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Qator 30: Qator 30:
'''Seul''' — [[Koreya Respublikasi]]ning poytaxti. Xangan daryosi boʻyida, Sariq dengiz qirgʻogʻidan 100 km ichkarida. Iqlimi mussonli iqlim, yanvarning oʻrtacha temperaturasi—6,2°, iyulniki 24,7°. Yillik yogʻin 1200 mm. Aholisi 10,6 mln. kishi (1998). Seul avanporti — Inchxon bilan birgalikda provinsiya huquqiga tenglashtirilgan alohida maʼmuriy birlik va yirik iqtisodiy rayonni tashkil etadi.
'''Seul''' — [[Koreya Respublikasi]]ning poytaxti. Xangan daryosi boʻyida, Sariq dengiz qirgʻogʻidan 100 km ichkarida. Iqlimi mussonli iqlim, yanvarning oʻrtacha temperaturasi—6,2°, iyulniki 24,7°. Yillik yogʻin 1200 mm. Aholisi 10,6 mln. kishi (1998). Seul avanporti — Inchxon bilan birgalikda provinsiya huquqiga tenglashtirilgan alohida maʼmuriy birlik va yirik iqtisodiy rayonni tashkil etadi.


Seul ilk oʻrta asrlarda harbiy qalʼa sifatida vujudga kelgan. 14-asr oxirigacha kichikroq savdo shaxri boʻltan. Mamlakatda Li sulolasi vujudga kelgach (1392), Seul — Koreya poytaxti. 1592—93 ylarda Seulni yaponlar bosib olib, vayron qilgan. 1905 yildan Seul Yaponiyaning Koreyadagi bosh rezidentining, 1910 yildan generalgubernatorining, 1948 yildan Janubiy Koreya xukumati bosh qarorgohi.
Seul ilk oʻrta asrlarda harbiy qalʼa sifatida vujudga kelgan. 14-asr oxirigacha kichikroq savdo shahri boʻltan. Mamlakatda Li sulolasi vujudga kelgach (1392), Seul — Koreya poytaxti. 1592—93 yillarda Seulni yaponlar bosib olib, vayron qilgan. 1905-yildan Seul Yaponiyaning Koreyadagi bosh rezidentining, 1910-yildan generalgubernatorining, 1948-yildan Janubiy Koreya xukumati bosh qarorgohi.


