C Program to Add Two Complex Numbers

Complex numbers are numbers that can be expressed in the form a + ib, where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit with a value of √-1.

• The real part is represented by a, while b represents the coefficient of the imaginary part.
• In this program, we add two complex numbers by separately adding their real and imaginary parts.

Illustration

Input:

a = 2 + 3i
b = 4 + 5i

Output:

Sum = 6 + 8i

Explanation:

(2 + 3i) + (4 + 5i)
= (2 + 4) + (3 + 5)i
= 6 + 8i

Approach

• Define a structure to store the real and imaginary parts of a complex number.
• Create a function that accepts two complex numbers and returns their sum.
• Add the real parts and imaginary parts separately.
• Print the resulting complex number.

Example: Program to Add Two Complex Numbers Using Structure and Function

#include <stdio.h>

typedef struct {
    int real;
    int img;
} Complex;

Complex add(Complex x, Complex y)
{
    Complex sum;

    sum.real = x.real + y.real;
    sum.img = x.img + y.img;

    return sum;
}

int main()
{
    Complex a = {2, 3};
    Complex b = {4, 5};

    Complex sum = add(a, b);

    printf("a = %d + %di\n", a.real, a.img);
    printf("b = %d + %di\n", b.real, b.img);
    printf("sum = %d + %di\n", sum.real, sum.img);

    return 0;
} 

a = 2 + 3i
b = 4 + 5i
sum = 6 + 8i

Explanation: The Complex structure stores the real and imaginary parts of each number. The add() function adds the corresponding parts of the two complex numbers and returns the resulting Complex structure.