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        <title>Frontiers in Microbiology | Terrestrial Microbiology section | New and Recent Articles</title>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/sections/terrestrial-microbiology</link>
        <description>RSS Feed for Terrestrial Microbiology section in the Frontiers in Microbiology journal | New and Recent Articles</description>
        <language>en-us</language>
        <generator>Frontiers Feed Generator,version:1</generator>
        <pubDate>2026-08-28T02:23:52.31+00:00</pubDate>
        <ttl>60</ttl>
        <item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1915701</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1915701</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Concomitant responses of free-living nitrogen fixation and diazotrophic community composition to soil moisture in two soils]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Qian Zhao</author><author>Qingqing He</author><author>Jipeng Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Free-living nitrogen fixation (FLNF) in soil is an important but still poorly constrained source of nitrogen input to terrestrial ecosystems. Although moisture is widely recognized as a major driver of soil FLNF, mechanisms underlying the moisture-related variation in FLNF remain unclear. Here, we investigated the responses of soil FLNF to a controlled moisture gradient ranging from 20 to 100% of water holding capacity (WHC) in a cropland soil and a forest soil. Our results showed that potential FLNF rates increased non-linearly with increasing soil moisture, rising by more than two orders of magnitude at 60% (cropland soil) and 80% (forest soil) WHC relative to drier treatments. In contrast to FLNF, soil respiration declined at the wetter end of the gradient, a pattern consistent with increasing aeration constraints. Together, the divergent moisture dependences of FLNF and respiration support the hypothesis that reduced oxygen inhibition on nitrogenase may have contributed to the high FLNF under wet conditions. Furthermore, moisture-related changes in FLNF coincided with shifts in both total (DNA-based) and active (RNA-based) diazotrophic community composition. In particular, Azotobacter (cropland soil) and Paenibacillus (forest soil) increased in relative abundance and activity under wetter conditions and were positively associated with FLNF rates, indicating that changes in these taxa may be linked to the moisture-related variation in FLNF. Overall, our study reveals pronounced moisture sensitivity of potential FLNF under controlled conditions and highlights soil aeration and diazotrophic community composition as testable mechanisms. Further validation across soils and sites under field conditions is needed before these findings can be extrapolated to ecosystem-scale nitrogen fixation or biofertilizer applications.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1918463</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1918463</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Biodegradable mulch films promote sugarcane growth by regulating rhizosphere microbial communities and predicted nutrient cycling-related functional potentials]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Qianyuan Duan</author><author>Qiang Liu</author><author>Xinping Mao</author><author>Zhaonian Yuan</author><author>Ziqin Pang</author><author>Yufang Shen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionConventional polyethylene (PE) mulch causes persistent soil plastic pollution; biodegradable mulch films (BMFs) may avoid this, but their effects on sugarcane rhizosphere microbes and yield are unclear.MethodsUsing a field trial in Yunnan, we compared polyethylene mulch (PM) with two PBAT/PLA-based biodegradable mulch films (BMFs) differing in thickness (Thick Film, BTK, 0.008 mm; Thin Film, BTH, 0.005 mm). Rhizosphere soil (0–40 cm) physicochemical properties, bacterial (16S) and fungal (18S) communities, predicted microbial functional potentials, and sugarcane agronomic traits were analyzed.ResultsBMFs degradation released organic carbon that significantly altered the rhizosphere microenvironment, increasing soil pH, organic matter, and available potassium relative to PM. These physicochemical changes drove microbial community differentiation. Compared with PM, BMFs increased the relative abundances of Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Basidiomycota, while decreasing Actinobacteria and Ascomycota (p < 0.05). BMFs also enhanced microbial α-diversity, with bacterial diversity being higher under BTK and fungal diversity under BTH. Neutral model analysis revealed that bacterial community assembly was dominated by stochastic processes; however, BMFs reduced dispersal limitation and strengthened deterministic environmental filtering, particularly under the BTH treatment, due to enhanced microhabitat heterogeneity from faster degradation. These community shifts were associated with enriched predicted sulfur (dsrAB) and nitrogen (nosZ, nif) cycling genes and more complex, cooperative bacterial–fungal interaction networks, with BTH exhibiting higher network complexity and positive interactions. These microbial responses were associated with improved sugarcane performance. Compared with PM, BMFs increased single stalk weight by 8.76%−11.68%, millable stalk number by 4.99%−7.38%, and cane yield by 17.11%−17.40%.DiscussionCollectively, our results demonstrate that BMFs, through degradation-driven microhabitat alteration, strengthen deterministic assembly, promote functionally specialized taxa and cooperative networks, and enhance predicted nutrient cycling potentials, thereby improving sugarcane productivity and offering a sustainable alternative to PE mulch.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1841614</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1841614</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Unveiling diverse interactions between soil microbiota and host plants for sustainable agriculture: current limitations and prospects]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Review</category>
        <author>Moazma Batool</author><author>Sadam Hussain</author><author>Abdul Ghaffar Shar</author><author>Hafeez ur Rehman</author><author>Ejaz Ahmad Waraich</author><author>Arslan Haidar</author><author>Usman Zulfiqar</author><author>Ruixin Shao</author><author>Jwaher Salem Khamis Alghafri</author><author>Mayank Anand Gururani</author>
