UNIT–I
1. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for path determination?
a) Network
b) Data Link
c) Transport
d) Session
Answer: a
2. OSI model has how many layers?
a) 5
b) 6
c) 7
d) 8
Answer: c
3. TCP/IP model contains how many layers?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 7
Answer: b
4. Which network example is the first packet-switched network?
a) Token Ring
b) ARPANET
c) Ethernet
d) Novell Netware
Answer: b
5. LAN stands for:
a) Local Area Network
b) Large Area Network
c) Linear Access Node
d) Local Access Network
Answer: a
6. MAN covers which area?
a) A building
b) A city
c) A continent
d) A room
Answer: b
7. Optical fiber is an example of:
a) Unguided media
b) Guided media
c) Wireless media
d) Duplex media
Answer: b
8. Which multiplexing uses different carrier frequencies?
a) TDM
b) FDM
c) WDM
d) SDM
Answer: b
9. WDM is mainly used in:
a) Satellite
b) Fiber optic communication
c) LAN
d) Coaxial cable
Answer: b
10. Digital modulation belongs to which layer?
a) Application
b) Network
c) Data Link
d) Physical
Answer: d
11. OSI model was developed by:
a) IEEE
b) ISO
c) ITU
d) ANSI
Answer: b
12. Internet is an example of:
a) LAN
b) PAN
c) WAN
d) MAN
Answer: c
13. TDM stands for:
a) Time Division Multiplexing
b) Time Duplex Mode
c) Transfer Data Mode
d) Time Delay Multiplex
Answer: a
14. In FDM, each signal is assigned:
a) Time slot
b) Frequency band
c) Code
d) Wavelength
Answer: b
15. ARPANET was developed by:
a) NASA
b) DARPA
c) IBM
d) IEEE
Answer: b
UNIT-II
1. Data Link Layer provides services to:
a) Physical layer
b) Network layer
c) Transport layer
d) Application layer
Answer: b
2. Dividing data into frames is called:
a) Routing
b) Framing
c) Multiplexing
d) Switching
Answer: b
3. Which method detects errors?
a) CRC
b) ARQ
c) Stop-and-Wait
d) Sliding Window
Answer: a
4. Hamming code is used for:
a) Error detection
b) Error correction
c) Framing
d) Flow control
Answer: b
5. Stop-and-Wait is a ______ protocol.
a) Sliding window
b) Flow control
c) Framing
d) Error detection
Answer: b
6. ALOHA works based on:
a) Time slots
b) Random access
c) Token passing
d) Polling
Answer: b
7. CSMA stands for:
a) Carrier Sense Multiple Access
b) Carrier Signal Media Access
c) Central System Media Access
d) Channel Sense Multiple Access
Answer: a
8. Which LAN technology uses tokens?
a) Ethernet
b) Token Ring
c) Wi-Fi
d) Coaxial LAN
Answer: b
9. IEEE 802.3 refers to:
a) Token ring
b) Token bus
c) Ethernet
d) Wi-Fi
Answer: c
10. Which protocol avoids collisions?
a) Pure ALOHA
b) CSMA/CD
c) Collision-free protocol
d) Slotted ALOHA
Answer: c
11. Virtual LANs are implemented using:
a) Hubs
b) Switches
c) Repeaters
d) Modems
Answer: b
12. Bridges operate at which layer?
a) Physical
b) Data Link
c) Network
d) Session
Answer: b
13. Wi-Fi belongs to IEEE:
a) 802.3
b) 802.11
c) 802.5
d) 802.15
Answer: b
14. Token Bus belongs to IEEE:
a) 802.11
b) 802.3
c) 802.4
d) 802.5
Answer: c
15. Sliding window uses:
a) Single frame
b) Multiple frames
c) No frames
d) Physical layer
Answer: b
UNIT–III
1. Shortest Path routing commonly uses:
a) BFS
b) Dijkstra’s algorithm
c) Flooding
d) Bellman-Ford
Answer: b
2. Flooding sends packets to:
a) Only best route
b) All neighbors
c) Only one neighbor
d) Gateway
Answer: b
3. Distance vector routing uses:
a) Link state
b) Bellman-Ford
c) Dijkstra
d) OSPF
Answer: b
4. Link State routing uses:
a) Bellman-Ford
b) Dijkstra
c) Flooding
d) ARQ
Answer: b
5. Congestion is caused when:
a) Many packets forwarded
b) Low bandwidth
c) Traffic exceeds network capacity
d) Network idle
Answer: c
6. Choke packets are used for:
a) Error detection
b) Flow control
c) Congestion control
d) MAC
Answer: c
7. IP addressing belongs to which layer?
a) Transport
b) Data Link
c) Network
d) Application
Answer: c
8. OSPF stands for:
a) Open Shortest Path First
