From 9b4892521556c7735bf4a5fca553723965de2a67 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: yasoob <yasoob.khld@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Sep 2019 22:34:30 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 01/30] updated link to internship search 2020

---
 _templates/breadcrumbs.html | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
index 4992447..7ab55d2 100644
--- a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
+++ b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@
 
   <div class="admonition note">
     <p class="first notice admonition-title" style="background: #e45959;">Note</p>
-    <p>Hi! My name is Yasoob. I am the author of this book. I regularly write Python posts on <a href="https://pythontips.com">Python Tips</a>. Everything else finds its way to my <a href="https://yasoob.me">personal blog</a>. I would love it if you can give them a read. I also announce my new projects there :)</p> 
-
+    <p>Hi! My name is <a href="https://yasoob.me">Yasoob</a>. I am the author of this book. Last year you guys helped me find an internship. I am asking for your help again to find an amazing internship for summer 2020. Please read <a href="https://pythontips.com/2019/09/17/looking-for-an-internship-for-summer-2020/">this article</a> to find the details. Thanks! ♥️</p> 
   </div>
 
   <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">

From f272f5bb762f69971cb22da9090feebe480e332e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: yasoob <yasoob.khld@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Sep 2019 22:54:32 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 02/30] added bitly url

---
 _templates/breadcrumbs.html | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
index 7ab55d2..daae4c7 100644
--- a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
+++ b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 
   <div class="admonition note">
     <p class="first notice admonition-title" style="background: #e45959;">Note</p>
-    <p>Hi! My name is <a href="https://yasoob.me">Yasoob</a>. I am the author of this book. Last year you guys helped me find an internship. I am asking for your help again to find an amazing internship for summer 2020. Please read <a href="https://pythontips.com/2019/09/17/looking-for-an-internship-for-summer-2020/">this article</a> to find the details. Thanks! ♥️</p> 
+    <p>Hi! My name is <a href="https://yasoob.me">Yasoob</a>. I am the author of this book. Last year you guys helped me find an internship. I am asking for your help again to find an amazing internship for summer 2020. Please read <a href="http://bit.ly/internS2020">this article</a> to find the details. Thanks! ♥️</p> 
   </div>
 
   <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">

From aa4543c7fd6eb71a8b1059ee4d2b19a2767a981a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: yasoob <yasoob.khld@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Sep 2019 23:38:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 03/30] changed the breadcrumb text slightly

---
 _templates/breadcrumbs.html | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
index daae4c7..952fb30 100644
--- a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
+++ b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 
   <div class="admonition note">
     <p class="first notice admonition-title" style="background: #e45959;">Note</p>
-    <p>Hi! My name is <a href="https://yasoob.me">Yasoob</a>. I am the author of this book. Last year you guys helped me find an internship. I am asking for your help again to find an amazing internship for summer 2020. Please read <a href="http://bit.ly/internS2020">this article</a> to find the details. Thanks! ♥️</p> 
+    <p>Hi! My name is <a href="https://yasoob.me">Yasoob</a>. I am the author of this book. Last year you guys helped me find an internship. I am asking for your help again to find an amazing internship for summer 2020. If you work at an amazing company and can help me, please read <a href="http://bit.ly/internS2020">this article</a> to find the details. Thanks!</p>
   </div>
 
   <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">

From 5a4f9743f7631f3873c890f51cc7f183cab50926 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Dayton <jdayton3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2019 10:54:19 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 04/30] Add missing period (#199)

---
 decorators.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/decorators.rst b/decorators.rst
index 1b83032..40f53ac 100644
--- a/decorators.rst
+++ b/decorators.rst
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ Come to think of it, isn't ``@wraps`` also a decorator?  But, it takes an
 argument like any normal function can do.  So, why can't we do that too?
 
 This is because when you use the ``@my_decorator`` syntax, you are
-applying a wrapper function with a single function as a parameter
+applying a wrapper function with a single function as a parameter.
 Remember, everything in Python is an object, and this includes
 functions!  With that in mind, we can write a function that returns
 a wrapper function.

From f2159f79981d5831a6f24eb26d7ac9abae94e296 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Floris Lambrechts <florisla@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2019 17:56:38 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 05/30] Improve wording in paragraph about StopIteration (#196)

"wondering that why" does not sound fluid.

