. the em-lo+ees o-erati!0 a!" mai!tai!i!0 these tech!olo0ies are !ot o. *orl" class/ Tech!olo0ies !ee" "ue su--ort o. huma! resources *ho i!ve!t1 i!!ovate a!" "evelo- tech!olo0ies/ Fike other i!"ustries1 the tourism i!"ustr+ "e-e!"s substa!tiall+ o! ma!a0eme!t o. huma! resources/ The tourism i!"ustr+ is a! amal0am o. the services o. a lot o. -eo-le a!" he!ce this i!"ustr+ ca!!ot *ork e..icie!tl+ i. the travel a0e!ts1 tour o-erators a!" travel 0ui"es lack *orl" class -[Link]!al excelle!ce/ '. course the o..ices o. travel a0e!ts "e-e!" o! the !e* tech!olo0+ but [Link] all em-lo+ees a!" the other sta.. co!tribute si0![Link]!tl+ to the -rocess/ The travel 0ui"es !ee" -[Link]!al excelle!ce si!ce the -ro,ectio! o. a -ositive ima0e re0ar"i!0 a "esti!atio! i! -articular re3uires their "ue coo-eratio!1 .aili!0 *hich eve! the *orl" class services o..ere" b+ the travel a0e!ts are .ou!" mea!i!0less/ The tour o-erators also !ee" to ma!a0e huma! resources e..icie!tl+/ I! the ma!a0eme!t o. -eo-le1 the relate" or0a!iDatio!s are re3uire" to thi!k i! .avour o. "evelo-i!0 a! o!0oi!0 trai!i!0 -ro0ram so that *e .i!" a close relatio! bet*ee! the "evelo-me!t o. tech!olo0ies a!" the 3ualit+ o. -erso!!el *ho are su--ose" to o-erate a!" mai!tai! the same/ The+ !ee" a lot o. cre"e!tials to .[Link] the ex-ectatio!s o. the customers/ The or0a!iDatio! has to make the e!viro!me!tal co!"itio!s co!"ucive a!" .ocus has to be lai" o! the i!ce!tives to the em-lo+ees .or e!er0iDi!0 the -rocess o. -[Link]!ce orie!tatio!/ Em-lo+ee orie!tatio! re3uires "ue *ei0hta0e to e..icie!c+ 0e!eratio!1 value-orie!tatio! a!" -[Link]!/ I! the tourism i!"ustr+ the travel a0e!ts a!" the travel 0ui"es are the t*o most im-orta!t -eo-le *ho s-eak a lot about the i!"ustr+/ Ee!ce it is im-erative that the+ have to be at their best at all times/ Travel 0ui"es es-eciall+1 are ex-ecte" to have a lot o. -atie!ce1 0oo" se!se o. humour1 tact to tra![Link] the occasio!al tourists i!to habitual o!es1 thorou0h k!o*le"0e o. the -laces1 li!0uistic skills etc/ The )over!me!t -la+s a! im-orta!t role i! -rovi"i!0 the ri0ht ki!" o. -eo-le .or this i!"ustr+/ As such there are a lot o. )ovt/ a!" Hvt/ I!stitutes *hich o..er trai!i!0 .or the same/ At -rese!t1 the Mi!istr+ o. Tourism is ru!!i!0 59 I!stitutes o. Eotel Ma!a0eme!t 6IEMs7 a!" 8ateri!0 Tech!olo0+ a!" 9< (oo" cra.t I!stitutes 6(8Is7/ The IEMs -rovi"e 3-+ear $i-loma i! Eotel Ma!a0eme!t1 9- 9C5 +ear Host-)ra"uate $i-loma i! Accommo"atio!

