Seul sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Koreya Shaharlari Ma'lumot
|title       = 서울<br />Seul
|logo        = Seoul emblem.png
|img         =
|imgcaption  = Seuldagi tong otish
|hangul      = 서울특별시
|hanja       = 서울[[wikt:特|特]][[wikt:別|別]][[wikt:市|市]]
|rr          = Seul Teukbyolshi
|mr          = Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi
|hangulshort = 서울
|rrshort     = Seul
|mrshort     = Sŏul
|area_km²    = 605.25
|areanote    = <ref name="http://stat-app.seoul.go.kr/sws/sws999P.jsp?ID=DT_B10TAB&IDTYPE=3&A_LANG=2&FPUB=3&SELITEM=">[http://stat-app.seoul.go.kr/sws/sws999P.jsp?ID=DT_B10TAB&IDTYPE=3&A_LANG=2&FPUB=3&SELITEM= Seoul Metropolitan Government - "A Clean, Attractive & Global City, Seoul!"<!--Bot-generated title-->]</ref>
|pop         = 10,421,782 <small>(Metropolitan area 23 million)</small>
|popnote     = <ref>http://english.seoul.go.kr/today/about/about_12stat.htm</ref>
|popyear     = 2007
|popden_km²  = 17219
|gov         = [[Seul Metropoliten Hukumati]]
|mayor       = [[O Se Xun]]
|seoulmayor  = Ha
|divs        = 25 ''gu''
|region      = [[Seoul National Capital Area]]
|dialect     = [[Seul shevasi]]
|map         = Seoul SK.png
|mapcaption  = Seulning joylashuv haritasi.
}}

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'''Seul''' — [[Koreya Respublikasi]]ning poytaxti. Xangan daryosi boʻyida, Sariq dengiz qirgʻogʻidan 100&nbsp;km ichkarida. Iqlimi mussonli iqlim, yanvarning oʻrtacha temperaturasi—6,2°, iyulniki 24,7°. Yillik yogʻin 1200&nbsp;mm. Aholisi 10,6 mln. kishi (1998). Seul avanporti — Inchxon bilan birgalikda provinsiya huquqiga tenglashtirilgan alohida maʼmuriy birlik va yirik iqtisodiy rayonni tashkil etadi.

Seul ilk oʻrta asrlarda harbiy qalʼa sifatida vujudga kelgan. 14-asr oxirigacha kichikroq savdo shahri boʻltan. Mamlakatda Li sulolasi vujudga kelgach (1392), Seul — Koreya poytaxti. 1592—93 yillarda Seulni yaponlar bosib olib, vayron qilgan. 1905-yildan Seul Yaponiyaning Koreyadagi bosh rezidentining, 1910-yildan generalgubernatorining, 1948-yildan Janubiy Koreya xukumati bosh qarorgohi.

Seul — transport yoʻllarining yirik tuguni, dare porti. Aeroporti xalqaro ahamiyatga ega. Inchxon shahri bilan birgalikda mamlakatda ishlab chiqarilayotgan sanoat mahsulotining deyarli 50% ni beradi. Elektrotexnika, radioelektronika, kimyo, toʻqimachilik, oziq-ovqat, poligrafiya sanoati korxonalari mavjud. Qurilish materiallari ishlab chikariladi. Metallurgiya sanoati rivojlangan. Metropoliten bor. Meʼmoriy yodgorliklaridan 3 yarusli marmar Xyonmyotxap ibodatxonasi (1085), 8 darvozali shahar devori qolldiqdari (19-asr oxirigacha S. baland mudofaa devori bilan oʻralgan edi), Kyonbokkun saroy majmuasi (1394), Vongaks ibodatxona pagodasi (1467) va boshqa sakdangan. S. — mamlakatning madaniy markazi: Davlat universiteti (1946), xususiy universitetlar, institutlar, teatr va xoreografiya institutlari, Milliy fanlar akademiyasi, ilmiy tadqiqot institutlari, kutubxonalar, muzeylar, kartinalar galereyasi, teatrlar bor. 1988-yilda Seulda 14-Olimpiada oʻyinlari boʻlib oʻtgan.<ref>[[Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi|OʻzME]]. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil</ref>
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{{ingliz}}
'''Seul''' — [[Janubiy Koreya]]ning [[poytaxt]]i. 10 milliondan koʻp aholiga ega Seul dunyoning eng yirik shaharlaridan biridir. Shuningdek Seul dunyodagi eng katta ikkinchi metropoliten shahar, [[Seul Milly Poytax Maydoni]] — [[Inchon]] shahri va [[Gyeonggi-do]]ning bir necha shaharlarini oʻzi ichiga olganda aholisi 23 milliondan oshadi. <ref>R.L. Forstall, R.P. Greene, and J.B. Pick, [http://www.uic.edu/cuppa/cityfutures/papers/webpapers/cityfuturespapers/session3_4/3_4whicharethe.pdf „Which are the largest? Why published populations for major world urban areas vary so greatly“], City Futures Conference, (University of Illinois at Chicago, July 2004){{ndash}} Table 5 (p.34)</ref> Janubiy Koreya aholisining deyarli yarmi Seul Milliy Poytaxti Maydonida yashaydi, chorak qismi esa Seulda. Shu sababdan Seul maxsus shahri deb ataladi va milliy hukumat tomonidan toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri boshqariladi.