Also, using the word 'while' in a sentence about a `for` loop may be confusing.
---
 generators.rst | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/generators.rst b/generators.rst
index dd983c3..23cd1b0 100644
--- a/generators.rst
+++ b/generators.rst
@@ -134,10 +134,10 @@ element of a sequence. So let's test out our understanding:
 
 As we can see that after yielding all the values ``next()`` caused a
 ``StopIteration`` error. Basically this error informs us that all the
-values have been yielded. You might be wondering that why don't we get
-this error while using a ``for`` loop? Well the answer is simple. The
+values have been yielded. You might be wondering why we don't get
+this error when using a ``for`` loop? Well the answer is simple. The
 ``for`` loop automatically catches this error and stops calling
-``next``. Do you know that a few built-in data types in Python also
+``next``. Did you know that a few built-in data types in Python also
 support iteration? Let's check it out:
 
 .. code:: python

From a8834dec1ec4d8602cd94bfb4e32fce236a471c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Libbey <libbeyheld@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2019 09:58:05 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 06/30] Add func call to Nesting a Decorator Within a Function
 (#192)

'Nesting a Decorator Within a Function' code does not ever actually call the func,
so this commit adds execution and returns the wrapped function result when tagged with decorator.
---
 decorators.rst | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/decorators.rst b/decorators.rst
index 40f53ac..3389728 100644
--- a/decorators.rst
+++ b/decorators.rst
@@ -354,6 +354,7 @@ us specify a logfile to output to.
                 with open(logfile, 'a') as opened_file:
                     # Now we log to the specified logfile
                     opened_file.write(log_string + '\n')
+                return func(*args, **kwargs)
             return wrapped_function
         return logging_decorator
 

From a61e0c9b80acde5a83f3165ffac8d8ae42827a16 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chandler Zuo <chandlerzuo@fb.com>
Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2019 11:58:51 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/30] Fix the contextmanager example (#190)

See https://docs.python.org/3/library/contextlib.html#contextlib.contextmanager
---
 context_managers.rst | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/context_managers.rst b/context_managers.rst
index 79d944f..fcff411 100644
--- a/context_managers.rst
+++ b/context_managers.rst
@@ -153,8 +153,10 @@ Let's see a basic, useless example:
     @contextmanager
     def open_file(name):
         f = open(name, 'w')
-        yield f
-        f.close()
+        try:
+            yield f
+        finally:
+            f.close()
 
 Okay! This way of implementing Context Managers appear to be more
 intuitive and easy. However, this method requires some knowledge about

From 4a7296b6cc8a6b6387191ec84a2565a7ac6e0b59 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?M=2EYasoob=20Ullah=20Khalid=20=E2=98=BA?=
 <yasoob.khld@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2019 18:06:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 08/30] added breakpoint. closes #195 (#200)

---
 debugging.rst | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/debugging.rst b/debugging.rst
index 58af25a..678d690 100644
--- a/debugging.rst
+++ b/debugging.rst
@@ -58,3 +58,7 @@ function.
 These are just a few commands. ``pdb`` also supports post mortem. It is
 also a really handy function. I would highly suggest you to look at the
 official documentation and learn more about it.
+
+**Note:**
+
+It might seem unintuitive to use `pdb.set_trace()` if you are new to this. Fortunately, if you are using Python 3.7+ then you can simply use the `breakpoint()` [built-in function](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#breakpoint). It automatically imports `pdb` and calls `pdb.set_trace()`.
\ No newline at end of file

From e5fbf503b75c0881a309bd26dc7e40a3ed77c2d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?M=2EYasoob=20Ullah=20Khalid=20=E2=98=BA?=
 <yasoob.khld@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 19 May 2020 17:48:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/30] Got the internship <3

---
 _templates/breadcrumbs.html | 5 -----
 1 file changed, 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
index 952fb30..a988ecd 100644
--- a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
+++ b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
@@ -26,11 +26,6 @@
 
 <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
 
-  <div class="admonition note">
-    <p class="first notice admonition-title" style="background: #e45959;">Note</p>
-    <p>Hi! My name is <a href="https://yasoob.me">Yasoob</a>. I am the author of this book. Last year you guys helped me find an internship. I am asking for your help again to find an amazing internship for summer 2020. If you work at an amazing company and can help me, please read <a href="http://bit.ly/internS2020">this article</a> to find the details. Thanks!</p>
-  </div>
-
   <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
     {% block breadcrumbs %}
       <li><a href="{{ pathto(master_doc) }}">{{ _('Docs') }}</a> &raquo;</li>

From 42577eec02e7a356bb923c6980f819248526660a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kasonnara <stanislas.deneuville@inpt.fr>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2020 08:25:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 10/30] Add additional example to ShortHand Ternary (#205)