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'-eratio!s1 9-9C5 +ear Host-)ra"uate $i-loma i! $ietetics a!" Eos-ital (oo" Scie!ce1 9-9C5 +ear [Link] course i! (oo" Hro"uctio!1 @- mo!th [Link] course i! (oo" L Bevera0e Services1 @- mo!th [Link] course i! Eotel a!" 8ateri!0 Ma!a0eme!t1 9-9C5-+ear Host $i-loma i! Eotel A"mi!istratio! a!" H/)/ $i-loma i! (ast (oo" '-eratio!s/ The (8Is are e!0a0e" i! -rovi"i!0 the cra.t $i-loma i! 8ooker+1 (oo" L Bevera0e ServiceC Restaura!t L 8ou!ter service1 Rece-tio! L Book Kee-i!01 Eouse Kee-i!0 a!" Baker+ L 8o!.ectio!er+/ The trai!i!0 courses ru! b+ the I!stitutes are "esi0!e" to suit the !ee"s o. the various tar0et 0rou-s/ A-art .rom this The I!"ia! I!stitute o. Travel Ma!a0eme!t 6IITM71 establishe" i! 9 A31 b+ the Mi!istr+ o. Tourism1 )over!me!t o. I!"ia is .illi!0 the vacuum .or a! i!stitute that "evelo-s ma!-o*er exclusivel+ .or the tourism i!"ustr+/ The i!stitute has [Link]+ u!"ertake! ma,or i!itiatives .or "evelo-i!0 huma! resources re3uire" .or the tourism i!"ustr+/ The i!stitute took its sha-e [Link] the Natio!al 8ommittee o. Tourism1 *hich com-rise" members o. Harliame!t1 recomme!"e" that a! i!stitute cateri!0 to the re3uireme!ts o. tourism i!"ustr+ be set u- imme"iatel+/ The -ur-ose o. the i!stitute is to -rovi"e aca"emic o--ortu!ities to 0ra"uates a!" u!"er0ra"uates "irectl+ a!" i! collaboratio! *ith the lea"i!0 i!stitutes a!" u!iversities1 .or [Link] careers i! Eoli"a+ a!" Feisure Ma!a0eme!t1 tour o-eratio!1 tra!s-ortatio!1 accommo"atio! a!" i!ter-retatio! services/ The i!stitute is *orki!0 *ith the ob,ective o. total -[Link]!alism o. huma! resources e!0a0e" i! busi!ess o. tourism throu0h "i-lomas [Link] 0ra"uatio!1 s-eciall+ "esi0!e" -ractical trai!i!0 a!" .iel" research1 .orei0! la!0ua0e trai!i!0 -ro0rams1 executive "evelo-me!t -ro0rams .or retire" "e.e!se service -erso!!el1 *orksho-s1 semi!ars a!" co!.ere!ce1 tourism orie!tatio! talks at school a!" colle0e levels a!" tourism -romotio! com-etitio! amo!0 +ou!0 0e!eratio!/ A stu"e!t *ho 0ra"uates .rom IITM is absorbe" i! the mi""le level executive -ositio!s i! travel a0e!cies1 *ith tour o-erators1 tra!s-ort com-a!ies1 hotels1 "omestic a!" i!ter!atio!al airli!es1 car0o services1 besi"es 0etti!0 i!to 0over!me!t ,obs/ The i!stitute is also o..eri!0 courses i! com-uter a--licatio!s a!" so.t*are stu"ies1 basic course o. air travel .ares a!" ticketi!01 basic course o! airli!es1 travel a0e!cies a!" tour o-eratio! ma!a0eme!t1 basic course i! air a!" sea car0o service ma!a0eme!t1 basic course o! com-uter a--licatio! i! travel a!" tourism i!"ustr+1 "i-loma i! tourism a!" travel ma!a0eme!t a!" .orei0! la!0ua0e/ A-art .rom IITM there are other i!stitutes like The I!stitute o. Eotel1 8ar0o a!" Tourism Ma!a0eme!t 6IE8TM71 a!other o!e ru! b+ Borl" Tourism 'r0a!iDatio! a!" various other -rivate i!stitutes cateri!0 to the !ee"s o. the i!"ustr+/

7ni<ue Characteristics of The Tourism Industry There are .our mai! characteristics *hich "isti!0uish the tourism i!"ustr+ .rom other service -rovi"ersJ

