Martin Luther King
Martin Luther King Jr. (Yarayu daga January 15, 1929 zuwa Aprilu 4, 1968) yakasance Baptist ne, minista kuma activist wanda yazama mafi shahara kuma shugaba a civil rights movement daga 1954 har zuwa sanda aka kashe shi a Shekara ta 1968. An haife shi a garin Atlanta, King ya shahare ne akan neman civil rights ta hanyar nonviolence da kuma dabarun civil disobedience, na irin imaninsa da addinin Christian da kuma irin nonviolent din Mahatma Gandhi da taimakawa da wayar da Kai.
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King ya jagoranci 1955 Montgomery bus boycott sannan kuma a 1957 yazama shugaba na farko wato president na Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Tare da SCLC, ya jagoranta 1962 struggle against segregation a Albany, Georgia amma basuyi nasara ba, kuma ya taimaka wurin shirya zanga-zangar nonviolent 1963 a garin Birmingham dake jihar Alabama. Ya kuma taimaka dai da shirya March on Washington na shekarar 1963, anan ne yayi shahararriyar jawabinsa na "I Have a Dream".
A watan October 14, 1964, King ya karbi Nobel Peace Prize don't ya canja racial inequality ta hanyar nonviolent resistance. A 1965, ya taimaka shirya Selma to Montgomery marches. Kuma a shekara data biyo, dashi da SCLC sun tafi da tafiyar Arewa da Chicago dan yin aiki a gidajen da aka rarraba. A karshen shekarunsa, ya fadada hangensa da zata hada da yan'adawa domin dubi kan poverty da kuma Yakin Vietnam. Ya hada liberal abokansa da jawabin 1967 da aka mata suna da "Beyond Vietnam". J. Edgar Hoover considered him a radical and made him an object of the FBI's COINTELPRO tun daga 1963. Ma'aikatan FBI suka fara bincikansa ko yana iya hada kai da communist, suka binciko ayyukansa na hulda extramarital liaisons suka kai was jami'an gwamnati, kuma suka aika masa da sako a threatening anonymous letter, wanda ya danganta cewar anyi ne dan asa shi ya kashe kansa.
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A 1968, King ya shirya taron mamaye Washington, D.C., da aka kira Poor People's Campaign, asanda aka kashe shi assassinated a April 4 a Memphis, Tennessee. Mutuwarsa yasa biyo wan riots in many U.S. cities. Da zargin cewa James Earl Ray, mutumin da aka kama da hannun kashe King, kuma aka daure shi, cewar yayi hakan ne saboda wasu jami'an gwamnati, anci gaba da zanga-zangar na tsawon shekaru tun da aka kashe shi. An daure mutum a gidan kaso na tsawon shekaru 99 domin kisan King da yayi, wanda hakan dai dauri ne na rai- da rai tunda ya riga yaki shekaru 41 a sanda yayi kisan. Ray yayi shekaru 29 acikin daurinsa sannan ya mutu sanadiyar cutar hepatitis a 1998 a gidan jaru.
Bayar mutuwarsa King yasamu kyautar Presidential Medal of Freedom da na Congressional Gold Medal. An kuma kirkira ranar Martin Luther King Jr. Day amatsayin ranar hutu a yawancin birane da jihohi a kasar Tarayyar Amurka a farkon 1971; an samar da hutu a matakin tarayya daga dokokin da Shugaban kasar wato Ronald Reagan yasa was hannu a 1986. daru-ruwan layuka a Tarayyar Amurka ne akaiwa sunaye da sunan sa da girmama shi, da kuma county a Washington State itama anfi ta ne saboda shi. Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial dake a National Mall a Washington, D.C, itama an jingina gare shi ne a shekarar 2011.