{"id":10887,"date":"2013-09-12T14:00:03","date_gmt":"2013-09-12T21:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/round-lake.dustinice.workers.dev:443\/http\/wordpress-139195-630641.cloudwaysapps.com\/?p=10887"},"modified":"2018-10-30T11:51:09","modified_gmt":"2018-10-30T16:51:09","slug":"assets-or-liabilities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/round-lake.dustinice.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.renewcanada.net\/assets-or-liabilities\/","title":{"rendered":"Assets or Liabilities?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a><\/div><\/div>

\"\"<\/a>As Canada remembers the De la Concorde overpass collapse in the Montreal suburb of Laval that happened seven years ago, the state of the country\u2019s bridges are reflecting the growing demand in engineering and municipal circles for national infrastructure planning.<\/p>\n

It was the early afternoon on September 30, 2006, when a section of the southbound lane collapsed onto Autoroute 19, crushing two vehicles underneath and killing five people. People in the vicinity reported that the overpass had been crumbling noticeably for weeks and that misalignments visible to the naked eye immediately preceded the tragedy. A couple of motorists even notified the authorities, but the provincial transportation ministry decided the bridge presented no immediate danger and a more formal inspection could wait until Monday morning.<\/p>\n

Following the collapse, the highway was closed for nearly a month. A provincial inquiry blamed multiple factors\u2014including shear failure in an abutment, the result of improperly placed structural steel that caused a horizontal plane to fracture over time\u2014and went so far as to decry low quality construction materials and unprofessional work on the overpass.<\/p>\n

Saeed Mirza, professor emeritus of civil engineering at McGill University, says all of Canada should follow the example the Quebec government has since taken, increasing budgetary allocations for infrastructure projects. This includes plans to spend more than $3 billion to rebuild the Turcot Exchange, which connects some of the city\u2019s main arteries yet is experiencing severe deterioration.<\/p>

\"\"<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n

He says Canada\u2019s bridges and overpasses vary considerably in age, condition, and other factors. In Montreal alone, the deck of the Jacques Cartier Bridge was recently renovated and is considered in good shape. Victoria Bridge received a dose of maintenance about 25 years ago and Mirza anticipates another 50 years or more of relatively trouble-free service. Yet, while the Champlain Bridge has undergone significant rehabilitation, it was built in the 1950s, when design standards did not consider earthquakes. \u201cThe St. Lawrence Valley is an earthquake region,\u201d Mirza says. \u201cIf there was a large one in Montreal today, depending on the direction the waves travelled and what kind of force was exerted on the different bridge components, it could cause part of it to topple.\u201d<\/p>\n

In terms of falling concrete, Toronto\u2019s Gardiner Expressway bears some resemblance to the Turcot Exchange. Paul Gauvreau, a professor of civil engineering at the University of Toronto, worked on a Gardiner rehabilitation team as a junior engineer in the 1980s and says that job\u2014to reduce the number of pathways for road salt to reach structural components underneath\u2014made sense. However, he adds that continued gradual deterioration leaves essentially two options: to rehabilitate or to replace the structure. Fixing the Gardiner would be cheaper in the short term and cause less traffic chaos than a rebuild, and thus be politically expedient, but the structure would likely continue to degrade at a faster pace than an entirely new one constructed with more modern materials.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf you were to tear down and rebuild it, you would probably get an extremely durable structure that would last for many years and require a fairly low investment in annual maintenance,\u201d Gauvreau says. \u201cBut tearing it down it would open up the debate as to what exactly we do with it.\u201d<\/p>\n

Gauvreau says he isn\u2019t privy to all the reports about the Gardiner\u2019s structural integrity, but from what he\u2019s read is inclined to believe serious problems are being addressed, though certain localized areas probably need attention. \u201cEvery bridge is different,\u201d Gauvreau explains. \u201cThere\u2019s usually one incident, one event, that will lead to the collapse of a bridge. But that event in itself is usually not sufficient to cause the collapse of a bridge. It\u2019s usually the result of the accumulation of a number of different factors.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nick Larson, a civil engineer with R.V. Anderson Associates in Toronto, says he considers Canada\u2019s bridges, generally, to be safe. \u201cI drive on the Gardiner every day and I\u2019m not afraid I\u2019m going to go through the deck,\u201d he says. \u201cPeople look at them, loads can be factored in, we design these things with degrees of safety, and they\u2019re inspected.\u201d He adds that factors beyond the bridge itself can potentially imperil even new structures\u2014say if a load that\u2019s too wide clips a beam. \u201cProper maintenance is a hallmark of asset management. If you have an asset, you should be spending the proper amount of money to maintain it over its life cycle. Quite often, budgets are trimmed, so there\u2019s likely to be bridges that are not being maintained sufficiently and are therefore reducing their useful life.\u201d<\/p>\n

While all infrastructure needs to be maintained, bridges and overpasses are in a class of their own because the consequences of failure can be catastrophic. \u201cLives are potentially at stake,\u201d says Larson, who chairs the infrastructure renewal committee of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. He explains that bridges don\u2019t fail terribly often, so statistical analysis cannot reliably predict future probabilities. \u201cExperts will do what they can to identify deficiencies and what can be done, but nobody wants to stick their neck out and say that a particular bridge will be fine for the next 10 years.\u201d<\/p>\n

There aren\u2019t any major bridges in Lachine, Quebec, but mayor Claude Dauphin recalls quite a scare when a concrete slab fell from the outer rim of Ville Marie Tunnel in 2011. \u201cThat\u2019s about 10 minutes from Lachine,\u201d says Dauphin, who is president of the Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM). \u201cWe were lucky it happened on a Sunday morning, so no one was hurt, but can you imagine if this had happened on a weekday morning?\u201d<\/p>\n

Last year, the FCM issued an infrastructure report card on Canada\u2019s roads and wastewater, drinking water, and stormwater systems. Dauphin says he expects bridges, public transit, and housing will be included in the next report card, slated for 2014. \u201cMore vigilance is needed by all levels of government,\u201d he says, adding that the federal government included a 10-year infrastructure program and an indexation of municipal gas tax revenues in its most recent budget, thus providing a measure of funding stability.<\/p>\n

What\u2019s ultimately needed, McGill\u2019s Mirza says, is a detailed \u201cintegrity audit\u201d listing structures that are aging or regularly used, and an over-arching policy for infrastructure based on economic, environmental, and social needs, as well as structural concerns. \u201cThat can only be done at the federal level, in consultation with other levels of government and stakeholders,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

Of course, it takes more than planning to ensure safety. As Quebec\u2019s Johnson Commission concluded in its inquiry, quality in construction, maintenance, and inspection is vital. And so Mirza calls for a heightened sense of responsibility for individual projects. \u201cWe need to design and build for the entire life cycle, keeping in mind the 75 or 100 years that a structure will be used and what its needs will be over that period and also at the end of its service life.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Saul Chernos is a Toronto-based writer specializing in environmental issues and a regular contributor to ReNew Canada.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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