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Infle ibility: The tourism i!"ustr+ is hi0hl+ i!.lexible i! terms o. ca-acit+/ The !umber o. be"s i! a hotel or seats o! a! air-la!e is .ixe" so it is !ot -ossible to meet su""e! u-sur0es i! "ema!"/ Similarl+1 restaura!t tables1 hotel be"s a!" air-la!e seats remai! em-t+ a!" u!use" i! -erio"s o. lo* "ema!"/ The seaso!al !ature o. tourism activit+ exacerbates this -roblem/ -erishability: Tourism services are hi0hl+ -erishable/ A! u!use" hotel be" or a! em-t+ air-la!e seat re-rese!ts a! imme"iate loss o. that service as a mea!s o. ear!i!0 -[Link]/ This has a! im-act o! overall i!"ustr+ -[Link]+/ :i ed location: Tourism "esti!atio!s are .ixe" locatio!s so e..ort must be co!ce!trate" i! commu!icati!0 the .acilit+ to the -ote!tial co!sumer/ A co!sumer ca! co!ve!ie!tl+ *atch a Eoll+*oo" movie at the local ci!ema but has to be -ersua"e" to travel to I!"ia to see the Ta, Mahal/ "elatively %arge :inancial Investment: Ever+ mo"er! tourist establishme!t a!" .acilit+ re3uires lar0e i!vestme!t1 .re3ue!tl+ over a lo!0 time scale/ This mea!s that the level o. risk a!" the rate o. retur! are criticall+ im-orta!t to tourism ma!a0eme!t/

:uture -rospects Accor"i!0 to the 5005 estimates o. the Borl" Tourism 'r0a!isatio! 6BT'71 i!ter!atio!al tourist i!.lo* i! I!"ia b+ 5050 *oul" be 90 m1 *hich mea!s the tourist i!.lux has to 0ro* at a 8A)R o. @/;= .or the !ext 9< +ears/ This makes the cou!tr+ o!e o. the .astest 0ro*i!0 tourist "esti!atio!s i! the *orl" seco!" o!l+ to 8hi!a/ As o. (K0?1 the i!crease i! the tourist arrivals is *ell i!li!e *ith the BT' estimates/ I!"ia accou!ts .or 0/;= o. *orl" tourism1 a!" the tourist i!.lo* is ex-ecte" to 0ro* at the rate o. <= till 5090/ Stro!0 )$H 0ro*th1 im-rovi!0 i!.rastructure1 co!.i"e!ce o! the cou!tr+2s eco!omic -ros-ects1 o-e! sk+ -olic+ a!" the 2I!cre"ible I!"ia2 cam-ai0! has im-rove" the outlook .or I!"ia/ This -ositive outlook *oul" i!crease the tourist arrival i! the cou!tr+ a!" the hotel i!"ustr+ is ex-ecte" to be the ma,or be![Link]+/ Eve! "omestic tourism is 0ai!i!0 mome!tum/ Risi!0 "is-osable i!comes1 chea-er [Link] a!" better co!!ectivit+ *oul" co!ti!ue to i!crease the "ema!" .or rooms/ The .avourable "ema!" su--l+ 0a- is likel+ to co!ti!ue till (K0 *he! ma,or ex-a!sio!s *oul" come i!/ Bith !o !e* su--l+ comi!0 i! the !ear .uture1 avera0e room rates are ex-ecte" to sur0e hi0her/ ARRs have 0ro*! at a com-ou!"e" rate o. 9A= over the last three +ears/ Ma!+ i!ter!atio!al hotel chai!s either have or o! the look out .or setti!0 usho- i! the cou!tr+/ 8om-a!ies like the Eilto! a!" E+att 0rou- have alrea"+ tie" u*ith local 0ia!ts East I!"ia Eotels a!" Asia! Eotels/ 'thers like (our Seaso!s1 are