Add a more common use case (in my experience) of 'None or something'
---
 ternary_operators.rst | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)

diff --git a/ternary_operators.rst b/ternary_operators.rst
index 7e7dec2..18b35c6 100644
--- a/ternary_operators.rst
+++ b/ternary_operators.rst
@@ -100,4 +100,14 @@ This is helpful in case where you quickly want to check for the output of a func
     >>> print(msg)
     No data returned
 
+Or as a simple way to define function parameters with dynamic default values:
 
+.. code:: python
+
+    >>> def my_function(real_name, optional_display_name=None):
+    >>>     optional_display_name = optional_display_name or real_name
+    >>>     print(optional_display_name)
+    >>> my_function("John")
+    John
+    >>> my_function("Mike", "anonymous123")
+    anonymous123

From 69d90864f9080e8771abe56874886bde2dfd2cd0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mike Morearty <mike@morearty.com>
Date: Tue, 19 May 2020 23:25:58 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 11/30] Grammar: Change "it's" to "its" in some places (#203)

* Use "it's" for "it is"
* Use "its" for the possessive
---
 classes.rst            | 2 +-
 context_managers.rst   | 2 +-
 python_c_extension.rst | 6 +++---
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/classes.rst b/classes.rst
index 4d45cf2..9485307 100644
--- a/classes.rst
+++ b/classes.rst
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ its ``__init__`` method is called. For example:
     # called
 
 You can see that ``__init__`` is called immediately after an instance is
-created. You can also pass arguments to the class during it's
+created. You can also pass arguments to the class during its
 initialization. Like this:
 
 .. code:: python
diff --git a/context_managers.rst b/context_managers.rst
index fcff411..5a0f9d0 100644
--- a/context_managers.rst
+++ b/context_managers.rst
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ Let's dissect this method a little.
 1. Python encounters the ``yield`` keyword. Due to this it creates a
    generator instead of a normal function.
 2. Due to the decoration, contextmanager is called with the function
-   name (``open_file``) as it's argument.
+   name (``open_file``) as its argument.
 3. The ``contextmanager`` decorator returns the generator wrapped by the
    ``GeneratorContextManager`` object.
 4. The ``GeneratorContextManager`` is assigned to the ``open_file``
diff --git a/python_c_extension.rst b/python_c_extension.rst
index 368d60b..5f49c3b 100644
--- a/python_c_extension.rst
+++ b/python_c_extension.rst
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ implementation is the ease of interfacing C code to Python.
 
 There are three key methods developers use to call C functions from
 their python code - ``ctypes``, ``SWIG`` and ``Python/C API``. Each
-method comes with it's own merits and demerits.
+method comes with its own merits and demerits.
 
 Firstly, why would you want to interface C with Python?
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ Python/C API
 ---------------
 
 The `C/Python API <https://docs.python.org/2/c-api/>`__ is probably the
-most widely used method - not for it's simplicity but for the fact that
+most widely used method - not for its simplicity but for the fact that
 you can manipulate python objects in your C code.
 
 This method requires your C code to be specifically written for
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ the addList module is not written in Python at all, but rather in C.
 Next we'll have a look at the C code that get's built into the
 ``addList`` Python module. This may seem a bit daunting at first, but
 once you understand the various components that go into writing the C
-file, it's pretty straight forward.
+file, it's pretty straightforward.
 
 *adder.c*
 

From d26d4b5dc7886cfa0715de9bf0ec8be567f7860e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Loftus <alexloftus2004@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2020 02:26:46 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 12/30] Update debugging.rst (#201)

grammar fixes
---
 debugging.rst | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/debugging.rst b/debugging.rst
index 678d690..5e591f8 100644
--- a/debugging.rst
+++ b/debugging.rst
@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@ Debugging
 ---------
 
 Debugging is also something which once mastered can greatly enhance your
-bug hunting skills. Most of the newcomers neglect the importance of the
+bug hunting skills. Most newcomers neglect the importance of the
 Python debugger (``pdb``). In this section I am going to tell you only a
 few important commands. You can learn more about it from the official
 documentation.
 
-**Running from commandline**
+**Running from the command line**
 
-You can run a script from the commandline using the Python debugger.
+You can run a script from the command line using the Python debugger.
 Here is an example:
 
 .. code:: python
@@ -61,4 +61,4 @@ official documentation and learn more about it.
 