Seul — transport yoʻllarining yirik tuguni, dare porti. Aeroporti xalqaro ahamiyatga ega. Inchxon sh. bilan birgalikda mamlakatda ishlab chiqarilayotgan sanoat mahsulotining deyarli 50% ni beradi. Elektrotexnika, radioelektronika, kimyo, toʻqimachilik, oziq-ovqat, poligrafiya sanoati korxonalari mavjud. Qurilish materiallari ishlab chikariladi. Metallurgiya sanoati rivojlangan. Metropoliten bor. Meʼmoriy yodgorliklaridan 3 yarusli marmar Xyonmyotxap ibodatxonasi (1085), 8 darvozali shahar devori qolldiqdari (19-a. oxirigacha S. baland mudofaa devori bilan oʻralgan edi), Kyonbokkun saroy majmuasi (1394), Vongaks ibodatxona pagodasi (1467) va boshqa sakdangan. S. — mamlakatning madaniy markazi: Davlat universiteti (1946), xususiy universitetlar, institutlar, teatr va xoreografiya institutlari, Milliy fanlar akademiyasi, ilmiy tadqiqot intlari, kutubxonalar, muzeylar, kartinalar galereyasi, teatrlar bor. 1988 yilda Seulda 14-Olimpiada oʻyinlari boʻlib oʻtgan.<ref>[[OʻzME]]. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil</ref>
Seul — transport yoʻllarining yirik tuguni, dare porti. Aeroporti xalqaro ahamiyatga ega. Inchxon shahri bilan birgalikda mamlakatda ishlab chiqarilayotgan sanoat mahsulotining deyarli 50% ni beradi. Elektrotexnika, radioelektronika, kimyo, toʻqimachilik, oziq-ovqat, poligrafiya sanoati korxonalari mavjud. Qurilish materiallari ishlab chikariladi. Metallurgiya sanoati rivojlangan. Metropoliten bor. Meʼmoriy yodgorliklaridan 3 yarusli marmar Xyonmyotxap ibodatxonasi (1085), 8 darvozali shahar devori qolldiqdari (19-asr oxirigacha Seul baland mudofaa devori bilan oʻralgan edi), Kyonbokkun saroy majmuasi (1394), Vongaks ibodatxona pagodasi (1467) va boshqa sakdangan. Seul — mamlakatning madaniy markazi: Davlat universiteti (1946), xususiy universitetlar, institutlar, teatr va xoreografiya institutlari, Milliy fanlar akademiyasi, ilmiy tadqiqot institutlari, kutubxonalar, muzeylar, kartinalar galereyasi, teatrlar bor. 1988-yilda Seulda 14-Olimpiada oʻyinlari boʻlib oʻtgan.<ref>[[Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi|OʻzME]]. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil</ref>
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'''Seul''' — [[Janubiy Koreya]]ning [[poytaxt]]i. 10 milliondan koʻp aholiga ega Seul dunyoning eng yirik shaharlaridan biridir. Shuningdek Seul dunyodagi eng katta ikkinchi metropoliten shahar, [[Seul Milly Poytax Maydoni]] — [[Inchon]] shahri va [[Gyeonggi-do]]ning bir necha shaharlarini oʻzi ichiga olganda aholisi 23 milliondan oshadi. <ref>R.L. Forstall, R.P. Greene, and J.B. Pick, [http://www.uic.edu/cuppa/cityfutures/papers/webpapers/cityfuturespapers/session3_4/3_4whicharethe.pdf „Which are the largest? Why published populations for major world urban areas vary so greatly“], City Futures Conference, (University of Illinois at Chicago, July 2004){{ndash}} Table 5 (p.34)</ref> Janubiy Koreya aholisining deyarli yarmi Seul Milliy Poytaxti Maydonida yashaydi, chorak qismi esa Seulda. Shu sababdan Seul maxsus shahri deb ataladi va milliy hukumat tomonidan toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri boshqariladi.
'''Seul''' — [[Janubiy Koreya]]ning [[poytaxt]]i. 10 milliondan koʻp aholiga ega Seul dunyoning eng yirik shaharlaridan biridir. Shuningdek Seul dunyodagi eng katta ikkinchi metropoliten shahar, [[Seul Milly Poytax Maydoni]] — [[Inchon]] shahri va [[Gyeonggi-do]]ning bir necha shaharlarini oʻzi ichiga olganda aholisi 23 milliondan oshadi. <ref>R.L. Forstall, R.P. Greene, and J.B. Pick, [http://www.uic.edu/cuppa/cityfutures/papers/webpapers/cityfuturespapers/session3_4/3_4whicharethe.pdf „Which are the largest? Why published populations for major world urban areas vary so greatly“], City Futures Conference, (University of Illinois at Chicago, July 2004){{ndash}} Table 5 (p.34)</ref> Janubiy Koreya aholisining deyarli yarmi Seul Milliy Poytaxti Maydonida yashaydi, chorak qismi esa Seulda. Shu sababdan Seul maxsus shahri deb ataladi va milliy hukumat tomonidan toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri boshqariladi.