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o! the lookout .or a -art!er or *oul" be setti!0 u- their o*! hotels1 0over!me!t -ermitti!0/ This clearl+ sho*s that I!"ia is o! the i!ter!atio!al tourism ra"ar/ Althou0h -ros-ects are -romisi!01 a!+ cha!0e i! the 0lobal 0eo--olitical situatio!s ca! a!" have a"versel+ a..ecte" the -[Link]!ce o. this sector/ Also1 the hei0hte!e" "ema!" .or la!"1 es-eciall+ .rom real estate -la+ers has le" to a steeescalatio! i! the -rices/ Also1 shorta0e o. ma!-o*er is 0oi!0 to be a hu0e challe!0e 0oi!0 .or*ar"/ Eotel -la+ers *ith a "[Link]" -[Link] across "i..ere!t se0me!ts are likel+ to be the ke+ be![Link]/ This shoul" be o!e o. the "etermi!i!0 .actors *hile i!vesti!0 i! this sector Tourism sector to generate more than ? la*h #obs by ?@A@ The Tourism a!" 8ulture Mi!ister Smt/ Ambika So!i has sai" that i!.rastructure a!" skille" ma! -o*er have to be i! ri0ht -lace i! the !ext .ive +ears i! the *ake o. boom i! tourism sector a!" eco!omic 0ro*th o. the cou!tr+/ A""ressi!0 a 0rou- o. bu""i!0 air hostesses here to"a+1 she sai" it is -ro,ecte" that b+ 5090 about 90 millio! .orei0! tourists *ill arrive i! the cou!tr+ a!" the out bou!" tourism *ill also 0ro* ma![Link]"s *hich curre!tl+ sta!"s at A millio! tourists/ She sai" mo"er!iDatio!C u-0ra"atio! o. i!ter!atio!al air-orts at Mumbai a!" $elhi1 creatio! o. about o!e lakh .i.t+ thousa!" a""itio!al rooms i! bu"0et a!" star cate0or+ hotels are the mai! challe!0es [Link] all the stakehol"ers i! civil aviatio! a!" tourism sector/ The -he!ome!al 0ro*th i! these t*o sectors has .ar reachi!0 im-licatio!s/ The cou!tr+ *ill *it!ess treme!"ous em-lo+me!t 0e!eratio! i! the skille" a!" semi-skille" sector viD/ -ilots1 aviatio! e!0i!eers1 air hostesses1 ste*ar"s1 0rou!" ha!"li!0 sta..1 0ui"es1 travel a0e!ts1 tour o-erators a!" .rei0ht a0e!cies/ The Mi!ister sai" the tourism sector is likel+ to 0e!erate t*o lakh -lus ,obs b+ 5090 i! the *ake o. commo!*ealth 0ames/ She sai" tourism a!" civil aviatio! are i!extricabl+ li!ke"4 these t*o sectors .ee" u-o! each other a!" su--ort each other/ A strate0+ to "evelo- ma!-o*er resource shoul" take i!to accou!t the "ema!"s a!" the 0ro*th tra,ectories o. both aviatio! a!" tourism/ Smt/ So!i sai" )over!me!t is rea"+ to have -ublic -rivate -art!ershi- both i! tourism i!.rastructure "evelo-me!t a!" trai!i!0 a!" u-0ra"atio! o. skills throu0h s-ecialiDe" i!stitutio!s/ +"IG5T -"0S-)CTS 0: G"0/T5 0: T07"ISM I, I,!IA : )C0,0MIC S7"9)8 )conomic Survey$?@@B$@C The Eco!omic Surve+ 500?-0A has sai" that the -ros-ects .or 0ro*th o. tourism i! I!"ia are bri0ht/ The overall "evelo-me!t o. tourism i!.rastructure cou-le" *ith other e..orts b+ the )over!me!t to -romote tourism such as a--ro-riatel+ -ositio!i!0 I!"ia o! the 0lobal tourism mathrou0h the MI!cre"ible I!"iaN cam-ai0!1 accor"i!0 0reater .ocus to !e*l+ emer0i!0 markets such as 8hi!a1 Fati! America a!" 8IS cou!tries1 a!" -artici-ati!0 i! tra"e .airs a!" exhibitio!s *ill .acilitate tourism 0ro*th/ The rate o. 0ro*th o. tourism sector i! I!"ia has bee! *a+ above the *orl" avera0e i! the last .e* +ears/ 500@-0? is the .ourth co!secutive +ear o. hi0h 0ro*th i! .orei0! tourist arrivals a!" .orei0! excha!0e ear!i!0s .rom

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tourism/ 500@-0? sa* arrival o. a--roximatel+ <@/33 lakhs .orei0! tourists i! I!"ia1 thereb+ re0isteri!0 a 0ro*th o. 93 -er ce!t over the -revious +ear/ As -er a"va!ce estimates1 .orei0! excha!0e ear!e" "uri!0 500@-0? "ue to tourism *as : @ @ millio! a 0ro*th o. 53/; -er ce!t over the -revious +ear/

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