        <description><![CDATA[The intricate relationship between soil microbiota and host plants plays a pivotal role in maintaining soil health and sustaining agricultural productivity. In this review, we examined current knowledge of these interactions, highlighting both their significance and the limitations in existing research. Although substantial progress has been made in elucidating the roles of diverse microbial communities in nutrient cycling, plant growth promotion, and disease suppression, several challenges remain. These include the complexity and diversity of microbial communities, as well as the dynamic nature of soil–plant interactions under varying environmental conditions. Furthermore, there is a need for greater integration of interdisciplinary approaches, encompassing molecular biology, microbiology, ecology, and agronomy, to effectively address these challenges. In this context, this study proposes future research directions aimed at advancing our understanding of soil microbiota-plant interactions and their implications for sustainable agriculture. These include the development and application of advanced omics techniques, such as metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, to comprehensively characterize microbial communities and their functional attributes. Furthermore, harnessing the potential of microbial inoculants and biofertilizers tailored to specific crops, soils, and environmental conditions represents a promising strategy for improving soil health, enhancing nutrient use efficiency, and ensuring sustainable crop production. Overall, addressing these research gaps and leveraging emerging technologies will deepen our understanding of soil microbiota-plant interactions and facilitate the development of innovative, science-based strategies to promote resilient and sustainable agricultural systems.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1915742</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1915742</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Microbial rhizosphere and topsoil communities in young reforestation plantations]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-26T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jenny Vivian</author><author>Alison Shapcott</author><author>Robin L. Chazdon</author><author>David J. Lee</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Relationships between microbial communities of the rhizosphere and plants can affect the successful establishment of plantations and their modification for forest restoration efforts. Recognising these fungal and bacterial assemblages is important for Acacia mangium plantations, as they are widely established in reforestation programs across the tropics. However, the microbial community associated with the rhizosphere of A. mangium and of plants often thriving within or in the proximity of A. mangium plantations is understudied. We hypothesise that microbial assemblages of the topsoil, hosted in the rhizosphere of the planted species and of the co-dominant plant species in the landscape, may differ. In the examined 2-year-old plantation, the plant community is dominated by the eudicotyledonous A. mangium and by monocotyledonous species (Cocos nucifera, Imperata cylindrica, and Saccharum spp.), whereas in the 10-year-old plantation, eudicotyledonous trees (Swietenia macrophylla, and Pterocarpus indicus) dominate the area. Given the diverse abundance of plants of different phylogenetic traits, we hypothesised a difference in the topsoil microbial community based between these two evolutionarily distinct Angiosperm lineages. Through high-throughput sequencing, we identified the taxonomic and putative functional traits of fungal and bacterial taxa in the rhizospheres of the cultivated and co-dominant plant species. Disproving our hypothesis, we found comparable taxonomic and functional community composition of fungi and bacteria among the rhizospheres tested and between these and the topsoil of the same plantation, without significant differences among mono- and eudicotyledonous species. Still, C. nucifera seemed to display a markedly unique rhizosphere community, and ectomycorrhizal fungi were abundant in the 2- and 10-year-old A. mangium plantings. Results support the role of topsoil as a reservoir for the microbial community, on which plants act by filtering the taxa hosted in their rhizosphere. In our context, a non-significant difference in the microbial composition may have reflected comparable ecological adaptations and needs, but further research is suggested, given the small sample size of this study. Our research provides insights into the microbial assemblages of the rhizospheres and topsoil of A. mangium plantations in a region of the Philippines, helping to disentangle the relationship between the soil microorganisms and plant rhizospheres during forest restoration.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1923567</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1923567</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Metagenomic sequencing reveals structural and functional differentiation of the rhizosphere bacterial communities associated with available potassium in Atractylodes lancea affected with root rot]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Li Li</author><author>Ruibo Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundAtractylodes lancea is an economically valuable medicinal herb indigenous to China, and its yield and quality are severely threatened by root rot disease. The rhizosphere microenvironment plays a critical role in plant health. Yet, its relationship with root rot in A. lancea is poorly understood.MethodsThis gap was addressed by collecting rhizosphere soils from healthy A. lancea plants and those infected with root rot. The physicochemical properties of the soil were determined, and metagenomic sequencing was performed to determine differences in the diversity, structure, composition, and functional characteristics of the rhizosphere bacterial communities between the two groups.ResultsCompared with healthy plants, the contents of total nitrogen, total potassium, and available potassium in the rhizosphere soil of diseased plants increased significantly, by 8.11, 3.42, and 38.66%, respectively. Concurrently, the bacterial community diversity increased significantly, and the community structure exhibited an obvious separating trend between the two groups, with a marginally non-significant difference (P = 0.098). Pseudomonadota, Streptomyces, and Trinickia were relatively more abundant in the healthy group, while Acidobacteriota, Cyanobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, Gemmatimonas, and Sphingomicrobium were significantly enriched in the diseased group according to independent samples Student's t-tests (P < 0.05). LEfSe analysis (LDA score > 4) revealed that all the differential genera in the healthy group belonged to the Burkholderiaceae family within Pseudomonadota. Functional prediction demonstrated that rhizosphere bacteria of healthy plants were predominantly enriched for genes involved in ABC transporter pathways, whereas diseased samples were enriched for secondary metabolite biosynthesis alongside significantly elevated abundance of auxiliary oxidoreductase genes. The abundance of auxiliary oxidoreductase genes was also significantly higher in the diseased group. Redundancy and correlation analyses showed that available potassium was strongly correlated with the divergence in the composition and function of the rhizosphere bacterial community.ConclusionsThis study revealed that the occurrence of root rot was associated with imbalanced physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil, shifts in bacterial community composition and structure, and alterations in metabolic functions of A. lancea. These findings elucidate rhizosphere responses linked to root rot and inform the sustainable cultivation of A. lancea.