Shahar mamlakatning shimoli-gʻarbiy qismida Han Daryosi havzasida joylashgan. Seuldan 50 km shimolda esa [[Shimoliy Koreya]] joylashgan.

Seul birinchi bor tarixda 18 [[EA]] [[Pekche]] qirolligi oʻz poytaxti [[Viryeson]]ni hozirgi Seulning janubiy-sharqiy qismidagi [[Songpa-gu]]da oʻrnatgan paytda paydo boʻladi. Zamonaviy Seul [[Ko'ryo]] erasidagi [[Namgyon]] shahridan kelib chqib, Choʻson qirolligi davrida [[Koreya]]ning poytaxti boʻlgan.

Yirik moliyaviy va madaniy markaz sifatida Seul global shahar] xisoblanadi. Seul [[1988-Yozgi Olimpiada]] va [[2002 FIFA Jahon Chempionati]]ning mezboni boʻlgan. 2007 [[Dunyo]]dagi eng yashash qimmat shaharlarning uchinchisi va [[Osiyo]]dagi birinchi eng qimmat shahar sifatida topildi.<ref>{{Web manbasi |url=http://www.citymayors.com/features/cost_survey.html |title=Cost of living - The world's most expensive cities |publisher=City Mayors}}</ref>

== Nomlari ==
The city has been known in the past by the successive names Wirye-seong (위례성; 慰禮城, [[Baekje]] era), Namgyeong (남경; 南京, [[Goryeo]] era), Hanseong (한성; 漢城, [[Joseon Dynasty|Joseon]] era), and Hanyang (한양; 漢陽). Its current name originated from the [[Korean language|Korean]] word meaning "capital city, " which is believed to be derived ''Seorabeol'' (서라벌; [[wikt:徐羅伐|徐羅伐]]), which originally referred to [[Gyeongju]], the capital of [[Silla]].<ref>[http://uk.holidaysguide.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-221948-seoul_history-i yahoo]</ref>

Unlike most place names in Korea, „Seoul“ has no corresponding [[hanja]] ([[Chinese characters]] used in the [[Korean language]]). The recently-chosen [[Chinese name for Seoul]] is 首爾 (Shǒuěr), which sounds somewhat similar to „Seoul“ when pronounced in [[Mandarin Chinese]].<ref>[http://goodcharacters.com/newsletters/summer2006-seoul-korea.html goodcharacters.com]</ref>

== Tarixi ==
[[Tasvir:Seoul Gyeongbokgung palace exterior view.jpg|220px|thumb|left|[[Gyeongbokgung]] against Bugaksan.]]
[[Tasvir:Joseonperiod.jpg|260px|thumb|right|Old Seoul in the late Joseon period.]]
{{main|Seul tarixi}}
The history of Seoul can be traced back as far as 18 BC, when it was established as a settlement in [[Baekje]]. Itʼs believed that the [[Wiryeseong]] site is in the boundaries of modern day Seoul. It has thereafter been the capital of the [[Joseon Dynasty]]. In the Japanese colonization period in the early 20th century, many historical and traditional parts of Seoul were changed. The city was almost entirely destroyed in the [[Korean War]], but an [[Yusin|aggressive economic policy in the 1960s and 1970s]] helped to rebuild the city very rapidly. In the 1990s, some important historical buildings were restored, including [[Gyeongbokgung]], one of the royal palaces of the Joseon dynasty.