 **Note:**
 
-It might seem unintuitive to use `pdb.set_trace()` if you are new to this. Fortunately, if you are using Python 3.7+ then you can simply use the `breakpoint()` [built-in function](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#breakpoint). It automatically imports `pdb` and calls `pdb.set_trace()`.
\ No newline at end of file
+It might seem unintuitive to use `pdb.set_trace()` if you are new to this. Fortunately, if you are using Python 3.7+ then you can simply use the `breakpoint()` [built-in function](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#breakpoint). It automatically imports `pdb` and calls `pdb.set_trace()`.

From 490477d93df85fbd5b3c739bc00d09a6e432f51e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason Chen <33189757+LeChn@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Jun 2020 14:10:11 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 13/30] capitalization correction for Counter title (#206)

* Update collections.rst

* parallel sorting bug fix

Python 3 zip object no longer supports .sort()
AttributeError: 'zip' object has no attribute 'sort'

Changed to sorted to be forward compatible
---
 collections.rst | 4 ++--
 lambdas.rst     | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/collections.rst b/collections.rst
index af0aa5c..f668ca6 100644
--- a/collections.rst
+++ b/collections.rst
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ The ones which we will talk about are:
 
 -  ``defaultdict``
 -  ``OrderedDict``
--  ``counter``
+-  ``Counter``
 -  ``deque``
 -  ``namedtuple``
 -  ``enum.Enum`` (outside of the module; Python 3.4+)
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ the end of the dictionary.
     #   Blue 160
     # Insertion order is preserved
 
-``counter``
+``Counter``
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 Counter allows us to count the occurrences of a particular item. For
diff --git a/lambdas.rst b/lambdas.rst
index 73328b8..756e260 100644
--- a/lambdas.rst
+++ b/lambdas.rst
@@ -39,5 +39,5 @@ they are used in the wild:
 .. code:: python
 
     data = zip(list1, list2)
-    data.sort()
+    data = sorted(data)
     list1, list2 = map(lambda t: list(t), zip(*data))

From 05af1fb7b09d978b9ef96e0e1e01a24ad75e4b34 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "cursospython.com" <65613862+cursospython@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2020 20:36:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 14/30] Added link to Spanish translation (#207)

---
 README.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 043cba4..b4205fe 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ If you want to translate this book in any other language then kindly let [me kno
 - [Russian](https://github.com/lancelote/interpy-ru)
 - [Korean](https://github.com/DDanggle/interpy-kr)
 - [Portuguese](https://github.com/joanasouza/intermediatePython)
+- [Spanish](https://github.com/cursospython/LibroPython)
 
 License:
 -------

From 5360f3327b7e3998bd27586e58a2534618acef8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: yasoob <yasoob.khld@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 6 Jun 2020 08:30:52 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 15/30] setting up custom privacy conscious analytics service

---
 _templates/breadcrumbs.html | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
index a988ecd..a110d90 100644
--- a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
+++ b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
@@ -80,3 +80,5 @@
   {% endif %}
   <hr/>
 </div>
+ <noscript><img src="https://compute.yasoob.me/ingress/b33ddefe-68f4-446f-9f07-a61af1b1103b/pixel.gif"></noscript> 
+ <script src="https://compute.yasoob.me/ingress/b33ddefe-68f4-446f-9f07-a61af1b1103b/script.js"></script>

From 6d28d4f4e5d02811f29f6ae99a6d2d71d4e3874e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pablo Navarro <pablo@alloy.ai>
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2020 15:06:12 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 16/30] Update ternary_operators.rst (#208)

Fix the blueprint for the ternary operator
---
 ternary_operators.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/ternary_operators.rst b/ternary_operators.rst
index 18b35c6..6f9cbbc 100644
--- a/ternary_operators.rst
+++ b/ternary_operators.rst
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ expressions.
 
 .. code:: python
 
-    condition_if_true if condition else condition_if_false
+    value_if_true if condition else value_if_false
 
 **Example:**
 

From 6ed9f4542e2ec28343ac21932132c322f3af400a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yasoob <yasoob.khld@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 11 Jun 2020 16:14:39 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 17/30] removed shynet. Too many fake views

---
 _templates/breadcrumbs.html | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
index a110d90..a988ecd 100644
--- a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
+++ b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
@@ -80,5 +80,3 @@
   {% endif %}
   <hr/>
 </div>
- <noscript><img src="https://compute.yasoob.me/ingress/b33ddefe-68f4-446f-9f07-a61af1b1103b/pixel.gif"></noscript> 
- <script src="https://compute.yasoob.me/ingress/b33ddefe-68f4-446f-9f07-a61af1b1103b/script.js"></script>

From 23f165f7fcb0c28c8dffc94b18b79a9611b122bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yasoob <yasoob.khld@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 11 Jun 2020 16:26:20 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 18/30] maybe plausible analytics works better?