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1850863</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1850863</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Bacillus subtilis isolated from medicinal plants rhizosphere effectively controls Cercospora leaf spot and improves plant growth in mung bean (Vigna radiata)]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-19T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Misbah ul Ain</author><author>Akhtar Hameed</author><author>Saima Muzammil</author><author>Tsanko Gechev</author><author>Muhammad Faisal</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundMung bean is an important leguminous crop, which is reported to face devastating yield losses of up to 70% due to Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) disease. Traditional methods, such as the application of agrochemicals and fungicides, have been used to control CLS, but their intensive use has toxic effects on edible crops.MethodsTo find out a sustainable alternative, this study characterizes a strain, Bacillus subtilis Medicinal_04, isolated from Cannabis sativa rhizosphere and explores its role as an eco-friendly biofungicide and biostimulant. The species level identification of the isolate was confirmed by Average Nucleotide Identity (ANIb) and a digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH). The antagonistic efficacy of B. subtilis Medicinal_04 against Cercospora canescens was evaluated in vitro as well as in planta assays.ResultsANIb of 97.80% and a dDDH score of 85.90% against the reference B. subtilis str. 168. confirmed this isolate as B. subtilis. The in-vitro results showed that B. subtilis robustly inhibited C. canescens growth by 81.5%, strongly correlated with positive chitinolytic activity and a diverse genomic array of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. The in planta results demonstrated that B. subtilis seed priming reduced disease incidence by 80 and 71.4%, while foliar application resulted in reductions of 90 and 85.7% for NM-51 and NM-20-21 varieties, respectively. Furthermore, fungicide application successfully reduced disease, however it caused noticeable phytotoxic reductions in root-shoot architecture and chlorophyll content. In contrast, biological interventions completely bypassed these trade-offs as B. subtilis application displayed improved root-shoot length, pod number, and chlorophyll content, while simultaneously enhancing antioxidative enzyme activities (SOD, POD, and CAT) and PR-1 gene expression.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that B. subtilis Medicinal_04 has the potential to serve as a multifunctional biocontrol agent and is capable of securing high-level disease suppression and optimizing plant productivity, offering a valuable toolkit for climate-smart, sustainable agriculture.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1869726</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1869726</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Biochemical fulvic acid mediates nutrients and microbial community structure in different textured sodic saline-alkali soils]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-18T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yan Sun</author><author>Bingbing Wu</author><author>Bowei Ren</author>
        <description><![CDATA[BackgroundSodic saline-alkali soils restrict agricultural productivity by limiting nutrient availability and disrupting microbial communities, yet their responses to biochemical fulvic acid (BFA) across sodic saline-alkali soils with different textures remain unclear.MethodsA 45-day controlled incubation experiment was conducted using sandy loam and loamy sand amended with BFA at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 g kg−2.ResultsResponses to BFA differed between the two soils with different textures and among application rates and were most pronounced during the early incubation period. In sandy loam, 2 g·kg−1 BFA increased ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen by 68% and 53%, respectively, on day 15 relative to the control. In loamy sand, 1 g·kg−1 BFA increased nitrate nitrogen by 92% on day 15 and ammonium nitrogen by 70% on day 30. Sequencing analysis of soil samples collected on day 45 revealed distinct microbial community responses to 2 g·kg−1 BFA in sandy loam and 1 g·kg−1 BFA in loamy sand.ResultsWithin the conditions of this trial, the optimum application rates were 2 g·kg−1 in sandy loam and 1 g·kg−1 in loamy sand, corresponding to the most remarkable responses.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1889648</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1889648</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Multigene phylogeny and taxonomy of Hydnaceae (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) reveal Leucopruina abieticola gen. et sp. nov. from Southwest China]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-14T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Zhan-Bo Liu</author><author>Jian-Ling Zhang</author><author>Ren-Jin Chen</author><author>Ke-Ni Meng</author><author>Ying-Ge Fan</author><author>Han Liu</author><author>Guang-Peng Weng</author><author>Xiao-Bin Liu</author><author>Jing-Xuan Xu</author><author>Yu-Tong Zhang</author><author>Qing-Chao Zeng</author><author>Han Zhao</author><author>Shu-Jiang Li</author>
