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DNA Transcription and Translation Overview

DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA, which carries the genetic code from the nucleus to ribosomes. During translation, transfer RNA matches its anticodons to the messenger RNA codons and brings the corresponding amino acids. The amino acids are linked together into a polypeptide chain according to the RNA template.

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Morounshayo Oshodi
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336 views1 page

DNA Transcription and Translation Overview

DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA, which carries the genetic code from the nucleus to ribosomes. During translation, transfer RNA matches its anticodons to the messenger RNA codons and brings the corresponding amino acids. The amino acids are linked together into a polypeptide chain according to the RNA template.

Uploaded by

Morounshayo Oshodi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DNA - transcription and translation for

protein synthesis.
Transcription
A section of DNA is unzipped by enzymes which acts as a template for copying
RNA nucleotides joined by enzymes; the order of which is determined by the order of bases
on the DNA template
When DNA has been copied it reforms and the messenger RNA can pass out of the cell
nucleus.
Messenger RNA differs from DNA as:
o it has a ribose sugar replacing the deoxyribose.
o The base uracil replaces thymine as the complementary base for adenine
o Exists as a single strand and so does not pair up.
o Carries a code (sequence of bases) which corresponds to particular amino acids. This
is a triplet code where 3 bases code for one amino acid. A group of bases is called a
codon. Code is degenerate 64 codes for around 20 amino acids and a number of
stop (UAA, UGA and UAG) and start codes (AUG). Which start and end the synthesis
of polypeptide chains.

Translation
Protein synthesis takes place in the ribosomes messenger RNA passes through it and amino
acids are coded from it. Messenger RNA provides a template for it.
Amino acids are then taken to the messenger RNA which are joined to small lengths of
transfer RNA. The code on the RNA that fits to the messenger RNA is called an anti-codon. It
is the complementary base sequence to the codon.
Example
Thus GCC on the messenger RNA codes for alanine so the tRNA attached has the anti-codon
CGG

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