---
 _templates/breadcrumbs.html | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
index a988ecd..247493d 100644
--- a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
+++ b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
@@ -79,4 +79,5 @@
   </div>
   {% endif %}
   <hr/>
+  <script async defer data-domain="book.pythontips.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script>
 </div>

From e7bbb9bbe26cc9076bdb5201c1c5c5f338b70479 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steven Xu <30362574+stevestar888@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2020 23:51:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 19/30] grammar: add an apostrophe (#209)

---
 args_and_kwargs.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/args_and_kwargs.rst b/args_and_kwargs.rst
index 544742e..34b4758 100644
--- a/args_and_kwargs.rst
+++ b/args_and_kwargs.rst
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ figuring out the \*args and \*\*kwargs magic variables. So what are they
 ? First of all let me tell you that it is not necessary to write \*args
 or \*\*kwargs. Only the ``*`` (asterisk) is necessary. You could have
 also written \*var and \*\*vars. Writing \*args and \*\*kwargs is just a
-convention. So now lets take a look at \*args first.
+convention. So now let's take a look at \*args first.
 
 Usage of \*args
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

From a4d1ec1b1a2c979ca71fdff9ab50cb4fb48d1bfc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steven Xu <30362574+stevestar888@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 4 Jul 2020 20:08:37 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 20/30] add output for first example (#211)

---
 enumerate.rst | 21 ++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/enumerate.rst b/enumerate.rst
index 277b679..e765ed5 100644
--- a/enumerate.rst
+++ b/enumerate.rst
@@ -7,12 +7,19 @@ advanced programmers are unaware of it. It allows us to loop over
 something and have an automatic counter. Here is an example:
 
 .. code:: python
+    
+    my_list = ['apple', 'banana', 'grapes', 'pear']
+    for counter, value in enumerate(my_list):
+        print counter, value
 
-    for counter, value in enumerate(some_list):
-        print(counter, value)
+    # Output:
+    # 0 apple
+    # 1 banana
+    # 2 grapes
+    # 3 pear
 
-And there is more! ``enumerate`` also accepts an optional argument which
-makes it even more useful.
+And there is more! ``enumerate`` also accepts an optional argument that
+allows us to specify the starting index of the counter.
 
 .. code:: python
 
@@ -26,9 +33,9 @@ makes it even more useful.
     # 3 grapes
     # 4 pear
 
-The optional argument allows us to tell ``enumerate`` from where to
-start the index. You can also create tuples containing the index and
-list item using a list. Here is an example:
+An example of where the optional argument of ``enumerate``comes in handy
+is creating tuples containing the index and list item using a list. Here 
+is an example:
 
 .. code:: python
 

From 1593256bcd5b4d0f7ced67460b2906475a2fc31f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steven Xu <30362574+stevestar888@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Jul 2020 13:55:59 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 21/30] make exception execution more specific (#212)

---
 exceptions.rst | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/exceptions.rst b/exceptions.rst
index d6fae82..abdb571 100644
--- a/exceptions.rst
+++ b/exceptions.rst
@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@ Exception handling is an art which once you master grants you immense
 powers. I am going to show you some of the ways in which we can handle
 exceptions.
 
-In basic terminology we are aware of ``try/except`` clause. The code
-which can cause an exception to occur is put in the ``try`` block and
+In basic terminology we are aware of the ``try/except`` structure. The code
+that can cause an exception to occur is put in the ``try`` block and
 the handling of the exception is implemented in the ``except`` block.
+The code in the ``except`` block will only execute if the ``try`` block
+runs into an exception.
 Here is a simple example:
 
 .. code:: python

From 7ca139de480aaee0fedb8df3e3a533b7ded37eb4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?M=2EYasoob=20Ullah=20Khalid=20=E2=98=BA?=
 <yasoob.khld@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 11 Jul 2020 14:24:46 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 22/30] Removed Plausible

---
 _templates/breadcrumbs.html | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
index 247493d..a988ecd 100644
--- a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
+++ b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
@@ -79,5 +79,4 @@
   </div>
   {% endif %}
   <hr/>
-  <script async defer data-domain="book.pythontips.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script>
 </div>