== Jugʻrofiyasi ==
Seoul is in northwest South Korea. Seoul proper comprises 605.39 km² of area, roughly bisected into northern and southern halves by the [[Han River (Korea)|Han River]]. The Han River and its surrounding area played an important role in Korean history. The [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]] strove to take control of this land, where the river was used as a trade route to China (via the [[Yellow Sea]]). However, the river is no longer actively used for navigation, because its estuary is located at the borders of the two Koreas, barred for entrance by any civilian. The city is bordered by eight mountains, as well as the more level lands of the Han River plain and western areas.

=== Iqlimi ===
{{climate chart
|Seoul
|-7|1|23
|-5|3|25
|0|10|47
|7|17|94
|13|23|92
|17|26|134
|22|29|369
|22|30|294
|17|26|169
|10|20|50
|3|11|53
|-4|4|21
|source=[http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/k/KO47108.html climate-charts.com]
|float=left}}
In common with the rest of South Korea, Seoul has a generally [[humid continental climate]], despite the fact that the country is surrounded on three sides by water.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/country_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT002800 BBC Weather — Country Guide]</ref> Summers are generally hot and humid, with [[monsoons]] taking place from June until July. August, the hottest month, has an average temperature of 72&nbsp;°F to 86&nbsp;°F (22&nbsp;°C to 30&nbsp;°C) with higher temperatures possible. Winters are often very cold with an average January temperature of 19&nbsp;°F to 33&nbsp;°F (-7&nbsp;°C to 1&nbsp;°C) and are generally much doktorier than summers, although there are 28 days of [[snow]] in Seoul in each year on average.

=== Shahar koʻrinishi ===

The traditional heart of Seoul is the old [[Joseon Dynasty]] city, which is now the downtown area, where most palaces, government offices, corporate headquarters, hotels, and traditional markets are located. This area occupies the valley of [[Cheonggyecheon]], a stream that runs from west to east through the valley before emptying into the Han River. For many years, the stream had been covered by concrete, but was recently restored through an urban revival project. To the north of downtown is [[Bukhan Mountain]], and to the south is the smaller [[Namsan (Seoul)|Namsan]].
Further south are the old suburbs of [[Yongsan-gu]] and [[Mapo-gu]], and the [[Han River (Korea)|Han River]]. Across the Han River are the newer and wealthier areas of [[Gangnam-gu]],[[Seocho-gu]] and surrounding neighborhoods. The World Trade Center of Korea is located in Gangnam-gu and this is where many expositions and conferences are held. Also in Gangnam-gu is the [[COEX Mall]], a large indoor shopping and entertainment complex. [[Bamseom]] is an island in the middle of the Han River near [[Yeouido]], downstream from Gangnam-gu, and is home to the National Assembly, major broadcasting studios, and a number of large office buildings, as well as the Korea Finance Building and the world’s largest Pentecostal church. The Olympic Stadium, Olympic Park, and [[Lotte World]] are located in Songpa-gu, on the south side of the Han River, upstream from Gangnam-gu. South of the sprawling [[Gangnam]] area are [[Namhan Mountain]],[[Cheonggye Mountain]] and [[Gwanak Mountain]].

[[Tasvir:Seoul-Yeouido.at.dawn-01.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Yeoido District, Seoul]]

[[Tasvir:Seoul Cheonggyecheon night.jpg|thumb|200px|The beginning of the recently restored [[Cheonggyecheon]] stream.]]
Major modern [[landmark]]s include the [[Korea Finance Building]], [[N Seoul Tower]], the [[World Trade Center Seoul|World Trade Center]], the [[63 Building]] and the six-skyscraper residence [[Tower Palace]]. These and various high-rise [[office building]]s, like the [[Seoul Star Tower]] and [[Jongno Tower]], dominate the city’s skyline. Due to its high density, Seoul has been equipped with a grand appearance of [[skyscraper]]s and the city council is now planning on building a series of high-rises, including 580-metre business center in Sangam Digital Media City district and an 800-metre Lotte World 2 Tower in the [[Jamsil]] (pronounced „Jam-shil“) district of [[Songpa-gu]] and [[Gangdong-gu]].

