Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dagaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. Often explained as derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”), but the loss of the labialization would be irregular; *dawaz would be expected. Kroonen posits instead a root *dʰeǵʰ- (“day”), from which he says a heteroclitic noun *dʰṓǵʰ-r/n- (“day”) is also derived, the source of Proto-Germanic *dōgera-/*dōgena- (see *dōg-) and Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háȷ́ʰr̥ (from which Sanskrit अहर् (ahar)) with irregular loss of the initial consonant, possibly in the zero grade. For this root, see also *gēz, Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (gistradagis) and Proto-West Germanic *gesteran (“yesterday”), all deriving from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyés.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɑ.ɣɑz/

Noun

*dagaz m

1. a day, though in contrast to today this word referred to a period beginning at sunset and ending at sunrise as noted by Tacitus

   Antonym: *nahts

2. a day (24-hour period)
3. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᛞ (d)

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *dagaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*dagaz	*dagōz, *dagōs
vocative	*dag	*dagōz, *dagōs
accusative	*dagą	*daganz
genitive	*dagas, *dagis	*dagǫ̂
dative	*dagai	*dagamaz
instrumental	*dagō	*dagamiz

Derived terms

• *airidagaz, *jēradagaz
• *dagāną
• *dagawerką
• *dagalangaz
• *hinō dagō
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hiu dagu (see there for further descendants)
  • Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰 (himma daga)

Related terms

• *dagô
• *dōg-
• *dōgaz

 

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *dag
  • Old English: dæġ, deġ — Mercian, Kentish, deag, dæiġ, daig
    • Middle English: day, dai, dæi, dey, daȝ, dæȝ, dei, daye, daȝȝ, daȝh, daiȝ, *dah
      • English: day
      • Scots: day
      • Yola: die, dei, dey, daie
  • Old Frisian: dei, dī
    • North Frisian: däi

      Föhr-Amrum: dai

    • Saterland Frisian: Dai
    • West Frisian: dei
  • Old Saxon: dag
    • Middle Low German: dach
      • Low German:
        • Dutch Low Saxon: dag
        • German Low German:

          Hamburgisch: Dag

          Westphalian:

          Lippisch: Dag

          Ravensbergisch: Dach

          Sauerländisch: Dag, Dāg

          Westmünsterländisch: Dagg

      • Plautdietsch: Dach
  • Old Dutch: dag
    • Middle Dutch: dach
      • Dutch: dag, dagge, dagh (obsolete)
        • Afrikaans: dag
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: daka
        • Jersey Dutch: dâx
        • Negerhollands: dag, dak
          • → Virgin Islands Creole: dak (archaic)
        • Petjo: dah
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: dak, dagka
        • → Saramaccan: dáka
      • Limburgish: daag
      • West Flemish: dag
      • Zealandic: dag
  • Old High German: tag, tac, tak, dac, *dag — northern
    • Middle High German: tac, tag, dach
      • Alemannic German: Tag

        Alsatian: Dàà (north), Dàj (center), Dàg (south)

        Italian Walser: tag, tog, tàg

        Swabian: Dag

      • Bavarian: Da, Dåg, Doch

        Cimbrian: tak, ta, tag, tage

        Mòcheno: ta

        Udinese: tach, ti

      • Central Franconian: Daach

        Hunsrik: Daagh, taach (Wiesemann spelling system)

      • East Central German:

        Upper Saxon German: Dag

      • German: Tag

        Esperanto: tago

      • Luxembourgish: Dag, Do
      • Rhine Franconian: Tach

        Pennsylvania German: Daag

      • Transylvanian Saxon: Dåch
      • Vilamovian: taog
      • Yiddish: טאָג (tog)
• Proto-Norse: *ᛞᚨᚷᚨᛉ (*dagaʀ)
  • Old Norse: dagr
    • Icelandic: dagur
    • Faroese: dagur
    • Norn: dagh
      • → Scots: dag (Orkney, Shetlandic)
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: dag; (dialectal) dag’e
    • Elfdalian: dag
    • Old Swedish: dagher, ᚦᛆᚵᚼᚽᚱ
      • Swedish: dag
    • Old Danish: dagh
      • Danish: dag
        • Norwegian Bokmål: dag
      • Scanian: dağ
    • Gutnish: dag
• Crimean Gothic: tag
• Gothic: 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 (dags)
• Vandalic: *dag-