Benjamin E. W. Evans,*
Marisa Rodriguez-Carmona,
Emsal Llapashtica,
and John L. Barbur
The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Vision Science, Centre for Applied Vision Research, School of Health and Medical Sciences,City St George’s, University of London, London, UK
Benjamin E. W. Evans, Marisa Rodriguez-Carmona, Emsal Llapashtica, and John L. Barbur, "Color screening outcomes on uncalibrated “home” displays—assessment of variability in sRGB color standard parameters on commercial visual displays," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 42, B289-B295 (2025)
The Color vision screener (CVS) test was evaluated for use on visual displays that support the red green blue (sRGB) color space standard. When used on commercial displays in sRGB color mode, the CVS had a sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence intervals) of 0.55 (0.46–0.64) and 1.00 (0.98–1.00). With calibrated displays, all color-deficient observers failed the CVS, but many of these, some with severe loss, were able to pass the test on 10 separate sRGB displays. The CVS test can only achieve close to 100% sensitivity and specificity on fully calibrated displays.
Benjamin E. W. Evans, Marisa Rodriguez-Carmona, Franziska G. Rauscher, Emsal Llapashtica, Vilhelm F. Koefoed, Focke Ziemssen, Rudolph Nitsche, Alessandro Farini, Elisabetta Baldanzi, Luis Gómez-Robledo, Amanda Douglass, Madeline Baker, Roland Quast, Sabine Roelcke, Steven C. C. Ho, and John L. Barbur J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 42(5) B190-B198 (2025)
The manufacturer and model of the visual displays used in the study.
Data availability
Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.
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(A) sRGB Standard Luminance and CIE x,y Chromaticity Coordinates, and (B) Photopic Luminance of 20 Monitors Used in the First Phase of the Studya
(A)
Reference Measure
L_white (cd/)
W(x,y)
Gamma
sRGB Standard
80
(0.3127, 0.3290)
2.2
(B)
Monitor No.
()
W(x,y)
Gamma
w.r.t. sRGB ()
White Point Chromatic Displacement w.r.t sRGB (CIE x,y)
01
85
(0.287,0.300)
2.1
5
0.039
02
260
(0.321,0.335)
-
180
0.010
03
167
(0.314,0.335)
-
87
0.006
04
41
(0.322,0.344)
-
−39
0.018
05
42
(0.338,0.346)
-
−38
0.031
06
173
(0.308,0.327)
-
93
0.005
07
78
(0.302,0.332)
-
−2
0.011
08
189
(0.339,0.342)
-
109
0.029
09
148
(0.308,0.337)
2.5
68
0.009
10
99
(0.314,0.334)
2.2
19
0.005
11
248
(0.306,0.329)
-
168
0.007
12
82
(0.311,0.329)
2.2
2
0.002
13
126
(0.313,0.333)
2.2
46
0.004
14
258
(0.305,0.332)
-
178
0.008
15
282
(0.312,0.320)
-
202
0.009
16
250
(0.314,0.338)
-
170
0.009
17
236
(0.313,0.330)
-
156
0.001
18
183
(0.315,0.322)
-
103
0.007
19
204
(0.305,0.314)
1.9
124
0.017
20
126
(0.309,0.331)
-
46
0.004
All monitors were set to their “standard” or sRGB setting. The luminance and chromaticity of the display “white” point were measured using a Konica138 CS-2000A telespectroradiometer under the specified sRGB viewing conditions, allowing for comparison to the sRGB standard. Gamma values were only measured for a selection of displays due to resource constraints. The average $\Delta {\rm W}$ in CIE x,y between measurements at the start and the end of the study was ${0.002} \pm {0.001}$.
Table 2.
Outcome of 320 CVS Tests for 32 Participants across 10 Uncalibrated Visual Displays Configured with Their Inbuilt sRGB Color Modea
A) Proportion of Normal Trichromats, Deutans, and Protans Who Pass the CVS Test on sRGB Visual Displays
Visual Display
Type of CVD
N
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Normal
21
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Deutan
8
25%
50%
38%
25%
25%
38%
75%
63%
75%
25%
Protan
3
67%
33%
67%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
67%
67%
Sensitivity
0.64
0.55
0.55
0.73
0.73
0.64
0.36
0.45
0.27
0.64
Specificity
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
B) Proportion of RG CVS Stimuli Correctly Identified by CVD Participants
Age
CAD Thresholds
Visual Display
CVD
(years)
RG
YB
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
DA
21
3.42
0.82
70%
73%
68%
66%
73%
70%
75%
75%
91%
73%
DA
40
6.17
0.92
52%
64%
70%
50%
66%
61%
82%
59%
59%
59%
DA
23
9.65
0.96
82%
82%
84%
75%
89%
82%
84%
89%
84%
84%
D
26
15.85
0.74
91%
95%
98%
98%
100%
95%
100%
98%
95%
98%
D
34
15.95
0.93
66%
89%
75%
70%
73%
80%
77%
84%
86%
86%
DA
22
16.40
1.04
61%
64%
61%
70%
66%
61%
57%
77%
82%
70%
DA
46
23.96
1.00
70%
77%
68%
68%
68%
64%
75%
73%
80%
70%
D
50
26.47
0.98
50%
64%
57%
61%
45%
66%
64%
64%
68%
57%
P
27
19.81
0.82
98%
89%
91%
82%
84%
89%
86%
86%
86%
86%
P
31
20.99
0.89
84%
68%
80%
59%
68%
66%
73%
68%
75%
73%
P
30
28.60
1.62
43%
59%
45%
52%
48%
43%
66%
55%
48%
57%
(A) The proportion of participants with normal color vision, deutan, and protan deficiency who pass the RG component of the CVS on each sRGB display, along with the sensitivity and specificity for each visual display. (B) The proportion of RG stimuli correctly identified by the 11 participants with color vision deficiency, sorted by type of color vision deficiency and red/green (RG) CAD threshold. The type of CVD (DA—deuteranomalous, D—deuteranopic, and P—protanopic) in color-deficient participants was determined by the CAD test and the Nagel anomaloscope, with 100% agreement between both the measures. Bold values indicate cases where participants with confirmed color vision deficiency passed the CVS.