[[Tasvir:Tp1 01.jpg|left|thumb|[[Samsung Tower Palace]].]]
Urban and civil planning was a key concept when Seoul was first designed to serve as a capital in the late 14th century. The Royal Palaces of the [[Joseon Dynasty]] still remain in Seoul, with the main palace, [[Gyeongbokgung]] currently being restored to its original form. Today, there are eight major subway lines stretching for more than 250 kilometers, with a ninth and tenth line being planned, and also some other miscellaneous lines.

The most historically significant street in Seoul is [[Jongro]], meaning "Bell Street, " on which one can find [[Bosingak]], a pavilion containing a large bell. The bell signaled the different times of the day and therefore controlled the four major gates to the city. The only time it is normally rung nowadays is at midnight on New Year’s Eve, when it is rung thirty-three times. It was, however, rung on the day that President [[Kim Dae-jung]] took office.

Seoul’s most important streetcar line ran along Jongno until it was replaced by Line 1 of the subway system in the early 1970s. Other notable streets in downtown Seoul include [[Euljiro]] (을지로; {{lang|ko|乙支路}}), [[Teheranno]] ({{lang|ko|테헤란{{linktext|路}}}}, [[Tehran]] Street), [[Sejongno]] (세종로; {{lang|ko|世宗路}}), [[Chungmuro]] (충무로; {{lang|ko|忠武路}}), [[Yulgongno]] (율곡로; {{lang|ko|栗谷路}}), and [[Toegyero]] (퇴계로; {{lang|ko|退溪路}}).

== Maʼmuriy boʻlinishi ==
{{main|Gu of Seoul}}
[[Tasvir:Map Seoul districts de.png|thumb|right|250px|Seul tumanlari]]
Seoul is divided into 25 [[Administrative divisions of South Korea#Gu|''gu'']] (구; {{linktext|區}}) (district)<ref name="Administrative Districts" />. The gu vary greatly in area (from 10 to 47 km²) and population (from less than 140,000 to 630,000). Songpa has the most people, while Seocho, the largest area. The government of each ''gu'' handles many of the functions that are handled by city governments in other jurisdictions. Each gu is divided into „[[Administrative divisions of South Korea#Dong ("Neighbourhood"; 동; 洞)|dong]]“ (동; {{linktext|洞}}) or neighbourhoods. Some gu have only a few dong while others like Jongno-gu have a very large number of distinct neighborhoods. Gu of Seoul consist of 522 administrative dongs (행정동) in total.<ref name="Administrative Districts">{{Web manbasi|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/organ/organ_03adm.htm |title=Administrative Districts |publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|accessdate=2008-05-02 |language=English}}</ref> ''Dong'' are also sub-divided into 13,787 ''tong'' (통; {{linktext|統}}), which are further divided into 102,796 ''ban'' in total.

