Alexander III (papa)

Alexander III (nobili loco nomine Rolandus Bandinelli Senae Iuliae anno circiter 1105 natus; Civitate Castellana die 30 Augusti 1181 mortuus), iuris consultus et theologus, fuit episcopus Romanus i.e. papa Eclesiae Catholicae a die 7 Septembris 1159.

Rolandus Bandinelli ius canonicum Bononiae docuit eodem tempore quo Albertus de Morra (papa futurus Gregorius VIII). Scripsit Stroma et Summa Magistri Rolandi, commentarios Decreti Gratiani. Nuper studiosi dubitant eum papamque Alexandrum III sint eandem personam. Mense Octobri 1150, Rolandus Bandinelli Cardinalis Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae a papa Eugenio III creatus est. Illo tempore sententias scripsit. Anno 1153, Rolandus Bandinelli cancellarius pontificius factus est.

Alexander III urbes Italicas (in Societate Lombardorum coniunctas) contra imperatorem Fridericum I sustinuit adeo, ut anno 1168 in Pedemontio novam urbem condita sit, cuius incolae nomen Alexandriam ad eius honorem dederunt. Eis annis tres antipapas Fridericus erigere curavit, scilicet Victorem, Calixtum et Innocentium. Die 24 Iulii 1177, Venetiae Fridericus I Barbarossa imperator et papa Alexander III tamen pacem inter se conciliaverunt. Anno 1179, Alexander III Concilium Lateranense Tertium convocavit.

Sub anno 1181 Helinandus in Chronicis mortem Alexandri refert, de quo anecdoton inserit:

Obiit Alexander III papa centesimus septuagesimus quintus. Qui cum aliquando a quodam appellaretur bonus papa, respondit: "Bonus papa essem, si scirem praedicare, iudicare, et poenitentiam dare."^[1]

Fontes de vita et pontificatu Alexandri III

Boso, "Vita Alexandri III" (e Libro Pontificali)

Notae

↑ Helinandus, Chronica lib. 49 anno 1183

Bibliographia

Editiones operum et documentorum

Iacobus Paulus Migne, ed., Patrologia Latina (Lutetiae, 1844-1855) vol. 200: Alexandri III Romani pontificis opera omnia Textus apud archive.org
H. Boehmer, "Carmina ad schisma Alexandrinum pertinentia" in Monumenta Germaniae historica ~ Libelli de lite vol. 3 (1897) pp. 547-554

Historica et biographica

M. W. Baldwin, Alexander III and the Twelfth Century. Glen Rock, 1968
F. Barlow, "The English, Norman and French Councils Called to Deal with the Papal Schism of 1159" in English Historical Review vol. 51 (1936)
Mary G. Cheney, "The Recognition of Pope Alexander III" in English Historical Review vol. 84 (1969)
Anne J. Duggan, "Henry II, the English Church and the Papacy, 1154-1176" in Christopher Harper-Bill, Nicholas Vincent, edd., Henry II: new interpretations (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2007. ISBN 978-1-84383-340-6) pp. 154-183
Horace K. Mann, The Lives of the Popes in the Middle Ages vol. 10: 1159-1198. 2a ed. London: Kegan Paul, 1925 Textus apud archive.org
W. Ohnsorge, Die Legaten Alexanders III. im ersten Jahrzehnt seines Pontifikats. Berolini, 1928
Marcel Pacaut, Alexandre III: étude sur la conception du pouvoir pontifical dans sa pensée et dans son œuvre. Lutetiae: Vrin, 1956
H. Reuter, Geschichte Alexanders III. und der Kirche seiner Zeit. Lipsiae, 1860-1864. 3 voll. 2a ed. (Vol. 1 apud Google Books) vol. 2 apud archive.org (Vol. 3 apud Google Books)
I. S. Robinson, The Papacy, 1073–1198: Continuity and Innovation. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 1990
John G. Rowe, "Alexander III and the Jerusalem Crusade: an overview of problems and failures" in Maya Shatzmiller, ed., Crusaders and Muslims in Twelfth-Century Syria (Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 1993. ISBN 90-04-09777-5) pp. 112-132 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)

Aliae encyclopaediae

Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz, "ALEXANDER III., Papst" in Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon vol. 1 (Hammonae, 1975; reimpr. 1990. ISBN 3-88309-013-1) , columnae 101–102 (Theodisce)
Paolo Brezzi, Andrea Piazza, "Alessandro III" in Enciclopedia dei Papi (Romae: Treccani, 2000)
Pope Alexander III in The Catholic Encyclopedia: an international work of reference (Novi Eboraci: Appleton, 1907–1914) (Anglice)
Kenneth Pennington, "Pope Alexander III" in Frank J. Coppa, ed., The Great Popes through History: an encyclopedia (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002) vol. 1 pp. 113-122

Nexus interni

Vita Alexandri III Papae, series picturarum muralium a Spinello Aretino confecta

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Alexandrum III spectant.