From 2002172addd3cdf3be5b39514783b3a617b2de50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: oliverkoo <oliver.koo@uber.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2020 14:40:21 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 23/30] Update enumerate.rst (#214)

add missing space
---
 enumerate.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/enumerate.rst b/enumerate.rst
index e765ed5..3bcd2f6 100644
--- a/enumerate.rst
+++ b/enumerate.rst
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ allows us to specify the starting index of the counter.
     # 3 grapes
     # 4 pear
 
-An example of where the optional argument of ``enumerate``comes in handy
+An example of where the optional argument of ``enumerate`` comes in handy
 is creating tuples containing the index and list item using a list. Here 
 is an example:
 

From 42fec672382bc4e05d81559f6031671b1e617dee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steven Xu <30362574+stevestar888@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Jul 2020 19:43:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 24/30] changed wording on *args (#210)

* changed wording

* Update args_and_kwargs.rst
---
 args_and_kwargs.rst | 13 ++++++-------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/args_and_kwargs.rst b/args_and_kwargs.rst
index 34b4758..85ed174 100644
--- a/args_and_kwargs.rst
+++ b/args_and_kwargs.rst
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 I have come to see that most new python programmers have a hard time
 figuring out the \*args and \*\*kwargs magic variables. So what are they
-? First of all let me tell you that it is not necessary to write \*args
+? First of all, let me tell you that it is not necessary to write \*args
 or \*\*kwargs. Only the ``*`` (asterisk) is necessary. You could have
 also written \*var and \*\*vars. Writing \*args and \*\*kwargs is just a
 convention. So now let's take a look at \*args first.
@@ -12,12 +12,11 @@ Usage of \*args
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 \*args and \*\*kwargs are mostly used in function definitions. \*args
-and \*\*kwargs allow you to pass a variable number of arguments to a
-function. What variable means here is that you do not know beforehand
-how many arguments can be passed to your function by the user
-so in this case you use these two keywords. \*args is used to send a
-**non-keyworded** variable length argument list to the function. Here's
-an example to help you get a clear idea:
+and \*\*kwargs allow you to pass an unspecified number of arguments to a
+function, so when writing the function definition, you do not need to
+know how many arguments will be passed to your function. \*args is used to
+send a **non-keyworded** variable length argument list to the function. 
+Here's an example to help you get a clear idea:
 
 .. code:: python
 

From 219193a04c9d3fa52a5926467776c4ec47a5e204 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steven Xu <30362574+stevestar888@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Jul 2020 19:44:07 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 25/30] add details about catching all exceptions (#213)

* add details about catching all exceptions

* Small grammar/wording changes
---
 exceptions.rst | 12 ++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/exceptions.rst b/exceptions.rst
index abdb571..ebeb0d5 100644
--- a/exceptions.rst
+++ b/exceptions.rst
@@ -62,8 +62,16 @@ trapping ALL exceptions:
         # Some logging if you want
         raise e
 
-This can be helpful when you have no idea about the exceptions which may
-be thrown by your program.
+This can be helpful when you have no idea about the exceptions that may
+be thrown by your program. If you are just looking to catch all execptions, 
+but don't actually care about what they are, you can even exclude the 
+``Exception as e`` part. 
+
+Note:: catching all exceptions may have unintended consequences because catching 
+all exceptions may also catch the ones you want to occur; for example, in 
+many command-line based programs, pressing control+c will terminate the program, 
+but if you catch all excepts, the ``KeyboardInterrupt`` will be caught as an 
+exception, so pressing control+c will NOT terminate the program.
 
 ``finally`` clause
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

From a5c450968b100561d3ce411463161f101982af61 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jordan Bonecutter <34787245+jordan-bonecutter@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 16 Aug 2020 20:33:46 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 26/30] Unnecessary #include statement (#216)

No stdio functions were used in this file.
---
 python_c_extension.rst | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/python_c_extension.rst b/python_c_extension.rst
index 5f49c3b..f4cf5d4 100644
--- a/python_c_extension.rst
+++ b/python_c_extension.rst
@@ -36,8 +36,6 @@ Simple C code to add two numbers, save it as ``add.c``
 
     //sample C file to add 2 numbers - int and floats
 
-    #include <stdio.h>
-
     int add_int(int, int);
     float add_float(float, float);
 

From 13764ad2b2e848495b567910770e7a25dd72ea92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yasoob Khalid <hi@yasoob.me>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2020 01:11:21 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 27/30] new book released

---
 _templates/breadcrumbs.html | 9 ++++++++-
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
index a988ecd..f3f3b94 100644
--- a/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
+++ b/_templates/breadcrumbs.html
@@ -25,7 +25,14 @@
 {% endif %}
 