{|
| valign="top" |
* [[Dobong-gu|Dobong District]] (도봉구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|道|峰|區}}}})
* [[Dongdaemun-gu|Dongdaemun District]] (동대문구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|東|大|門|區}}}})
* [[Dongjak-gu|Dongjak District]] (동작구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|銅|雀|區}}}})
* [[Eunpyeong-gu|Eunpyeong District]] (은평구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|恩|平|區}}}})
* [[Gangbuk-gu|Gangbuk District]] (강북구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|北|區}}}})
* [[Gangdong-gu|Gangdong District]] (강동구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|東|區}}}})
* [[Gangnam-gu|Gangnam District]] (강남구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|南|區}}}})
* [[Gangseo-gu, Seoul|Gangseo District]] (강서구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|西|區}}}})
* [[Geumcheon-gu|Geumcheon District]] (금천구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|衿|川|區}}}})
* [[Guro-gu|Guro District]] (구로구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|九|老|區}}}})
* [[Gwanak-gu|Gwanak District]] (관악구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|冠|岳|區}}}})
* [[Gwangjin-gu|Gwangjin District]] (광진구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|廣|津|區}}}})
* [[Jongno-gu|Jongno District]] (종로구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|鍾|路|區}}}})
| valign="top" |
* [[Jung-gu, Seoul|Jung District]] (중구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|中|區}}}})
* [[Jungnang-gu|Jungnang District]] (중랑구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|中|浪|區}}}})
* [[Mapo-gu|Mapo District]] (마포구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|麻|浦|區}}}})
* [[Nowon-gu|Nowon District]] (노원구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|蘆|原|區}}}})
* [[Seocho-gu|Seocho District]] (서초구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|瑞|草|區}}}})
* [[Seodaemun-gu|Seodaemun District]] (서대문구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|西|大|門|區}}}})
* [[Seongbuk-gu|Seongbuk District]] (성북구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|城|北|區}}}})
* [[Seongdong-gu|Seongdong District]] (성동구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|城|東|區}}}})
* [[Songpa-gu|Songpa District]] (송파구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|松|坡|區}}}})
* [[Yangcheon-gu|Yangcheon District]] (양천구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|陽|川|區}}}})
* [[Yeongdeungpo-gu|Yeongdeungpo District]] (영등포구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|永|登|浦|區}}}})
* [[Yongsan-gu|Yongsan District]] (용산구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|龍|山|區}}}})
|}

== Demografiyasi ==

Nearly all of Seoul’s residents are [[Korean people|Korean]], with some small [[Overseas Chinese|Chinese]] and [[Japanese people|Japanese]] minorities. A rapidly growing population of international residents now represent about 2 % of the total population.<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi 
  |last=Park
  |first=Chung-a
  |title=Foreign Population in Seoul Stands at 175,000
  |language=English
  |publisher=Korea Times
  |date=2007-07-24
  |url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/nation_view.asp?newsIdx=7073&categoryCode=117
  |accessdate=2008-01-06 }}</ref> The city’s population surpassed 10,421,000 as of the end of 2007 and the number of foreigners was 229,000, constituting 2.2 percent of the population.<ref>[http://www.kois.go.kr/News/News/NewsView.asp?serial_no=20080120003]{{dead link|date=June 2008}}</ref>

The crime rate in Seoul is very low and it is considered one of the safest major cities in Asia. The two major religions in Seoul are [[Buddhism]] and [[Christianity]]. Other religions include [[Shamanism]] and [[Confucianism]], the latter seen more as a pervasive social philosophy rather than a religion.

== Iqtisodi ==
[[Tasvir:Coexfile04.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[COEX Convention & Exhibition Center|COEX]] and the [[World Trade Center Seoul|World Trade Center]].]]

As the headquarters for some of the world’s largest corporations, such as [[Samsung]], [[LG]] and [[Hyundai]], Seoul has become a major business hub in Asia. Although Seoul accounts for only 0.6 percent of South Korea's land area, it generates 21 percent of the country's entire GDP.<ref>[http://www.lmg.go.kr/2006iaescsi/generalinfo/seoul.asp Welcome to KTC]</ref> Its per capita GDP ranks among the highest among large cities in the region.

=== Moliyaviy Yo'l ===
As a major business and financial center, Seoul ranks fifth in the world in terms of the number of [[Fortune 500]] transnational companies headquartered there.<ref>Richard Child Hill and June Woo Kim. [http://www.msu.edu/user/hillrr/urbstudtxt.htm GLOBAL CITIES & DEVELOPMENTAL STATES]. Retrieved [[27 June]] [[2006]].</ref> Many international banks have branches in Seoul, including [[Citigroup]], [[HSBC]] and [[Mizuho Financial Group]]. One of the largest exchange banks, the [[Korea Exchange Bank]], is also headquarted in Seoul.

