Possibly. Albert Popwell appears in 4 out of 5 of the Dirty Harry films, each as a different character. In this film, Mustapha addresses Callahan by name, to which Callahan responds "Do I know you?". This may indicate that he was the bank robber Harry shot in 'Dirty Harry' and gave his famous 'Do you feel lucky?' speech to. On the other hand Harry isn't the kind of cop to forget a face, so it could be argued he definitely would have recognized Mustapha if he was indeed the Bank Robber he shot and apprehended.
It would also mean that he would have served less than 5 years for armed robbery and attempted murder of a police officer which is highly unlikely. However with the state of the justice system in Harry's world it's not unthinkable that he could be released.