Shahar mamlakatning shimoli-gʻarbiy qismida Han Daryosi havzasida joylashgan. Seuldan 50 km shimolda esa [[Shimoliy Koreya]] joylashgan.
Shahar mamlakatning shimoli-gʻarbiy qismida Han Daryosi havzasida joylashgan. Seuldan 50 km shimolda esa [[Shimoliy Koreya]] joylashgan.
Qator 43: Qator 43:
Seul birinchi bor tarixda 18 [[EA]] [[Pekche]] qirolligi oʻz poytaxti [[Viryeson]]ni hozirgi Seulning janubiy-sharqiy qismidagi [[Songpa-gu]]da oʻrnatgan paytda paydo boʻladi. Zamonaviy Seul [[Ko'ryo]] erasidagi [[Namgyon]] shahridan kelib chqib, Choʻson qirolligi davrida [[Koreya]]ning poytaxti boʻlgan.
Seul birinchi bor tarixda 18 [[EA]] [[Pekche]] qirolligi oʻz poytaxti [[Viryeson]]ni hozirgi Seulning janubiy-sharqiy qismidagi [[Songpa-gu]]da oʻrnatgan paytda paydo boʻladi. Zamonaviy Seul [[Ko'ryo]] erasidagi [[Namgyon]] shahridan kelib chqib, Choʻson qirolligi davrida [[Koreya]]ning poytaxti boʻlgan.


Yirik moliyaviy va madaniy markaz sifatida Seul global shahar] xisoblanadi. Seul [[1988-Yozgi Olimpiada]] va [[2002 FIFA Jahon Chempionati]]ning mezboni boʻlgan. 2007 [[Dunyo]]dagi eng yashash qimmat shaharlarning uchinchisi va [[Osiyo]]dagi birinchi eng qimmat shahar sifatida topildi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/features/cost_survey.html |title=Cost of living - The world's most expensive cities |publisher=City Mayors}}</ref>
Yirik moliyaviy va madaniy markaz sifatida Seul global shahar] xisoblanadi. Seul [[1988-Yozgi Olimpiada]] va [[2002 FIFA Jahon Chempionati]]ning mezboni boʻlgan. 2007 [[Dunyo]]dagi eng yashash qimmat shaharlarning uchinchisi va [[Osiyo]]dagi birinchi eng qimmat shahar sifatida topildi.<ref>{{Web manbasi |url=http://www.citymayors.com/features/cost_survey.html |title=Cost of living - The world's most expensive cities |publisher=City Mayors}}</ref>


== Nomlari ==
== Nomlari ==
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In common with the rest of South Korea, Seoul has a generally [[humid continental climate]], despite the fact that the country is surrounded on three sides by water.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/country_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT002800 BBC Weather — Country Guide]</ref> Summers are generally hot and humid, with [[monsoons]] taking place from June until July. August, the hottest month, has an average temperature of 72&nbsp;°F to 86&nbsp;°F (22&nbsp;°C to 30&nbsp;°C) with higher temperatures possible. Winters are often very cold with an average January temperature of 19&nbsp;°F to 33&nbsp;°F (-7&nbsp;°C to 1&nbsp;°C) and are generally much drier than summers, although there are 28 days of [[snow]] in Seoul in each year on average.
In common with the rest of South Korea, Seoul has a generally [[humid continental climate]], despite the fact that the country is surrounded on three sides by water.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/country_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT002800 BBC Weather — Country Guide]</ref> Summers are generally hot and humid, with [[monsoons]] taking place from June until July. August, the hottest month, has an average temperature of 72&nbsp;°F to 86&nbsp;°F (22&nbsp;°C to 30&nbsp;°C) with higher temperatures possible. Winters are often very cold with an average January temperature of 19&nbsp;°F to 33&nbsp;°F (-7&nbsp;°C to 1&nbsp;°C) and are generally much doktorier than summers, although there are 28 days of [[snow]] in Seoul in each year on average.


