Blyth Academy SPH4U - Grade 12 University Physics
Physics Formula Sheet
CONSTANTS
g
m
s
= 980
2
. G
N m
kg
= !
"
667 10
11
2
2
. e C = !
"
160 10
19
.
!
0
7
4 10 = "
#
T m
A
c
m
s
= ! 300 10
8
.
m kg
e
= !
"
911 10
31
. m kg
p
= !
"
167 10
27
.
Plancks Constant (h) 6.626 (10
-34
) Js
Rest mass of electron (m
e
) 9.11 (10
-31
) kg, 0.511 MeV/c!
Mass of Earth (M
E
) 5.98 (10
24
) kg
Radius of Earth (R
E
) 6.38 (10
6
) m
Mass of Sun 2 (10
30
) kg
Earth Sun distance 1.49 (10
7
) km
EQUATIONS
Kinematics
v
d
t
v v
av
= =
+ !
!
1 2
2
a
v v
t
av
=
!
2 1
"
v v a t
2 1
= + ! ! ! ! d v t a t = +
1
2
1
2
Dynamics
F ma
net
= F mg
g
= F
Gmm
d
g
=
1 2
2
!
F F
f N
= F kx =
a
v
r
c
=
2
F ma
mv
r
c c
= =
2
a
r
T
rf
c
= =
4
4
2
2
2 2
!
!
F
F
m
m
d
d
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
=
!
"
#
$
%
&
g
GM
R
=
2
v
GM
r
esc
=
2
r
T
GM
3
2 2
4
=
!
v
Gm
r
E 2
=
Energy, Momentum & Power
W F d = ! cos" E mgh
GMm
r
g
= = ! E mv
k
=
1
2
2
E F d
th f
= !
E kx
elastic
=
1
2
2
T
m
k
= 2! P
W
t
F d
t
Fv
av
= = =
!
!
!
k
N m
C
= !
9 00 10
9
2
2
.
!
!
d
v v t
=
+ ( )
1 2
2
! ! ! d v t a t = "
2
2
1
2
v v a d
2
2
1
2
2 = + !
Blyth Academy SPH4U - Grade 12 University Physics
p mv = p p =
'
J F t m v p = = = ! ! ! efficiency
W
W
output
input
= ! 100%
Electricity and Magnetism
F
kq q
d
e
=
1 2
2
!
! =
kq
r
2
E
kq q
r
electric
=
1 2
V
kq
r
= !
!
V
W
q
E
q
e
= = !
!
V
E
q
d
e
= =
0
" q Ne =
! =
"V
r
(parallel plates only) ! = ! q V mv mv "
1
2 2
2 1
2 1
2
F qvB = sin! F IlB = sin! B
I
r
=
!
0
2
B
NI
L
=
0
F
l
I I
d
o 2 1 2
2
=
!
Waves
f
N
t
=
!
T
f
=
1
v
T
f = =
!
! ! !
i r
=
sin
sin
!
!
"
"
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
= = =
v
v
n
n
sin ( )( ) !
"
n d
n = #
1
2
!x
L d
=
"
x
L
n
n
d
= ! ( )( )
1
2
"
PS PS n
1
2
1
2
! = ! ( )"
Matter-Energy Interface:
! =
Time dilation: "t = !"t
o
Length contraction: L = !
#1
L
o
Mass change: m = !m
o
Relativistic Velocity u
x
' =
Rest energy: E
o
= m
o
c
2
Total relativistic energy: E = mc
2
Relativistic KE: KE = Eo (! - 1)
Bohr atom: E
n
=
De Broglie wavelength: $ =
Photon energy: E = h f
Photon momentum: p = =
Photoelectric effect: E
k
= h f W
Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle: "x"p % !!
Radioctive decay: N = N
o
e
-
$
t
N = N
o
(!)
$ =
sin!
"
m
m
d
=
n
c
v
=
(1 ! )
!!
v!
c!
(1 ! )
uxv
c!
ux ! v
-13.6 eV
n!
h
mv
t
t
!
0.693
t
!
h
$
E
c
Blyth Academy SPH4U - Grade 12 University Physics
Important Mathematical Relationships for Physics
Trig Identities
sin cos
2 2
1 ! ! + = cos cos sin 2
2 2
! ! ! = " sin sin cos 2 2 ! ! ! =
Quadratic Formula Quadratic Equation
ax bx c
2
0 + + = x
b b ac
a
=
! !
2
4
2
sin" = a/c cos" = b/c tan" = a/b
Cosine Law: c
2
= a
2
+ b
2
- 2ab cos C
Sine Law:
a
A
b
B
c
C sin sin sin
= =
%error
actual measured
actual
x =
!
100%
a
b c
A
B C
c
!
b
a