        <description><![CDATA[During a survey of wood-decaying fungi in the subalpine forests of Southwest China, distinctive corticioid specimens were collected from fallen Abies trunks. Based on a combination of morphological characteristics and multigene phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear large subunit (nLSU) sequences, these specimens were found to represent a highly distinct and strongly supported monophyletic lineage within the family Hydnaceae (Order: Cantharellales; Division: Basidiomycota). Consequently, a new genus, Leucopruina gen. nov., is proposed to accommodate the novel species L. abieticola sp. nov. Morphologically, the new species is characterized by its white, pruinose, resupinate basidiomata and a dimitic hyphal system with branched skeletal hyphae. Although it shares urniform basidia bearing 6–8 sterigmata with Sistotremella, Leucopruina is clearly distinguished by its thin-walled, acyanophilous (CB–) basidiospores, in contrast to the thick-walled, cyanophilous (CB+) spores of Sistotremella. This discovery increases the number of recognized genera within Hydnaceae to 19 and highlights the rich but previously underestimated taxonomic diversity of saprotrophic fungi in the high-altitude ecosystems of Southwest China.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1858111</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1858111</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Straw return and organic fertilization promote soil organic carbon sequestration through microbes]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-13T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Mini Review</category>
        <author>Yu Yu</author><author>Xueqing Deng</author><author>Fuwei Wang</author><author>Suzhi Xing</author><author>Jianfei Wang</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Soil organic carbon (C) is a critical component of terrestrial ecosystem C pools, playing a vital role in maintaining soil fertility, supporting sustainable agricultural development, and mitigating global climate change. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the pathways and effects of straw return and organic fertilizer application on soil C sequestration is essential. Straw return introduces exogenous C inputs that stimulate microbial activity and promote the formation of stable organic C fractions, although its decomposition is initially constrained by nitrogen (N) limitation. In contrast, organic fertilizer provides readily available stable C sources and essential nutrients, thereby enhancing soil aggregation and C stabilization. The combined application of straw return and organic fertilizer produces significant synergistic effects on soil C sequestration. Organic fertilizer alleviates microbial N deficiency caused by the high C to N ratio (C/N) of straw, facilitating more efficient straw decomposition and nutrient release. Simultaneously, it improves the functional structure of soil microbial communities, promoting the formation of mineral-associated organic C and strengthening aggregate-protected C pools. This integrated management strategy enhances short-term nutrient cycling while contributing to long-term C sequestration, offering substantial potential for advancing sustainable agriculture and climate change mitigation. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for addressing the microbial mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of straw returning to the soil and organic fertilizer application.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1880144</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1880144</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effect of intercropping medicinal herbs in Pinus elliottii plantation on soil properties and microbial community characteristics]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-12T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Shutong Sang</author><author>Wei Huang</author><author>Wendi Lan</author><author>Kaitai Yang</author><author>Baoling Chen</author><author>Suzhen Liu</author><author>Jun Liu</author><author>Dongxue Zhang</author><author>Fengqing Li</author><author>Xingliang Chen</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Pinus elliottii is an important afforestation species in the hilly regions of southern China, but long-term monoculture may lead to soil nutrient depletion and microbial community imbalance.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of different understory medicinal plant intercropping patterns on soil properties, enzyme activities, and soil microbial communities in P. elliottii plantations, and to identify suitable intercropping patterns for forest-medicinal plant compound management.MethodThree intercropping patterns were tested: P. elliottii-Ficus simplicissima-Spatholobus suberectus (PHS), P. elliottii-Alpinia oxyphylla-S. suberectus (PAS), P. elliottii-Alpinia hainanensis-S. suberectus (PSA), with a pure P. elliottii forest serving as control (CK). Soil nutrient dynamics and enzyme activities were determined, and soil microbial communities were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing.ResultUnder the same intercropping pattern, soil nutrients in the 0–20 cm layer were higher than those in the 20–40 cm layer. In the 0–20 cm layer, all three intercropping patterns significantly reduced amylase activity compared to CK (P < 0.05). In the PAS pattern, acid phosphatase, neutral protease, and urease activities were significantly enhanced, with urease activity significantly higher in 0–20 cm than in the 20–40 cm layer. High-throughput sequencing revealed interactions among intercropping patterns, soil properties, and microbial communities. Intercropping significantly affected the structure, composition, and diversity of both soil bacterial and fungal communities. PSA showed pronounced effects on soil nutrient status and exhibited the highest bacterial and fungal ASV richness. Redundancy analysis (RDA) identified organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) as key drivers of microbial variation. Random forest and LEfSe analyses further identified key taxa, such as Acidibacillus and Thermosporothrix, as significantly associated with the intercropping effects. Functional prediction suggested that microorganisms may improve soil quality by regulating gene responses in “Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides” and “Urea Cycle” pathways, as well as by secreting enzymes such as ferredoxin hydrogenase and β-mannosidase.ConclusionForest-medicinal plant intercropping improved soil quality and reshaped microbial communities in P. elliottii plantations. The PSA pattern showed the greatest potential for enhancing soil microecological functions and may serve as a suitable intercropping model for sustainable plantation management.