=== Shahar koʻrinishi ===
=== Shahar koʻrinishi ===
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{{main|Gu of Seoul}}
{{main|Gu of Seoul}}
[[Tasvir:Map Seoul districts de.png|thumb|right|250px|Seul tumanlari]]
[[Tasvir:Map Seoul districts de.png|thumb|right|250px|Seul tumanlari]]
Seoul is divided into 25 [[Administrative divisions of South Korea#Gu|''gu'']] (구; {{linktext|區}}) (district)<ref name="Administrative Districts" />. The gu vary greatly in area (from 10 to 47 km²) and population (from less than 140,000 to 630,000). Songpa has the most people, while Seocho, the largest area. The government of each ''gu'' handles many of the functions that are handled by city governments in other jurisdictions. Each gu is divided into „[[Administrative divisions of South Korea#Dong ("Neighbourhood"; 동; 洞)|dong]]“ (동; {{linktext|洞}}) or neighbourhoods. Some gu have only a few dong while others like Jongno-gu have a very large number of distinct neighborhoods. Gu of Seoul consist of 522 administrative dongs (행정동) in total.<ref name="Administrative Districts">{{cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/organ/organ_03adm.htm |title=Administrative Districts |publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|accessdate=2008-05-02 |language=English}}</ref> ''Dong'' are also sub-divided into 13,787 ''tong'' (통; {{linktext|統}}), which are further divided into 102,796 ''ban'' in total.
Seoul is divided into 25 [[Administrative divisions of South Korea#Gu|''gu'']] (구; {{linktext|區}}) (district)<ref name="Administrative Districts" />. The gu vary greatly in area (from 10 to 47 km²) and population (from less than 140,000 to 630,000). Songpa has the most people, while Seocho, the largest area. The government of each ''gu'' handles many of the functions that are handled by city governments in other jurisdictions. Each gu is divided into „[[Administrative divisions of South Korea#Dong ("Neighbourhood"; 동; 洞)|dong]]“ (동; {{linktext|洞}}) or neighbourhoods. Some gu have only a few dong while others like Jongno-gu have a very large number of distinct neighborhoods. Gu of Seoul consist of 522 administrative dongs (행정동) in total.<ref name="Administrative Districts">{{Web manbasi|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/organ/organ_03adm.htm |title=Administrative Districts |publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|accessdate=2008-05-02 |language=English}}</ref> ''Dong'' are also sub-divided into 13,787 ''tong'' (통; {{linktext|統}}), which are further divided into 102,796 ''ban'' in total.


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== Demografiyasi ==
== Demografiyasi ==


Nearly all of Seoul’s residents are [[Korean people|Korean]], with some small [[Overseas Chinese|Chinese]] and [[Japanese people|Japanese]] minorities. A rapidly growing population of international residents now represent about 2 % of the total population.<ref>{{cite news
Nearly all of Seoul’s residents are [[Korean people|Korean]], with some small [[Overseas Chinese|Chinese]] and [[Japanese people|Japanese]] minorities. A rapidly growing population of international residents now represent about 2 % of the total population.<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi
|last=Park
|last=Park
|first=Chung-a
|first=Chung-a
Qator 223: Qator 223:
Upon opening in March 2001, [[Incheon International Airport]] on [[Yeongjong]] island in [[Incheon]] changed the role of Gimpo Airport significantly. Incheon is now responsible for almost all international flights and some domestic flights, while Gimpo serves only domestic flights with the exception of flights to [[Tokyo International Airport|Haneda Airport]] in [[Tokyo]] and [[Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport|Hongqiao Airport]] in [[Shanghai]]. This has led to a significant drop in flights from Gimpo Airport.
Upon opening in March 2001, [[Incheon International Airport]] on [[Yeongjong]] island in [[Incheon]] changed the role of Gimpo Airport significantly. Incheon is now responsible for almost all international flights and some domestic flights, while Gimpo serves only domestic flights with the exception of flights to [[Tokyo International Airport|Haneda Airport]] in [[Tokyo]] and [[Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport|Hongqiao Airport]] in [[Shanghai]]. This has led to a significant drop in flights from Gimpo Airport.


