INDRAMANI SINGH
NAME: -__________________________
Niu-23-1485
PRF: -_______________________
SUBJECT: Cloud Computing
-________________________
1
ASSIGNMENT NO: - _______
Anjali
SUBMITTED TO: - __________________
SUMISSION DATE SIGNATURE
17-02-
__________________ ____________
2026
[Link] the evolution of cloud
computing?
Cloud computing did not appear suddenly; it developed gradually
through different stages of computing: -
• Mainframe Computing (1950s–1960s):
In this era, large and expensive mainframe computers were used by multiple users
through terminals. Users shared the same system, which introduced the concept of
resource sharing.
• Client-Server Computing (1980s–1990s):
This model allowed personal computers (clients) to connect to central
servers. The server handled data and processing, while clients
requested services, making computing more distributed.
• Grid Computing (1990s):
In grid computing, multiple computers were connected to work
together as a single system. It helped in solving complex scientific and
technical problems by sharing resources.
• Utility Computing (Early 2000s):
This model introduced the idea of providing computing resources like
electricity — users pay only for what they use. It laid the foundation for
cloud services.
• Cloud Computing (Present):
Today, cloud computing provides on-demand access to computing
resources over the internet. It offers scalability, flexibility, and cost-
effectiveness through platforms like AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google
Cloud.
2. Give an overview of cloud computing
Cloud computing is a modern technology that allows users to access
computing services such as storage, servers, databases, networking,
and software through the internet instead of relying on local systems.
It eliminates the need for physical hardware and allows users to store
data and run applications online. This makes it highly flexible and
convenient for both individuals and organizations.
Deployment Models:
Public Cloud: Services are provided over the internet, shared among multiple
users, and managed by a third-party provider for cost efficiency and scalability
Private Cloud: Dedicated to a single organization, offering higher security,
control, and customization for handling sensitive data.
Hybrid Cloud: A combination of public and private clouds, allowing flexible data
sharing and better balance between cost and security.
Service Models:
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Provides virtual machines, storage, and
networking with user control over OS and applications.
PaaS (Platform as a Service): Provides a development platform with tools and
environment to build and deploy applications easily.
SaaS (Software as a Service): Provides ready-to-use software over the
internet, accessible via browser without installation or maintenance.
3. Explain the key characteristics of cloud
computing?
1. On-Demand Self-Service
Users can access computing resources whenever needed without human
interaction.
Services like storage and processing power can be provisioned automatically.
This makes the system fast, convenient, and user-controlled.
2. Broad Network Access
Cloud services are available over the internet and can be accessed from
anywhere.
They support multiple devices such as smartphones, laptops, and tablets.
This ensures flexibility and easy access for users at any time.
3. Resource Pooling
Cloud providers share resources among multiple users using a multi-tenant model.
Resources are dynamically assigned and reassigned based on user demand.
This improves efficiency and reduces overall cost.
4. Rapid Elasticity
Resources can be quickly scaled up or down depending on workload requirements.
Users can handle sudden increases or decreases in demand easily.
This ensures better performance and optimal resource usage.
5. Measured Service
Cloud systems automatically monitor and control resource usage.
Users are charged only for what they use under the pay-as-you-go model.
This provides transparency and cost control.
4. Discuss major applications of cloud
computing
Cloud computing is widely used in various industries and applications:
• Data Storage and Backup
Cloud allows users to store large amounts of data securely and access it anytime. It also
provides backup and recovery options.
• Web Hosting
Websites and web applications are hosted on cloud servers, ensuring better
performance and availability.
• Software Development and Testing
Developers use cloud platforms to build, test, and deploy applications without needing
physical infrastructure.
• Big Data and Analytics
Cloud computing helps in processing and analyzing large datasets, which is useful for AI,
machine learning, and business insights.
• Online Streaming Services
Platforms like Netflix and YouTube use cloud infrastructure to deliver content to millions
of users worldwide.
• Business Applications
Applications like email services, CRM, and ERP systems are hosted on the cloud for
better efficiency.
• Education and E-Learning
Cloud enables online classes, virtual labs, and sharing of study materials, making
education more accessible.
5. Explain the benefits of cloud computing
cloud computing offers several advantages that make it popular:
1. Cost Efficiency
It reduces the need for expensive hardware and maintenance costs.
Users only pay for the resources they actually use.
This makes it affordable for individuals and businesses.
2. Scalability and Flexibility
Resources can be easily increased or decreased based on demand.
It supports business growth without major infrastructure changes.
This makes it suitable for both small and large organizations
3. Accessibility
Data and applications can be accessed from anywhere at any time.
Only an internet connection and a device are required.
This improves convenience and remote working capabilities.
4. Reliability and Availability
Cloud providers ensure high uptime and continuous service availability.
Data is regularly backed up to prevent loss.
This increases trust and dependability of systems.
5. Security
Advanced security features like encryption and firewalls are provided.
User authentication and access control help protect data.
This ensures data safety from unauthorized access.