 <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
-
+  <div class="admonition note">
+    <p class="first notice admonition-title" style="background: #e45959;">New book released!</p>
+    <p>Hi! I just released the alpha version of my new book; Practical Python Projects. 
+      Learn more about it <a href="https://yasoob.me/posts/practical-python-projects-book-released/">
+      on my blog</a>. In 325+ pages, I will teach you how to implement 12 end-to-end projects. 
+      You can buy it from <a href="https://feld.to/ppp">Feldroy.com</a>.
+    </p>
+  </div>
   <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
     {% block breadcrumbs %}
       <li><a href="{{ pathto(master_doc) }}">{{ _('Docs') }}</a> &raquo;</li>

From 0bc5da8d01ddfc766297e82dd106ff3549eac67c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John <66183716+just-linux@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Sep 2020 15:40:24 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 28/30] Correct minor underline build complaints (#219)

* Correct minor underline build complaints

* Correct minor underline build complaints, additional file
---
 context_managers.rst | 2 +-
 decorators.rst       | 4 ++--
 for_-_else.rst       | 4 ++--
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/context_managers.rst b/context_managers.rst
index 5a0f9d0..261ebd6 100644
--- a/context_managers.rst
+++ b/context_managers.rst
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Let's see how we can implement our own Context Manager. This should allow
 us to understand exactly what's going on behind the scenes.
 
 Implementing a Context Manager as a Class:
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 At the very least a context manager has an ``__enter__`` and
 ``__exit__`` method defined. Let's make our own file-opening Context
diff --git a/decorators.rst b/decorators.rst
index 3389728..30509fe 100644
--- a/decorators.rst
+++ b/decorators.rst
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ Now let's take a look at the areas where decorators really shine and
 their usage makes something really easy to manage.
 
 Authorization
-~~~~~~~~~~~~
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Decorators can help to check whether someone is authorized to use an
 endpoint in a web application. They are extensively used in Flask web
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ authentication:
         return decorated
 
 Logging
-~~~~~~~~~~~~
+~~~~~~~
 
 Logging is another area where the decorators shine. Here is an example:
 
diff --git a/for_-_else.rst b/for_-_else.rst
index 9a68363..f7fbe82 100644
--- a/for_-_else.rst
+++ b/for_-_else.rst
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ``for/else``
-----------
+------------
 
 Loops are an integral part of any language. Likewise ``for`` loops are
 an important part of Python. However there are a few things which most
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ That is the very basic structure of a ``for`` loop. Now let's move on to
 some of the lesser known features of ``for`` loops in Python.
 
 ``else`` Clause
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 ``for`` loops also have an ``else`` clause which most of us are unfamiliar
 with. The ``else`` clause executes after the loop completes normally.

From 9b6262eed638dd2f5960fb959def6fe981b0b40c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Keith Kong Hei Lok <70051933+LittleBigKeith@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 21 Sep 2020 01:31:31 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 29/30] Create zip.md (#218)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

* Create zip.md

Create new file for 'zip' function

* Converted to reStructured

* added zip to the index

Co-authored-by: M.Yasoob Ullah Khalid ☺ <yasoob.khld@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Yasoob Khalid <hi@yasoob.me>
---
 index.rst |  1 +
 zip.rst   | 71 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 72 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 zip.rst