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1731684</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1731684</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Unveiling the bacterial community structure and soil properties in bulk and rhizospheric compartments of Tamarix gallica from an arid Algerian saline ecosystem]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-10T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Hanaa Abdelbari</author><author>Natalia Rodríguez-Berbel</author><author>Raúl Ortega</author><author>Isabel Miralles</author><author>Yassine Moustafa Mahdad</author><author>Semir Bechir Suheil Gaouar</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Soil salinization is among the most critical threats to agriculture and food security, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Despite their ecological and agricultural significance, the microbial processes in saline soils of arid regions remain poorly characterized. This first 16S rRNA amplicon-based study of Algerian saline soils examines bacterial communities and physico-chemical properties in the Naama salt flat, focusing on both bulk and rhizosphere soils associated with Tamarix gallica L. Bacterial diversity and community composition were analyzed through high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform, and soil parameters, including salinity, nutrients, organic carbon, and water retention were measured. Sequence data were processed with QIIME2, and multivariate analyses were applied to compare soil types and explore correlations between taxa and soil properties. Rhizosphere soils tended towards higher Na+, K+, and Ca2+ levels, whereas bulk soils showed greater phosphorus availability. Bacterial diversity was lower in the rhizosphere, which was characterized by a distinct taxonomic composition, including taxa such as Promicromonospora and Nocardioides potentially involved in nutrient cycling and stress adaptation. Correlation analyses revealed microbial adaptations to salinity and nutrient availability. This study lays the groundwork for developing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria aiming to combat land degradation and contribute to long-term food security and environmental resilience in arid regions.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1845000</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1845000</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Cadmium tolerance and taxonomic diversity of cultivable bacteria isolated from Inga sp. nodules, Quararibea sp. roots and rhizosphere soil in cocoa agroforestry systems of the Peruvian Amazon]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-07T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Jessenia Shirley Ramos Armaulia</author><author>Santos Triunfo Leiva Espinoza</author><author>Segundo Manuel Oliva Cruz</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Cadmium (Cd) contamination in the Peruvian Amazon cocoa soils threatens production sustainability and international market access. This study characterized the taxonomic and genomic diversity of bacteria isolated from Inga sp. nodules, Quararibea sp. roots, and rhizosphere soil in cocoa agroforestry systems in Bagua, Amazonas, Peru (1.02–3.54 mg Cd kg−1), and evaluated the Cd tolerance phenotypes in vitro. From 93 initial isolates, 53 grew under cadmium screening; 23 were selected for Sanger sequencing, yielding 12 high-quality 16S rRNA sequences suitable for downstream phylogenetic analysis (GenBank: PZ012327–PZ012338). These strains were identified via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and BOX-PCR fingerprinting, revealing distribution across three bacterial phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria) and five classes. Notably, no rhizobia sensu stricto were recovered from Inga sp. nodules; all nodule-derived isolates were non-rhizobial endophytes (NREs) belonging to Achromobacter, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Priestia, and Glutamicibacter. BOX-PCR identified 12 unique genotypes (Shannon H′ = 2.485) distributed in four genomic clusters unrelated to phylogenetic affiliation. The Cd tolerance (25–200 ppm) was assessed via OD₆₀₀ in TY medium. Tolerance indices (0.190–0.643) classified strains into quartiles: highly tolerant (n = 3), tolerant (n = 3), sensitive (n = 3), and highly sensitive (n = 3). JSRA_S05 (K. variicola) showed clear hormesis (TI = 1.235 at 25 ppm), whereas JSRA_S08 (Glutamicibacter sp.) exhibited a possible hormetic tendency (TI = 1.012 at 50 ppm). IC₅₀ values (0.18–719.7 ppm) showed low correlation with TI (ρ < 0.1), indicating complementary dimensions of tolerance. Tolerance was strain-specific, as evidenced by opposite responses of two K. variicola strains (highly tolerant JSRA_S05 versus highly sensitive JSRA_N14). Strains associated with Quararibea sp. were consistently among the most tolerant. Three strains (JSRA_S05, JSRA_S08, and JSRA_R15), combining high physiological tolerance with taxonomic and source diversity, are proposed as priority candidates for functional evaluation in biosorption, bioaccumulation, and plant-inoculation assays. These culture-dependent findings indicate that, under the cultivation conditions employed, the cultivable bacterial fraction recovered from Cd-impacted Inga sp. nodules in Amazonian cocoa agroecosystems is dominated by non-rhizobial endophytes, representing a promising biological resource for further bioremediation studies. Whether classical rhizobia are truly absent or simply not retrieved under these conditions requires culture-independent confirmation.]]></description>
      </item><item>
        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1892064</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1892064</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Application of glyphosate or paraquat before the emergence of maize plants (Zea mays L.) had no detectable effect on the rhizosphere or endophyte bacterial community structure under the tested field conditions]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Claudia E. Aceves-Suriano</author><author>Ana Lilia Toriz-Nava</author><author>Simon Fonteyne</author><author>Nele Verhulst</author><author>Bram Govaerts</author><author>Gabriela Medina-Pérez</author><author>Marco L. Luna-Guido</author><author>Yendi E. Navarro-Noya</author><author>Jesús Bernardino Velázquez-Fernández</author><author>Luc Dendooven</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Herbicides are applied in agricultural practices to manage weeds. How these herbicides applied before maize emergence (Zea mays L.) might affect the rhizosphere and endophytic bacterial community is still largely unknown. In this study, plots were treated with 400 g paraquat ha−1 (Gramoxone®, paraquat ion 20% w/w), 1,089 g glyphosate ha−1 (Faena®, potassium salt of glyphosate 446 g/L) or weeds were hand removed before maize emerged and the bacterial community was determined in the bulk soil at the start of the experiment, in the bulk soil, rhizosphere, roots and stem at flowering (after 101 days), in the rhizosphere, roots, stem and grains at flowering (after 166 days) and in harvested grains dried for 24 days. Application of paraquat or glyphosate had no significant effect on the bacterial community structures and its putative metabolic functions compared