Meanwhile, Incheon International Airport has become, along with [[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]] and [[Singapore Changi Airport|Singapore]], a major transportation centre for [[East Asia]]. The 2005 AETRA passenger survey, jointly administered by the [[International Air Transport Association|IATA]] and [[Airports Council International]], voted it the best airport in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airports.org/cda/aci/display/main/aci_content.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-7-46%5E6702_9_2__|title=Airport Service Excellence Awards for 2005|date=2006-03-07|accessdate=2006-08-25|publisher=[[Airports Council International|ACI]]}}</ref> It was named by [[Skytrax]] as the world’s 5th best airport for 2006.<ref>{{cite web|title=Airport of the Year 2006 |url=http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards-2006/AirportYear-2006.htm|publisher=[[Skytrax]]|work=World Airport Awards|accessdate=2007-02-25}}</ref>
Meanwhile, Incheon International Airport has become, along with [[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]] and [[Singapore Changi Airport|Singapore]], a major transportation centre for [[East Asia]]. The 2005 AETRA passenger survey, jointly administered by the [[International Air Transport Association|IATA]] and [[Airports Council International]], voted it the best airport in the world.<ref>{{Web manbasi|url=http://www.airports.org/cda/aci/display/main/aci_content.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-7-46%5E6702_9_2__|title=Airport Service Excellence Awards for 2005|date=2006-03-07|accessdate=2006-08-25|publisher=[[Airports Council International|ACI]]}}</ref> It was named by [[Skytrax]] as the world’s 5th best airport for 2006.<ref>{{Web manbasi|title=Airport of the Year 2006 |url=http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards-2006/AirportYear-2006.htm|publisher=[[Skytrax]]|work=World Airport Awards|accessdate=2007-02-25}}</ref>


Incheon and Gimpo are linked to Seoul by highways, and Gimpo is also linked by subway (line #5). The [[Incheon International Airport Railroad]], a rail line connecting Incheon Airport to Gimpo Airport opened in March 2007, but the line to Seoul Station in central Seoul will take at least a year more to open. Shuttle buses transfer passengers between Incheon and Gimpo airports.
Incheon and Gimpo are linked to Seoul by highways, and Gimpo is also linked by subway (line #5). The [[Incheon International Airport Railroad]], a rail line connecting Incheon Airport to Gimpo Airport opened in March 2007, but the line to Seoul Station in central Seoul will take at least a year more to open. Shuttle buses transfer passengers between Incheon and Gimpo airports.
Qator 249: Qator 249:
Seoul is connected to every major city in Korea by railroad. Seoul is also linked to most major Korean cities by the [[Korea Train Express|KTX]] bullet train which features a normal operation speed of more than 300 km/h, making commuting between cities extremely convenient for commuters and tourists. Major railroad stations include:
Seoul is connected to every major city in Korea by railroad. Seoul is also linked to most major Korean cities by the [[Korea Train Express|KTX]] bullet train which features a normal operation speed of more than 300 km/h, making commuting between cities extremely convenient for commuters and tourists. Major railroad stations include:


* [[Seoul Station]], [[Jung-gu, Seoul|Jung-gu]] — Gyeongbu line ([[KTX]]/[[Saemaul]]/[[Mugunghwa-ho]]), Gyeongui line (Saemaul/[[Commuter]])
* [[Seoul Station]], [[Jung-gu, Seoul|Jung-gu]] — Gyeongbu line ([[KTX]]/[[Saemaul]]/[[Mugunghwa-ho]]), Gyeongui line (Saemaul/[[Commuter]])
* [[Yongsan Station]], [[Yongsan-gu]] — Honam line (KTX/Saemaul/Mugunghwa), Jeolla/Janghang lines (Saemaul/Mugunghwa)
* [[Yongsan Station]], [[Yongsan-gu]] — Honam line (KTX/Saemaul/Mugunghwa), Jeolla/Janghang lines (Saemaul/Mugunghwa)
* Yeongdeungpo Station, [[Yeongdeungpo-gu]] — Gyeongbu/Honam/Janghang lines (Saemaul/Mugunghwa)
* Yeongdeungpo Station, [[Yeongdeungpo-gu]] — Gyeongbu/Honam/Janghang lines (Saemaul/Mugunghwa)
* [[Cheongnyangni Station (aboveground)|Cheongnyangni Station]], [[Dongdaemun-gu]] — Gyeongchun/Jungang/Yeongdong/Taebaek lines (Mugunghwa)
* [[Cheongnyangni Station (aboveground)|Cheongnyangni Station]], [[Dongdaemun-gu]] — Gyeongchun/Jungang/Yeongdong/Taebaek lines (Mugunghwa)