b) Optimal Sequence Path First
c) Open Source Path First
d) Online Shortest Path First
Answer: a
9. BGP is a ______ routing protocol.
a) Interior
b) Exterior
c) Static
d) Default
Answer: b
10. Tunneling is used in:
a) NAT
b) IPv4-IPv6 transition
c) DNS
d) ARP
Answer: b
11. Fragmentation is done at:
a) Transport layer
b) Network layer
c) Data link
d) Session
Answer: b
12. IPv6 address size is:
a) 32-bit
b) 64-bit
c) 128-bit
d) 256-bit
Answer: c
13. Mobile IP is used for:
a) File transfer
b) Mobility support
c) DNS
d) Transport
Answer: b
14. Multicasting uses:
a) Broadcast address
b) Multicast group
c) Gateway address
d) Subnet mask
Answer: b
15. ICMP is used for:
a) Routing
b) Error reporting
c) Acknowledgements
d) Encryption
Answer: b
UNIT–IV
1. Transport layer provides communication between:
a) Nodes
b) Hosts
c) Processes
d) Networks
Answer: c
2. UDP is a ______ protocol.
a) Connection-oriented
b) Reliable
c) Connectionless
d) Flow controlled
Answer: c
3. Which protocol is used for real-time applications?
a) TCP
b) UDP
c) RTP
d) FTP
Answer: c
4. TCP provides:
a) Unreliable service
b) Reliable byte stream
c) Datagram service
d) No flow control
Answer: b
5. Connection establishment in TCP uses:
a) 2-way handshake
b) 3-way handshake
c) 4-way handshake
d) 5-way handshake
Answer: b
6. Sliding window is used for:
a) Encryption
b) Flow and error control
c) Addressing
d) Routing
Answer: b
7. Adaptive retransmission is based on:
a) RTT estimation
b) Payload size
c) Congestion
d) Port number
Answer: a
8. Which transport protocol does NOT guarantee delivery?
a) TCP
b) UDP
c) RTP
d) ICMP
Answer: b
9. TCP segment contains:
a) MAC address
b) Source port & destination port
c) IP address
d) URL
Answer: b
10. Crash recovery is a function of:
a) Physical layer
b) Data link
c) Transport layer
d) Application layer
Answer: c
11. RPC stands for:
a) Remote Packet Call
b) Remote Procedure Call
c) Repeated Packet Communication
d) Route Procedure Communication
Answer: b
12. UDP header size is:
a) 8 bytes
b) 20 bytes
c) 30 bytes
d) 60 bytes
Answer: a
13. TCP uses ______ for congestion control.
a) Token
b) Slow start
c) ALOHA
d) Polling
Answer: b
14. RTP is used over:
a) IP only
b) TCP
c) UDP
d) Ethernet
Answer: c
15. Flow control is used to prevent:
a) Congestion
b) Buffer overflow
c) Routing loops
d) Errors
Answer: b
UNIT–V
1. WWW stands for:
a) World Wide Web
b) Wide World Web
c) Web World Wide
d) World Web Wide
Answer: a
2. HTTP is a ______ protocol.
a) Transport
b) Application
c) Network
d) Data link
Answer: b
3. URL stands for:
a) Uniform Resource Locator
b) Universal Reference Link
c) Uniform Reference Locator
d) User Resource Link
Answer: a
4. HTTP uses ______ by default.
a) Port 20
b) Port 80
c) Port 21
d) Port 23
Answer: b
5. DNS translates:
a) IP to MAC
b) URL to IP
c) Data to frames
d) TCP to UDP
Answer: b
6. DNS uses which hierarchy?
a) Flat
b) Tree
c) Mesh
d) Bus
Answer: b
7. DNS records are known as:
a) Nodes
b) Blocks
c) Resource records
d) Buffers
Answer: c
8. Email user agent is:
a) Gmail app
b) Router
c) Switch
d) Browser
Answer: a
9. SMTP is used for:
a) Receiving mail
b) Sending mail
c) Forwarding mail only
d) Deleting mail
Answer: b
10. POP3 is used for:
a) Sending mail
b) Downloading mail
c) Routing
d) Encryption
Answer: b
11. HTTP message contains:
a) Header and body
b) Mac address
c) VLAN tag
d) ARP request
Answer: a
12. DNS server responsible for entire domain is:
a) Local server
b) Recursive server
c) Authoritative server
d) Relay server
Answer: c
13. Email architecture contains:
a) Browser only
b) User agent & message transfer agent
c) Switch & router
d) TCP & UDP
Answer: b
14. HTTP is a ______ protocol.
a) Stateless
b) Stateful
c) Connection-oriented
d) Reliable
Answer: a
15. Message formats for email follow:
a) RFC 232
b) RFC 2822
c) RFC 1024
d) RFC 394
Answer: b
