ترک‌های اروپا
ترک‌های اروپا (به انگلیسی: Euro-Turks)، (به ترکی استانبولی: Avrupa Türkleri) ترک‌هایی از شاخهٔ ترک‌های استانبولی هستند که در سرتاسر قارهٔ اروپا به جز ترکیه زندگی می‌کنند. برآوردهای کنونی نشان می‌دهد که حدود ۹ میلیون تُرک در اروپا، به استثنای ترکیه سکونت دارند.[۱]
پیشینه
[ویرایش]ترکان سابقهٔ سکونت طولانی از دوران امپراتوری عثمانی در اروپا دارند که برای اولین بار به جنوب شرق اروپا مهاجرت کردند. تُرک‌ها در محدوده امپراطوری عثمانی و نیز هم‌اکنون جوامعی در بلغارستان (ترک‌های بلغارستان)، بوسنی و هرزگوین (ترک‌های بوسنی و هرزگوین)، قبرس (ترک‌های قبرس)، گرجستان (ترک‌های مسختی)، یونان (ترک‌های یونان) (ترک‌های تراکیه غربی) (ترک‌های دودیکانیسیا)، کوزوو (ترک‌های کوزوو)، مقدونیه (ترک‌های مقدونیه) و رومانی (ترک‌های رومانی) زندگی می‌کنند.
مهاجرت ترک‌ها به اروپای غربی با مهاجرت ترک‌های قبرس به بریتانیا در دهه ۱۹۲۰ آغاز شد. که با وقوع کریسمس خونین، ترک‌های قبرس در دهه ۱۹۴۰ و ۱۹۵۰ به میزان قابل توجهی به جهت مناقشه قبرس به بریتانیا کوچ کردند. برعکس، در سال ۱۹۴۴، ترک‌ها که به زور و اجبار از مسختی در گرجستان تبعید شدند. و در طول جنگ جهانی دوم به عنوان ترک‌های مسختی شناخته می‌شوند. دسته دیگری در شرق اروپا به خصوص در جمهوری آذربایجان، قزاقستان، روسیه و اوکراین ساکن شدند. اوایل دهه ۱۹۶۰، مهاجرت به غرب و شمال اروپا به طور قابل توجهی از ترکیه افزایش یافت، که از ترکیه " کارگران میهمان" تحت قرارداد صادرات کارگر" با آلمان در سال ۱۹۶۱، به دنبال یک قرارداد مشابه با هلند، بلژیک و اتریش در سال ۱۹۶۴، فرانسه در سال ۱۹۶۵، و سوئد در سال ۱۹۶۷ وارد شدند.[۲][۳][۴] اخیراً، ترک‌های بلغارستان، ترک‌های رومانیایی و ترک‌های تراکیه غربی نیز به اروپای غربی مهاجرت کرده‌اند.
جمعیت‌شناسی
[ویرایش]
نگارخانه
[ویرایش]-
راهپیمایی ترک‌ها در بریتانیا -
روز ترک در وین، اتریش -
کارمندان ترک در بارفوس در هانوفر -
مغازه یک ترک در پاریس -
محله ترک‌ها در هلند
منابع
[ویرایش]- ↑ ۱٫۰ ۱٫۱ (Cole 2011، 367).
- ↑ (Akgündüz 2008، 61).
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- ↑ «نسخه آرشیو شده». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۵ آوریل ۲۰۱۲. دریافت‌شده در ۱۹ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۳.
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{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help)[پیوند مرده] - ↑ Svensk-Turkiska Riksförbundet. "Diyanet İskandinavya'nın en uç noktası Finlandiya'da". Retrieved 2012-03-16.
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- ↑ Fransa Diyanet İşleri Türk İslam Birliği. "۲۰۱۱ YILI DİTİB KADIN KOLLARI GENEL TOPLANTISI PARİS DİTİB'DE YAPILDI". Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-15.
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- ↑ Statistics Iceland. /Database/mannfjoldi/Faedingarland/%26lang=1%26units=Number "Population by origin, citizenship and country of birth". Retrieved 2010-06-03.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help) - ↑ (Lacey 2007، 2).
- ↑ Sabah. "Eyvah Türkler geldi!". Archived from the original on 17 August 2012. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
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- ↑ «نسخه آرشیو شده». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۱۴ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۴. دریافت‌شده در ۱۹ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۳.
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{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|archive-date=(help) - ↑ (Abrahams 1996، 53).
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- ↑ Statistics Norway. "Persons with immigrant background by immigration category and country background 1 January 2010". Retrieved 2010-06-03.
- ↑ Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. "Turkey's Political Relations with Poland". Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 2010-06-03.
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- ↑ «Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији: Становништво према националној припадности - „Остали" етничке заједнице са мање од 2000 припадника и двојако изјашњени» (PDF). بایگانی‌شده از اصلی (PDF) در ۱۷ آوریل ۲۰۱۶. دریافت‌شده در ۱۹ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۳.
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یادداشت‌ها
[ویرایش]^ a: جمهوری آذربایجان is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia. However the population figures are for the entire state.
^ b: قبرس is sometimes considered transcontinental country. Physiographically entirely in غرب آسیا it has strong historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe.
^ c: Georgia is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe. However, the population figures include the entire state.
^ d: قزاقستان is physiographically considered a transcontinental country in Central Asia (UN region) and Eastern Europe, with European territory west of the Ural Mountains and both the Ural and Emba rivers. However, population figures refer to the entire country.
^ e: کوزوو unilaterally declared its independence from صربستان on 17 February 2008. Its sovereign status is unclear.
^ f: روسیه is considered a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. However the population figures include the entire state.
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