=== Savdo ===
[[Tasvir:Myongdong2.jpg|left|200px|thumb|A view of [[Myeongdong]].]]
{{main|Shopping in Seoul}}
The largest market in South Korea, the [[Dongdaemun Market]], is located in Seoul. [[Myeongdong]] is a shopping and entertainment area in downtown Seoul which contains some of the city’s top stores and fashion boutiques. Nearby is the [[Namdaemun Market]] named after the [[Namdaemun Gate]]. [[Insadong]] is the cultural art market of Seoul, where traditional and modern Korean artworks, such as paintings, sculptures and calligraphy are sold. [[Itaewon]] is another notable shopping district in the city lined with boutiques and stores, mainly catering to foreign tourists and American soldiers based in the city. [[Shinchon]] is particularly popular with young people perhaps due to its proximity to some of Seoul’s universities. The [[Gangnam district]] is one of the most affluent areas in Seoul and has popular modern shopping spots such as the fashionable and upscale [[Apgujeong-dong]] area and the [[COEX Mall]].

== Taʼlim ==
: ''Sh. qarang: [[Education in South Korea]], [[List of universities in Seoul]]''

There are a large number of [[university|universities]] in Seoul. Most of the country’s most prestigious universities are located in Seoul.

== Madaniyati ==
[[Tasvir:Seoul-Deoksugung-06.jpg|thumb|right|[[Deoksugung]].]]
[[Tasvir:Gyeongbokgung-Gyeonghoeru-03.jpg|thumb|right|[[Gyeongbokgung]].]]
[[Tasvir:Injeongjeon (interior), Changdeokgung - Seoul, Korea.JPG|thumb|right|The interior of Injeongjeon in [[Changdeokgung]] before renovation.]]
[[Tasvir:Bongeunsa 1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bongeunsa]].]]
[[Tasvir:Khitai7.jpg|thumb|right|The inside of [[Lotte World]].]]

=== Tarixiy Binolar va Muzeylar ===
[[Cho'son Vassaligi]] „Besh Buyuk Qarorgoh“ qurilgan:
* [[Chxandokkun]] (창덕궁; {{lang|ko|昌德宮}})
* [[Chxanggyongun]] (창경궁; ({{lang|ko|昌慶宮}})
* [[Toksugun]] (덕수궁; {{lang|ko|德壽宮}})
* [[Kyonbokkung]] (경복궁; {{lang|ko|景福宮}})
* [[Kyonxigun]] (경희궁; {{lang|ko|慶熙宮}})

=== Muzeylar ===
{{main|List of museums in Seoul}}
* [[Koreya davlat muzeyi]](국립중앙박물관; 國立中央博物館)
* [[National Folk Museum of Korea|National Folk Museum]](국립민속박물관; 國立民俗博物館)
* [[War Memorial (Seoul)|War Memorial]](전쟁기념관; 戰爭紀念館)

Metropoliten maydon tashqarisi:
* [[Namxansanson]](남한산성; 南漢山城)
* [[Pukkansanson]](북한산성; 北漢山城)
* [[Namsan Park]](남산공원; 南山公園)

=== Ibodatxona va Ziyoratxonalar ===
* [[Culture of Korea#Jongmyo Shrine|Chonmyo]](종묘; 宗廟)
* [[Tonmyo]](동묘; 東廟)
* [[Munmyo]](문묘; 文廟)
* [[Chogyesa]](조계사; 曹溪寺)
* [[Xvagyesa]](화계사; 華溪寺)
* [[Ponynsa]] (봉은사; 奉恩寺)

=== Park va Attraksionlar ===
{{seealso|List of parks in Seoul}}
Seoul’s [[metropolitan area]] accommodates six major parks, including [[Seoul Forest]], which opened in mid-2005. The [[Seoul National Capital Area]] also contains a [[green belt]] aimed to prevent the city from [[Urban sprawl|sprawling]] out over the neighboring [[Gyeonggi-do|Gyeonggi]] [[Administrative divisions of South Korea|Province]]. These areas are frequently sought after by people resting on the weekend and during vacations.

In addition, Seoul is also home to the world’s largest indoor amusement park, [[Lotte World]]. Other recreation centres include the former [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] and [[Seoul World Cup Stadium|World Cup]] stadiums and the [[City and town halls|City Hall]]'s public lawn.