diff --git a/index.rst b/index.rst
index 224ae75..b45de64 100644
--- a/index.rst
+++ b/index.rst
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ Table of Contents
    virtual_environment
    collections
    enumerate
+   zip
    object_introspection
    comprehensions
    exceptions
diff --git a/zip.rst b/zip.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..947fe2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zip.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+Zip and unzip
+-------------
+
+**Zip**
+
+Zip is a useful function that allows you to combine two lists easily. 
+
+After calling zip, an iterator is returned. In order to see the content wrapped inside, we need to first convert it to a list.
+
+Example:
+
+.. code:: python
+    
+    first_name = ['Joe','Earnst','Thomas','Martin','Charles']
+
+    last_name = ['Schmoe','Ehlmann','Fischer','Walter','Rogan','Green']
+
+    age = [23, 65, 11, 36, 83]
+
+    print(list(zip(first_name,last_name, age)))
+
+    # Output
+    #
+    # [('Joe', 'Schmoe', 23), ('Earnst', 'Ehlmann', 65), ('Thomas', 'Fischer', 11), ('Martin', 'Walter', 36), ('Charles', 'Rogan', 83)]
+
+One advantage of zip is that it improves readability of for loops.
+
+For example, instead of needing multiple inputs, you only need one zipped list for the following for loop:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    first_name = ['Joe','Earnst','Thomas','Martin','Charles']
+    last_name = ['Schmoe','Ehlmann','Fischer','Walter','Rogan','Green']
+    age = [23, 65, 11, 36, 83]
+
+    for first_name, last_name, age in zip(first_name, last_name, age):
+        print(f"{first_name} {last_name} is {age} years old")
+
+    # Output
+    #
+    # Joe Schmoe is 23 years old                                                                                                                    
+    # Earnst Ehlmann is 65 years old                                                                                                                
+    # Thomas Fischer is 11 years old                                                                                                                
+    # Martin Walter is 36 years old                                                                                                                 
+    # Charles Rogan is 83 years old
+    
+**Unzip**
+
+We can use the `zip` function to unzip a list as well. This time, we need an input of a list with an asterisk before it.
+
+The outputs are the separated lists. 
+
+Example:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    full_name_list = [('Joe', 'Schmoe', 23), 
+                      ('Earnst', 'Ehlmann', 65), 
+                      ('Thomas', 'Fischer', 11), 
+                      ('Martin', 'Walter', 36), 
+                      ('Charles', 'Rogan', 83)]
+                      
+    first_name, last_name, age = list(zip(*full_name_list))
+    print(f"first name: {first_name}\nlast name: {last_name} \nage: {age}")
+
+    # Output
+
+    # first name: ('Joe', 'Earnst', 'Thomas', 'Martin', 'Charles')
+    # last name: ('Schmoe', 'Ehlmann', 'Fischer', 'Walter', 'Rogan')
+    # age: (23, 65, 11, 36, 83)
+

From 257709f4acb61539bf654fc6a5b72ac5e2c86ba0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: absara <105458799+Abidi-S@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Nov 2022 07:42:25 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 30/30] Global and Return edits (#232)

* replaced "&" with "and" in article heading

* fixed minor typos
---
 global_&_return.rst | 20 ++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/global_&_return.rst b/global_&_return.rst
index 39a75d4..0661752 100644
--- a/global_&_return.rst
+++ b/global_&_return.rst
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-Global & Return
+Global and Return
 ---------------
 
-You might have encountered some functions written in python which have a
+You might have encountered some functions written in Python which have a
 ``return`` keyword in the end of the function. Do you know what it does? It
-is similar to return in other languages. Lets examine this little
+is similar to return in other languages. Let's examine this little
 function:
 
 .. code:: python
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ function:
     print(result)
     # Output: 8
 
-The function above takes two values as input and then output their
+The function above takes two values as input and then outputs their
 addition. We could have also done:
 
 .. code:: python
@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ addition. We could have also done:
     print(result)
     # Output: 8
 
-So first lets talk about the first bit of code which involves the
+So first let's talk about the first bit of code which involves the
 ``return`` keyword. What that function is doing is that it is assigning
 the value to the variable which is calling that function which in our
-case is ``result``. In most cases and you won't need to use the
-``global`` keyword. However lets examine the other bit of code as well
+case is ``result``. In most cases you won't need to use the
+``global`` keyword. However, let's examine the other bit of code as well
 which includes the ``global`` keyword. So what that function is doing is
 that it is making a global variable ``result``. What does global mean
 here? Global variable means that we can access that variable outside the
@@ -125,11 +125,11 @@ Or by more common convention:
     print(profile_age)
     # Output: 30
 
-Keep in mind that even in the above example we are returning a tuple (despite the lack of paranthesis) and not separate multiple values. If you want to take it one step further, you can also make use of `namedtuple <https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.namedtuple>`_. Here is an example:
+Keep in mind that even in the above example we are returning a tuple (despite the lack of parenthesis) and not separate multiple values. If you want to take it one step further, you can also make use of `namedtuple <https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.namedtuple>`_. Here is an example:
 
 .. code:: python
 
-    from collections import namedtuple                                                                                     
+    from collections import namedtuple
     def profile():
         Person = namedtuple('Person', 'name age')
         return Person(name="Danny", age=31)
@@ -157,4 +157,4 @@ Keep in mind that even in the above example we are returning a tuple (despite th
     print(age)
     #31
 
-This is a better way to do it along with returning ``lists`` and ``dicts``. Don't use ``global`` keyword unless you know what you are doing. ``global`` might be a better option in a few cases but is not in most of them.
+This is a better way to do it, along with returning ``list`` and ``dict``. Don't use ``global`` keyword unless you know what you are doing. ``global`` might be a better option in a few cases but is not in most of them.