to those in the manual weed-removed control plots. Haliangium_463188 was enriched in soil when glyphosate was applied and Flavobacterium in plots treated with paraquat. The bacterial community and its metabolic functions was different between the bulk soil, rhizosphere, root and stem, while it was similar in the stem and grains. Two phylotypes, i.e., an unidentified Alphaproteobacteria and uncultured member of the Marinilabiliaceae (JC017), dominated in the stem and grains of the maize plants (relative abundance > 95%). Many putative biosynthesis pathways were strongly enriched in the maize stem compared to the roots. It was found that application of glyphosate or paraquat before maize emergence had no significant effect on the soil, rhizosphere, root, stem or grain bacterial community structure. However, there was a clear change in the bacterial community from the rhizosphere to the roots, stem and grains of the maize plants and an unidentified Alphaproteobacteria and uncultured member of the Marinilabiliaceae, i.e., JC017, became highly dominant.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1896384</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1896384</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Vertical differentiation of soil properties and microbial communities in long-term Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla plantations: surface diversity recovery does not offset deep-layer functional degradation]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-05T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Zongsheng Yuan</author><author>Sifan Wang</author><author>Youxian Chen</author><author>Xun Dong</author><author>Fang Liu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[AimsLong-term Eucalyptus cultivation causes soil degradation, yet the vertical stratification of soil physicochemical properties and its impact on the vertical succession of microbial communities remain poorly understood. This study aimed to clarify the effects of long-term Eucalyptus planting on the vertical succession of soil properties and microbial communities.MethodsThis study investigated first-rotation (5-year, E1) and third-rotation (21-year, E3) E. grandis × urophylla plantations, with mixed Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana forest serving as the control (CK). Soil samples from 0 to 20 cm, 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm layers were collected to explore vertical variations in soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial communities.ResultsTotal potassium (TK) content was significantly higher in the third-rotation plantation (E3) than in the control (CK), and increased with soil depth across all plantation types. Available phosphorus and organic carbon first rose briefly then declined overall, and both decreased with soil depth. Urease, acid phosphatase and sucrase activities declined obviously with stand aging and increasing soil depth. Bacterial α-diversity declined initially, then recovered and reached its peak in the E3 topsoil. Microbial community structure changed greatly; dominant microbes showed distinct age- and depth-dependent distribution patterns. Plantation age positively affected soil pH and total potassium but negatively reduced aggregate stability.ConclusionSuccessive Eucalyptus planting altered soil physicochemical and enzymatic profiles, and reshaped the vertical microbial community structure.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1909648</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1909648</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Long-term combined organic and inorganic fertilization enhances soil quality and crop yield by regulating bacterial diversity and soil physicochemical properties]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-08-03T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Wenbo Mi</author><author>Jianjun Zhang</author><author>Shuying Wang</author><author>Tinglu Fan</author><author>Gang Zhao</author><author>Yi Dang</author><author>Lei Wang</author><author>Gang Zhou</author><author>Xujiao Zhou</author><author>Jingyu Hu</author><author>Shangzhong Li</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionSoil microorganisms are widely recognized as a key indicator of soil quality. However, how the application of organic fertilizers drives soil quality and crop yield through microbial pathways is still unclear.MethodsA long-term field experiment conducted on the Loess Plateau evaluated the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil properties, microbial communities, and crop yields. The treatment groups included no fertilization (CK), inorganic nitrogen (N), inorganic phosphorus (P), organic fertilizer alone (M), nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer (NP), and a combination of organic fertilizer and nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer (MNP).ResultsBoth MNP and M treatments significantly increased the soil quality index (SQI) and grain yield, with the MNP treatment showing a more pronounced effect than the M treatment. SOC and TN were identified as the main factors influencing SQI. Compared with CK, the MNP treatment increased wheat and maize yields by 208.04 and 103.19%, respectively. Under the MNP treatment, the relative abundance of dominant bacterial phyla and genera increased, among which the increases in Pseudomonadota and Chthoniobacter were significantly correlated with soil properties. Furthermore, the MNP treatment also led to an increase in bacterial alpha diversity. Regression analysis indicated that bacterial alpha diversity was positively correlated with the contents of SOC, TN, MBN, MBC, and NH₄+-N, but negatively correlated with soil pH. Both bacterial community composition and diversity positively contributed positively to SQI. The main factors driving the increase in bacterial alpha diversity included pH, WFPS, NO₃−-N, Olsen-P, and NH₄+-N.DiscussionIn conclusion, the long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can improve soil quality, enhance bacterial diversity, and maintain crop yields.