== Sister cities ==
== Sister cities ==
Seoul has many [[sister city|sister cities]]. The year each relationship was formed is shown in parentheses below.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|author=Seul Metropolitan Government|title=International Cooperation: Sister Cities}}</ref>
Seoul has many [[sister city|sister cities]]. The year each relationship was formed is shown in parentheses below.<ref>{{Web manbasi|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|author=Seul Metropolitan Government|title=International Cooperation: Sister Cities}}</ref>
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2024-yil 6-sentyabr, 14:45 dagi (joriy) koʻrinishi

서울
Seul
Andoza:Koyreyscha nom ma'lumot qutisi/NomQuti
Qisqa Nomi
Andoza:WikifyQalin matn
Statistika
Axolisi (2007)10,421,782 (Metropolitan area 23 million) [1]
HukumatiSeul Metropoliten Hukumati
M'erO Se Xun
Ma'muriy Tumanlari25 gu
TumanSeoul National Capital Area
ShevaSeul shevasi
Joylashuv Haritasi
Seulning joylashuv haritasi.
Seulning joylashuv haritasi.

Seul — Koreya Respublikasining poytaxti. Xangan daryosi boʻyida, Sariq dengiz qirgʻogʻidan 100 km ichkarida. Iqlimi mussonli iqlim, yanvarning oʻrtacha temperaturasi—6,2°, iyulniki 24,7°. Yillik yogʻin 1200 mm. Aholisi 10,6 mln. kishi (1998). Seul avanporti — Inchxon bilan birgalikda provinsiya huquqiga tenglashtirilgan alohida maʼmuriy birlik va yirik iqtisodiy rayonni tashkil etadi.

Seul ilk oʻrta asrlarda harbiy qalʼa sifatida vujudga kelgan. 14-asr oxirigacha kichikroq savdo shahri boʻltan. Mamlakatda Li sulolasi vujudga kelgach (1392), Seul — Koreya poytaxti. 1592—93 yillarda Seulni yaponlar bosib olib, vayron qilgan. 1905-yildan Seul Yaponiyaning Koreyadagi bosh rezidentining, 1910-yildan generalgubernatorining, 1948-yildan Janubiy Koreya xukumati bosh qarorgohi.

Seul — transport yoʻllarining yirik tuguni, dare porti. Aeroporti xalqaro ahamiyatga ega. Inchxon shahri bilan birgalikda mamlakatda ishlab chiqarilayotgan sanoat mahsulotining deyarli 50% ni beradi. Elektrotexnika, radioelektronika, kimyo, toʻqimachilik, oziq-ovqat, poligrafiya sanoati korxonalari mavjud. Qurilish materiallari ishlab chikariladi. Metallurgiya sanoati rivojlangan. Metropoliten bor. Meʼmoriy yodgorliklaridan 3 yarusli marmar Xyonmyotxap ibodatxonasi (1085), 8 darvozali shahar devori qolldiqdari (19-asr oxirigacha Seul baland mudofaa devori bilan oʻralgan edi), Kyonbokkun saroy majmuasi (1394), Vongaks ibodatxona pagodasi (1467) va boshqa sakdangan. Seul — mamlakatning madaniy markazi: Davlat universiteti (1946), xususiy universitetlar, institutlar, teatr va xoreografiya institutlari, Milliy fanlar akademiyasi, ilmiy tadqiqot institutlari, kutubxonalar, muzeylar, kartinalar galereyasi, teatrlar bor. 1988-yilda Seulda 14-Olimpiada oʻyinlari boʻlib oʻtgan.[2]


Havolalar

[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
  1. ↑ http://english.seoul.go.kr/today/about/about_12stat.htm
  2. ↑ OʻzME. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil 



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