=== Sport ===
Seoul hosted the [[1986 Asian Games]], [[1988 Summer Olympics|1988 Olympic Games]] and [[1988 Summer Paralympics|Paralympic Games]]. It also served as one of the host cities of the [[FIFA World Cup 2002|2002 FIFA World Cup]]. [[Seoul World Cup Stadium]] hosted the opening ceremony and first game of the tournament.

[[Taekwondo]] is Koreaʼs national sport and Seoul is the location of the [[Kukkiwon]], also known as the [[World Taekwondo Federation]] (WTF), the world headquarters of taekwondo.

The city is home to three [[baseball]] teams in the [[Korean Baseball Organization|KBO]]: the [[Doosan Bears]], the [[LG Twins]], and Woori Heroes & two basketball teams in the [[Korean Basketball League|KBL]]: the [[Seoul Samsung Thunders]] and [[Seoul SK Knights]].

There is one professional [[soccer|football]] club in Seoul, [[FC Seoul]], which plays in the [[K-League]]. Two [[K3 League]] teams are based in the capital, [[Seoul United FC|Seoul United]] and [[Eunpyeong Chung-goo Sungshim Hospital FC|Eungpyeong Chung-goo FC]].

== Transportation ==
{{main|Transportation in Seoul}}
Seoul’s transportation boom dates back to the era of the [[Korean Empire]], when the first streetcar lines were laid and a railroad linking Seoul and Incheon was completed. Seoul was the first city in East Asia to have electricity, trolley cars, water, telephone, and telegraph systems all at the same time. Today, as a result of the diversification of the city’s transportation network, it has become a great transportation hub for Asia.

Seoul hosts more than three million registered vehicles and widespread traffic congestion is common.

==== Airports ====
[[Tasvir:Incheon_International_Airport.jpg|thumb|left|[[Incheon International Airport]].]]
There are two international [[airport]]s that serve Seoul. [[Gimpo International Airport]], formerly in [[Gimpo City|Gimpo]] but annexed to Seoul in 1963, was the only international airport for Seoul since its original construction during the [[Korean War]]. Other domestic airports were built around the time of the war, including at [[Yeouido]].

Upon opening in March 2001, [[Incheon International Airport]] on [[Yeongjong]] island in [[Incheon]] changed the role of Gimpo Airport significantly. Incheon is now responsible for almost all international flights and some domestic flights, while Gimpo serves only domestic flights with the exception of flights to [[Tokyo International Airport|Haneda Airport]] in [[Tokyo]] and [[Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport|Hongqiao Airport]] in [[Shanghai]]. This has led to a significant drop in flights from Gimpo Airport.

Meanwhile, Incheon International Airport has become, along with [[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]] and [[Singapore Changi Airport|Singapore]], a major transportation centre for [[East Asia]]. The 2005 AETRA passenger survey, jointly administered by the [[International Air Transport Association|IATA]] and [[Airports Council International]], voted it the best airport in the world.<ref>{{Web manbasi|url=http://www.airports.org/cda/aci/display/main/aci_content.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-7-46%5E6702_9_2__|title=Airport Service Excellence Awards for 2005|date=2006-03-07|accessdate=2006-08-25|publisher=[[Airports Council International|ACI]]}}</ref> It was named by [[Skytrax]] as the world’s 5th best airport for 2006.<ref>{{Web manbasi|title=Airport of the Year 2006 |url=http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards-2006/AirportYear-2006.htm|publisher=[[Skytrax]]|work=World Airport Awards|accessdate=2007-02-25}}</ref>

Incheon and Gimpo are linked to Seoul by highways, and Gimpo is also linked by subway (line #5). The [[Incheon International Airport Railroad]], a rail line connecting Incheon Airport to Gimpo Airport opened in March 2007, but the line to Seoul Station in central Seoul will take at least a year more to open. Shuttle buses transfer passengers between Incheon and Gimpo airports.
[[Tasvir:AREXtrain.JPG|thumb|right|[[AREX]] train running between Incheon and Gimpo Airport.]]