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1856023</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1856023</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Leveraging soil microbiome diversity for the management of highly virulent Fusarium wilt (FOV4) in cotton]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-31T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Ilham Laadsi</author><author>Mostafa Abdelrahman</author><author>Mauricio Ulloa</author><author>Mohamed Fokar</author><author>Timothy O. Jobe</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionCotton (Gossypium spp.) is a globally important crop increasingly threatened by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 (FOV4), a soil-borne pathogen responsible for Fusarium wilt. FOV4 has negatively affected cotton production in California and was confirmed in the far west Texas region of El Paso, TX in 2017, where it has caused similar disruptions. Thus, there is an urgent need for improved disease management and the development of resistant commercial cotton cultivars to maintain agricultural productivity.MethodsTo understand the relationships among soil properties, fungal communities, and disease incidence, we examined the elemental composition and fungal microbiome of five cotton fields in the lower valley of El Paso, Texas region, having varying levels of Fusarium wilt incidence. Comparisons between high Fusarium wilt incidence fields (F1, F2, and F5) and low Fusarium wilt incidence fields (F3 and F4) were performed. Metabarcoding analyses identified marked differences in fungal community composition and diversity between the fields.ResultsAlpha diversity metrics indicated higher fungal diversity and evenness in the low Fusarium wilt incidence field F4, suggesting that high fungal diversity contributes to decreased disease incidence. In contrast, high Fusarium wilt incidence fields (F1, F2, and F5) exhibited lower diversity, indicative of a less resilient fungal ecosystem. Beta diversity analyses further confirmed the distinct fungal community composition between soils with contrasting Fusarium wilt incidence. Taxonomic profiling showed that the low Fusarium wilt incidence field F4 harbored beneficial fungal taxa, including Actinomucor, Fusarium (potentially non-pathogenic species), Penicillium, Preussia, and Pseudeurotium, generally recognized for their contributions to soil health and potential to suppress pathogenic organisms. In contrast, the high Fusarium wilt incidence fields were dominated by genera associated with plant pathogenicity, such as Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Stachybotrys, contributing to the higher disease prevalence observed.DiscussionThese findings underscore the crucial role of fungal diversity and soil chemical composition in influencing the incidence of Fusarium wilt in cotton. Soils with low Fusarium wilt incidence, characterized by diverse and complex fungal communities, may suppress the establishment and proliferation of pathogens. Our results provide insights for developing targeted soil management practices and enhancing cotton resilience, essential for developing sustainable disease management strategies and breeding resistant cultivars.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1913855</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1913855</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Wheat native endophytic bacteria isolated from Mediterranean and Atlantic agroecosystems: identification, functional profiling and seedling bioassays]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Adriano B. Bingobingo</author><author>Sandra Hilário</author><author>Nuno Mariz-Ponte</author><author>Natasha Ortolan</author><author>Tânia R. Fernandes</author><author>Susana M. P. Carvalho</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivation is increasingly challenged by climate change, scarcity of natural resources and dependence on synthetic fertilizers. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) represent a promising, sustainable approach to increase crop resilience and enhance resource-use efficiency. However, most studies have primarily focused on PGPB isolated from specific geographical regions and predominantly from the rhizosphere, thereby limiting the exploration of microbial diversity that may harbor novel strains with distinct functional traits and enhanced biostimulant potential. Thus, this study explored wheat-native endophytic bacteria isolated across different agroecosystems in the Mediterranean and Atlantic region, integrating taxonomy, broad multi-trait assessment for functional profiling and seedling bioassays to explore PGPBs with potential for improvement of wheat resilience. A total of 181 isolates belonged to the families Pseudomonadaceae, Bacillaceae and Paenibacillaceae, from which 66 representatives were selected for downstream analysis. Most isolates exhibited relevant plant growth-promoting traits, including indole compounds production (95.5%), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity (100%), siderophore production (100%), and phosphate solubilization (62%). In addition, many isolates demonstrated tolerance to salinity and PEG-induced osmotic stress. Interestingly, substantial variability was observed among strains in the magnitude of these functional traits. Several isolates significantly enhanced wheat germination and early seedling growth, with Pseudomonas tritici (B254) increasing total biomass by 35.2%. In contrast, Bacillus pumilus (B393) and Pseudomonas sp. (B451) showed inhibitory and suppressive effects on germination and seedling development. These findings reveal a wide range of functional diversity among wheat endophytic bacteria and highlight promising native strains for the development of bioinoculants to improve wheat performance.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1897611</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1897611</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Contrasting roles of fungal necromass and mineral preservation in influencing mineral-associated organic carbon across and within elevation bands]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Junyu Zhu</author><author>Qinxi Liu</author><author>Xuyang Lu</author><author>Jiasen Wu</author><author>Xinli Chen</author><author>Youchao Chen</author><author>Yanjiang Cai</author>
        <description><![CDATA[Mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) is a persistent fraction of soil organic carbon (SOC) that is central to long-term carbon (C) persistence and climate mitigation. Along an elevation gradient, soil texture and chemistry vary with climate and coincide with shifts in microbial communities, but it remains unclear whether MAOC aligns more strongly with abiotic soil attributes or biotic microbial necromass, and whether these relationships change from across-gradient patterns to within-elevation variation. In this study, we investigated SOC fractions in a subtropical mountain system and examined the factors associated with MAOC variation across the elevation gradient and within elevation bands. Across the elevation gradient, MAOC variation was best explained by elevation-associated changes in soil mineral properties, including amorphous Fe oxide, clay + silt content and pH. In contrast, within individual elevation bands, MAOC was positively correlated with total microbial necromass carbon (TNC). In addition, fungal necromass carbon (FNC) explained more variation in MAOC than bacterial necromass carbon (BNC); and TNC was significantly correlated with fungal community composition within bands. Notably, the relationship between TNC and MAOC weakened with increasing elevation. Taken together, our results indicate that MAOC patterns along the elevation gradient are primarily linked to mineral preservation, whereas within-band variation in MAOC is more closely related to bulk-soil microbial necromass C. These findings may help to reconcile conflicting views on MAOC regulation and highlight the context-dependency of soil C stabilization.