"Bandinelli, Can. Reg. Lateranense, Rolando" e The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church (situs a Salvatore Miranda elaboratus apud Bibliothecas FIU) (Anglice)
"Alexander III (1159-1181)" e The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church (situs a Salvatore Miranda elaboratus apud Bibliothecas FIU) (Anglice)
John Paul Adams, "Sede Vacante 1159" et Documenta
John Paul Adams, "Sede Vacante 1181"

Series Paparum

	Innocentius III Pius IX
Petrus • Linus • Anacletus • Clemens I • Evaristus • Alexander I • Sixtus I • Telesphorus • Hyginus • Pius I • Anicetus • Soterius • Eleutherius • Victor I • Zephyrinus • Callistus I • Urbanus I • Pontianus • Anterus • Fabianus • Cornelius • Lucius I • Stephanus I • Sixtus II • Dionysius • Felix I • Eutychianus • Caius • Marcellinus • Marcellus I • Eusebius • Miltiades • Silvester I • Marcus • Iulius I • Liberius • Damasus I • Siricius • Anastasius I • Innocentius I • Zosimus • Bonifacius I • Caelestinus I • Sixtus III • Leo I • Hilarius • Simplicius • Felix III • Gelasius I • Anastasius II • Symmachus • Hormisdas • Ioannes I • Felix IV • Bonifacius II • Ioannes II • Agapetus I • Silverius • Vigilius • Pelagius I • Ioannes III • Benedictus I • Pelagius II • Gregorius I • Sabinianus • Bonifacius III • Bonifacius IV • Adeodatus I • Bonifacius V • Honorius I • Severinus • Ioannes IV • Theodorus I • Martinus I • Eugenius I • Vitalianus • Adeodatus II • Donus • Agatho • Leo II • Benedictus II • Ioannes V • Conon • Sergius I • Ioannes VI • Ioannes VII • Sisinnius • Constantinus • Gregorius II • Gregorius III • Zacharias • Stephanus II • Stephanus III • Paulus I • Stephanus IV • Hadrianus I • Leo III • Stephanus V • Paschalis I • Eugenius II • Valentinus • Gregorius IV • Sergius II • Leo IV • Benedictus III • Nicolaus I • Hadrianus II • Ioannes VIII • Marinus I • Hadrianus III • Stephanus VI • Formosus • Bonifacius VI • Stephanus VII • Romanus • Theodorus II • Ioannes IX • Benedictus IV • Leo V • Sergius III • Anastasius III • Lando • Ioannes X • Leo VI • Stephanus VIII • Ioannes XI • Leo VII • Stephanus IX • Marinus II • Agapetus II • Ioannes XII • Leo VIII • Benedictus V • Ioannes XIII • Benedictus VI • Benedictus VII • Ioannes XIV • Ioannes XV • Gregorius V • Silvester II • Ioannes XVII • Ioannes XVIII • Sergius IV • Benedictus VIII • Ioannes XIX • Benedictus IX • Silvester III • Benedictus IX • Gregorius VI • Clemens II • Benedictus IX • Damasus II • Leo IX • Victor II • Stephanus X • Nicolaus II • Alexander II • Gregorius VII • Victor III • Urbanus II • Paschalis II • Gelasius II • Callistus II • Honorius II • Innocentius II • Caelestinus II • Lucius II • Eugenius III • Anastasius IV • Hadrianus IV • Alexander III • Lucius III • Urbanus III • Gregorius VIII • Clemens III • Caelestinus III • Innocentius III • Honorius III • Gregorius IX • Caelestinus IV • Innocentius IV • Alexander IV • Urbanus IV • Clemens IV • Gregorius X • Innocentius V • Hadrianus V • Ioannes XXI • Nicolaus III • Martinus IV • Honorius IV • Nicolaus IV • Caelestinus V • Bonifacius VIII • Benedictus XI • Clemens V • Ioannes XXII • Benedictus XII • Clemens VI • Innocentius VI • Urbanus V • Gregorius XI • Urbanus VI • Bonifacius IX • Innocentius VII • Gregorius XII • Martinus V • Eugenius IV • Nicolaus V • Callistus III • Pius II • Paulus II • Sixtus IV • Innocentius VIII • Alexander VI • Pius III • Iulius II • Leo X • Hadrianus VI • Clemens VII • Paulus III • Iulius III • Marcellus II • Paulus IV • Pius IV • Pius V • Gregorius XIII • Sixtus V • Urbanus VII • Gregorius XIV • Innocentius IX • Clemens VIII • Leo XI • Paulus V • Gregorius XV • Urbanus VIII • Innocentius X • Alexander VII • Clemens IX • Clemens X • Innocentius XI • Alexander VIII • Innocentius XII • Clemens XI • Innocentius XIII • Benedictus XIII • Clemens XII • Benedictus XIV • Clemens XIII • Clemens XIV • Pius VI • Pius VII • Leo XII • Pius VIII • Gregorius XVI • Pius IX • Leo XIII • Pius X • Benedictus XV • Pius XI • Pius XII • Ioannes XXIII • Paulus VI • Ioannes Paulus I • Ioannes Paulus II • Benedictus XVI • Franciscus

[1] Helinandus, Chronica lib. 49 anno 1183

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