==== Bus ====
{{Main|Seoul Buses}}
Seoul’s bus system is operated by the Seoul Metropolitan Government, with four primary bus configurations available servicing most of the city.
[[Tasvir:Seoul bus B144.jpg|left|220px|thumb|New Super Aero City for B144]]
Seoul has many big intercity/express bus terminals. These buses are connecting Seoul and cities all around Korea. Major bus terminals are
* Seoul Express Bus Terminal in [[Seocho-gu]]
* Central City in Seocho-gu
* Seoul Nambu Terminal, also in Seocho-gu
* Dongseoul Bus Terminal in [[Gwangjin-gu]]
* Sangbong Terminal in [[Jungnang-gu]]

==== Subway ====
[[Tasvir:Seoulsub025.jpg|thumb|right|Subway station in Seoul.]]
{{Main|Seoul Metropolitan Subway}}
Seoul has eight subway lines that interlink every district of the city with one another and with the surrounding area. The majority of the population now uses the public transportation system due to its convenience and low cost. With more than 8 million passengers a day, Seoul has one of the busiest subway systems in the world. In addition, in order to cope with all of these transportation modes, Seoul’s metropolitan government employs several mathematicians to coordinate the subway, bus, and traffic schedules into one timetable. The 10 lines are run by [[Korail]], [[Seoul Metro]] and [[Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation|SMRT]].

==== Train ====
[[Tasvir:KTX in Seongjeongni on 2005-09-05.jpg|thumb|right|[[Korea Train Express|KTX]].]]

Seoul is connected to every major city in Korea by railroad. Seoul is also linked to most major Korean cities by the [[Korea Train Express|KTX]] bullet train which features a normal operation speed of more than 300 km/h, making commuting between cities extremely convenient for commuters and tourists. Major railroad stations include:

* [[Seoul Station]], [[Jung-gu, Seoul|Jung-gu]] — Gyeongbu line ([[KTX]]/[[Saemaul]]/[[Mugunghwa-ho]]), Gyeongui line (Saemaul/[[Commuter]])
* [[Yongsan Station]], [[Yongsan-gu]] — Honam line (KTX/Saemaul/Mugunghwa), Jeolla/Janghang lines (Saemaul/Mugunghwa)
* Yeongdeungpo Station, [[Yeongdeungpo-gu]] — Gyeongbu/Honam/Janghang lines (Saemaul/Mugunghwa)
* [[Cheongnyangni Station (aboveground)|Cheongnyangni Station]], [[Dongdaemun-gu]] — Gyeongchun/Jungang/Yeongdong/Taebaek lines (Mugunghwa)

== Sister cities ==
Seoul has many [[sister city|sister cities]]. The year each relationship was formed is shown in parentheses below.<ref>{{Web manbasi|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|author=Seul Metropolitan Government|title=International Cooperation: Sister Cities}}</ref>
{|
| valign="top" |
* {{flagicon|Republic of China}} [[Taipei]], [[Republic of China]] (1968)
* {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Ankara]], [[Turkey]] (1971)
* {{flagicon|Guam}} [[Guam]], [[United States|U.S.]] territory (1973)
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Honolulu, Hawaii|Honolulu]], [[United States]] (1973)
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]], [[United States]] (1976)
* {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]] (1977)
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Bogotá]], [[Colombia]] (1982)
* {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] (1984)
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] (1988)
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow]], [[Russia]] (1991)
* {{flagicon|Australia}} [[New South Wales|N.S.W.]], [[Australia]]n state (1991)
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], [[France]] (1991)
| valign="top" |
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]], [[People's Republic of China|China]] (1992)
* {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]] (1992)
* {{flagicon|Mongolia}} [[Ulaanbaatar]], [[Mongolia]] (1995)
* {{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Hanoi]], [[Vietnam]] (1996)
* {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]] (1996)
* {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]] (1997)
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Rome]], [[Italy]] (2000)
* {{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Astana]], [[Kazakhstan]] (2004)
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Athens]], [[Greece]] (2006)
* {{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]] (2006)
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Washington, D.C.]], [[United States]] (2006)
* {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Vancouver]],[[Canada]] (2007)
|}
-->

== Havolalar ==
* [http://www.uzbekkorea.com/ UZBEKKOREA.COM: Koreyadagi Oʻzbekistonliklar]
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