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1752289</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1752289</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Effects of tree species mixing on soil microbial community structure in Karst regions of Southwest China]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-30T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Yan Wu</author><author>Xumeng Tan</author><author>Yu Wu</author><author>Jianfeng Li</author><author>Guili Di</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionSoil microbial communities are of great significance for maintaining the fragile karst ecosystem. However, research on how tree species configuration drives the assembly of soil microbial communities in this region remains relatively scarce.MethodsTo investigate the effects of tree species mixing on soil microbial community structure in karst regions and its association with environmental variables, this study selected pure Cryptomeria fortunei, pure Liquidambar formosana, and mixed forests in the Zazuo Experimental Forest Farm of Guizhou Province, China, as research objects. We determined nutrient content of leaves, litter, and soil, as well as soil enzymatic activities. Using high-throughput sequencing technology, we analyzed the diversity and composition of the soil microbial community. Mantel tests and variance partitioning analyses (VPA) were used to elucidate the influence of environmental variables on changes in the soil microbial community.ResultsThe results demonstrated that compared with pure L. formosana forests, tree species mixing significantly increased the Smith-wilson index of soil bacteria, but decreased the Coverage index of soil fungi (P < 0.05). Significant differences in soil fungal β-diversity were observed among different forest types (P < 0.05). Besides, the relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Ascomycota in mixed forests significantly increased by 37.46% and 37.43%, respectively. In contrast, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in pure L. formosana forests significantly increased by 154.39% compared to that in mixed forests (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of unclassified_p_Ascomycota in the mixed forest was ~2.81 to 3.39 times that in the pure forests. The relative abundances of Trichoderma and unclassified_c_Agaricomycetes in the pure C. fortunei forests were ~0.35 to 1.88 times those in the pure L. formosana forests (P < 0.05). Lastly, community composition at the phylum level was significantly correlated with leaf and soil nutrient contents, and soil enzymatic activity. The individual explanatory rates of organic carbon, soil nutrients, and soil enzymes on bacterial community variation were 10.08%, 11.14%, and a negative value, respectively, while synergistic effects between enzymes and organic carbon and between enzymes and soil nutrients explained 39.61% and 32.69%, respectively. For fungal communities, the individual explanatory rates of soil nutrients, soil enzymes, and leaf nutrients were 16.53%, 5.72%, and a negative value, respectively, with synergistic effects between enzymes and leaf nutrients accounting for 0.79%.DiscussionIn conclusion, tree species mixing altered the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities, with environmental variables individually or synergistically influencing microbial community structure. These research findings thoroughly elucidate the effects of stand types on soil microbial community structure in fragile karst ecological areas, and provide a theoretical basis for further improving the functional performance of karst forest ecosystems.]]></description>
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        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1902699</guid>
        <link>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1902699</link>
        <title><![CDATA[Microbial network and its relationship with plants reflect the restoration of grasslands during a five-year period]]></title>
        <pubdate>2026-07-29T00:00:00Z</pubdate>
        <category>Original Research</category>
        <author>Minghui Zhang</author><author>Chunnan Fan</author><author>Jinping Zheng</author><author>Qiang Liu</author><author>Fang Yu</author>
        <description><![CDATA[IntroductionThe ecological restoration of degraded grassland has been widely studied in terms of plants, soil, and microbes. The microbial network and its relationship with plants are essential indicators of the grassland restoration process. Across restoration statuses, how the microbial network affects plant-microbe interactions and reflects grassland restoration remains unclear.MethodsWe examined changes in soil microbial networks, plant biomass, and soil properties across early, moderate, and late restoration, as well as stable community status, over a 5-year restoration period. We calculated the grassland restoration index (GRI) to evaluate the restoration process and constructed microbial co-occurrence networks to assess changes in microbial communities over 5 years.ResultsOur results showed the dominant species shifting from Kochia sieversiana to Chloris virgata in early restoration status, and the bacterial network complexity fluctuated over the 5 years, indicating a restoration in early restoration status. In moderate and late restoration statuses, the complexity of bacterial networks gradually increased, suggesting the increased recovery potential in the grassland. However, the GRI showed that the moderate and late restoration statuses did not progress to the next successional status over the 5 years. Moreover, the random forest regression model revealed that high soil pH may limit the restoration process by regulating soil microbial networks.ConclusionOur study illuminates the signaling roles of soil microbial networks in the restoration process and suggests that moderate and late restoration statuses may take longer to recover to a stable community status. We emphasized that soil pH may be a key constraint in the different restoration statuses, warranting further experimental testing of pH regulation as a restoration intervention.]]></description>
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