Aleksandar II Zabin

Aleksandar II Zabin
Aleksandar Zabin na novcu iz 2. veka p. n. e.
Lični podaci
Puno ime	Aleksandar II Teos Epifan Nićifor
Datum rođenja	oko 150. p. n. e.
Mesto rođenja	Seleukidsko kraljevstvo
Datum smrti	123. p. n. e.
Mesto smrti	Antiohija, Seleukidsko kraljevstvo
Porodica
Roditelji	Aleksandar Balas
Dinastija	Seleukidi
Seleukidski kralj
Period	128. p. n. e. - 123. p. n. e.
Prethodnik	Demetrije II Nikator
Naslednik	Antioh VIII Grip

Aleksandar II Teos Epifan Nićifor (starogrčki: Ἀλέξανδρος θεός Ἐπιφανής Νικηφόρος, poznat i kao Zabin; oko 150. p. n. e. – 123. p. n. e.) je bio kralj helenističkog Seleukidskog kraljevstva od 128. do 123. godine p. n. e.

Biografija

Pitanje Aleksandrovih roditelja u nauci je sporno. Većina antičkih istoričara i modernih naučnika smatra ga Seleukidom, sinom Aleksandra Balasa ili Antioha VII. Njegov nadimak "Zabin" je semitskog porekla i prevodi se kao "kupljen". Moguće da je Aleksandar bio sin Aleksandra Balasa, te njegov nadimak znači "kupljen od boga". Na numizmatičkim nalazima iz vremena Aleksandra predstavljena je vladarska dinastija, počev od Aleksandrovog oca Antioha IV. Aleksandrov uspon bio je moguć zahvaljujući njegovoj pripadnosti dinastiji Seleukida. U prethodnom periodu vođeno je nekoliko građanskih ratova između naslednika Seleuka IV i Antioha IV, koji su bili braća. Situacija se komplikuje mešanjem Ptolemejskog Egipta i orođavanjem dve vladarske dinastije - Seleukida i Ptolemejida. Demetrije II, potomak Seleuka IV, je 128. godine p. n. e. napao Egipat, kako bi pomogao svojoj maćehi Kleopatri II u građanskom ratu protiv njenog brata i muža Ptolemeja VIII. Ptolemej zbog toga podstiče pobune u sirijskim gradovima protiv Demetrija i ističe Aleksandra II, predstavnika Antiohove linije, kao protivkralja. Sa egipatskim trupama, Aleksandar je zauzeo seleukidsku prestonicu Antiohiju 128. godine. Konačno je porazio Demetrija 125. godine p. n. e. Demetrije beži u grad Ptolemeju kod svoje supruge Kleopatre Tee, ali ga ona nije primila. Ubijen je u pokušaju da se domogne Tira.

Nakon pogibije Demetrija, Aleksandar je postao jedini kralj, kontrolišući gotovo čitavu seleukidsku državu, sem malim oblasti u susedstvu sa Ptolemejskim Egiptom, kojima je upravljala Kleopatra Tea. Aleksandar je bio voljen kralj, zbog svoje blage naravi. Održavao je dobre odnose sa svojim susedom Jovanom Hirkanom, hasmonejskim vladarom Judeje. Jovan ga je prihvatao za svog sizerena. Ptolemej, međutim, nije želeo jaku ličnost na sirijskom prestolu. Stoga je 124. godine p. n. e. stvorena alijansa između Egipta i oblasti Kleopatre Tee, koja je sada upravljala zajedno sa sinom Antiohom VIII. Aleksandar je poražen i primoran na beg u Antiohiju. Tamo je opljačkao Zevsov hram, kako bi platio svoje vojnike. Stanovništvo se zbog toga okreće protiv Aleksandra, koji neuspešno pokušava da pobegne. Zarobljen je i ubijen, najverovatnije po naređenju Antioha VIII 123. godine p. n. e. Time je ugašena Antiohova (IV) grana Seleukidske dinastije.

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