Tables (2)
Table 1.
(A) sRGB Standard Luminance and CIE x,y Chromaticity Coordinates, and (B) Photopic Luminance of 20 Monitors Used in the First Phase of the Studya
(A)
Reference Measure
L_white (cd/)
W(x,y)
Gamma
sRGB Standard
80
(0.3127, 0.3290)
2.2
(B)
Monitor No.
()
W(x,y)
Gamma
w.r.t. sRGB ()
White Point Chromatic Displacement w.r.t sRGB (CIE x,y)
01
85
(0.287,0.300)
2.1
5
0.039
02
260
(0.321,0.335)
-
180
0.010
03
167
(0.314,0.335)
-
87
0.006
04
41
(0.322,0.344)
-
−39
0.018
05
42
(0.338,0.346)
-
−38
0.031
06
173
(0.308,0.327)
-
93
0.005
07
78
(0.302,0.332)
-
−2
0.011
08
189
(0.339,0.342)
-
109
0.029
09
148
(0.308,0.337)
2.5
68
0.009
10
99
(0.314,0.334)
2.2
19
0.005
11
248
(0.306,0.329)
-
168
0.007
12
82
(0.311,0.329)
2.2
2
0.002
13
126
(0.313,0.333)
2.2
46
0.004
14
258
(0.305,0.332)
-
178
0.008
15
282
(0.312,0.320)
-
202
0.009
16
250
(0.314,0.338)
-
170
0.009
17
236
(0.313,0.330)
-
156
0.001
18
183
(0.315,0.322)
-
103
0.007
19
204
(0.305,0.314)
1.9
124
0.017
20
126
(0.309,0.331)
-
46
0.004
All monitors were set to their “standard” or sRGB setting. The luminance and chromaticity of the display “white” point were measured using a Konica138 CS-2000A telespectroradiometer under the specified sRGB viewing conditions, allowing for comparison to the sRGB standard. Gamma values were only measured for a selection of displays due to resource constraints. The average $\Delta {\rm W}$ in CIE x,y between measurements at the start and the end of the study was ${0.002} \pm {0.001}$.
Table 2.
Outcome of 320 CVS Tests for 32 Participants across 10 Uncalibrated Visual Displays Configured with Their Inbuilt sRGB Color Modea
A) Proportion of Normal Trichromats, Deutans, and Protans Who Pass the CVS Test on sRGB Visual Displays
Visual Display
Type of CVD
N
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Normal
21
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Deutan
8
25%
50%
38%
25%
25%
38%
75%
63%
75%
25%
Protan
3
67%
33%
67%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
67%
67%
Sensitivity
0.64
0.55
0.55
0.73
0.73
0.64
0.36
0.45
0.27
0.64
Specificity
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
B) Proportion of RG CVS Stimuli Correctly Identified by CVD Participants
Age
CAD Thresholds
Visual Display
CVD
(years)
RG
YB
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
DA
21
3.42
0.82
70%
73%
68%
66%
73%
70%
75%
75%
91%
73%
DA
40
6.17
0.92
52%
64%
70%
50%
66%
61%
82%
59%
59%
59%
DA
23
9.65
0.96
82%
82%
84%
75%
89%
82%
84%
89%
84%
84%
D
26
15.85
0.74
91%
95%
98%
98%
100%
95%
100%
98%
95%
98%
D
34
15.95
0.93
66%
89%
75%
70%
73%
80%
77%
84%
86%
86%
DA
22
16.40
1.04
61%
64%
61%
70%
66%
61%
57%
77%
82%
70%
DA
46
23.96
1.00
70%
77%
68%
68%
68%
64%
75%
73%
80%
70%
D
50
26.47
0.98
50%
64%
57%
61%
45%
66%
64%
64%
68%
57%
P
27
19.81
0.82
98%
89%
91%
82%
84%
89%
86%
86%
86%
86%
P
31
20.99
0.89
84%
68%
80%
59%
68%
66%
73%
68%
75%
73%
P
30
28.60
1.62
43%
59%
45%
52%
48%
43%
66%
55%
48%
57%
(A) The proportion of participants with normal color vision, deutan, and protan deficiency who pass the RG component of the CVS on each sRGB display, along with the sensitivity and specificity for each visual display. (B) The proportion of RG stimuli correctly identified by the 11 participants with color vision deficiency, sorted by type of color vision deficiency and red/green (RG) CAD threshold. The type of CVD (DA—deuteranomalous, D—deuteranopic, and P—protanopic) in color-deficient participants was determined by the CAD test and the Nagel anomaloscope, with 100% agreement between both the measures. Bold values indicate cases where participants with confirmed color vision deficiency passed the CVS.
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