1,2-Butanediol
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
Butane-1,2-diol
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| Other names
1,2-Dihydroxybutane
α-Butylene glycol | |
| Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.008.663 |
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PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties[1] | |
| C4H10O2 | |
| Molar mass | 90.121 g/mol |
| Density | 1.0023 g/cm3 (20 °C) |
| Melting point | −50 °C (−58 °F; 223 K)[note 1] |
| Boiling point | 195 to 196.9 °C (383.0 to 386.4 °F; 468.1 to 470.0 K) (96.5 °C at 10 mmHg) |
| miscible | |
| Solubility | soluble in ethanol, acetone; sparingly soluble in esters and ethers; insoluble in hydrocarbons |
Refractive index (nD)
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1.4378 (20 °C) |
| Viscosity | 7.3 mPa s (20 °C) |
| Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−532.8 kJ/mol [2] |
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
−2479 kJ/mol |
| Hazards[3] | |
| Flash point | 90 °C (194 °F; 363 K) |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 0395 |
| Related compounds | |
Related butanediols
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1,3-Butanediol 1,4-Butanediol 2,3-Butanediol |
Related compounds
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Ethylene glycol Propylene glycol 2-Hydroxybutyraldehyde 2-Hydroxybutyric acid α-Ketobutyric acid |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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1,2-Butanediol is the organic compound with the formula HOCH2(HO)CHCH2CH3. It is classified as a vic-diol (glycol). It is chiral, although typically it is encountered as the racemic mixture. It is a colorless liquid.
Preparation
It is produced industrially by hydration of 1,2-epoxybutane.[4][5]
1,2-Butanediol is a byproduct of the production of 1,4-butanediol from butadiene,[6] It is also a byproduct of the catalytic hydrocracking of starches and sugars such as sorbitol to ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.[7]
This diol was first described by Charles-Adolphe Wurtz in 1859.[8]
Applications
It has been patented for the production of polyester resins and plasticizers.[5][6] It is a potential feedstock for the industrial production of α-ketobutyric acid, a precursor to some amino acids.[9]
Safety
The LD50 (rats, oral) is 16g/kg.[4]
Notes
- ^ The value of −50 °C for the melting point is taken from Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry and used by the Hazardous Substances Data Bank and the OECD Screening Information Dataset. Other reported values of the melting point range from −114 °C to −30 °C.
References
- ^ Weast, Robert C., ed. (1981). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (62nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. C-190. ISBN 0-8493-0462-8..
- ^ Moureu, H.; Dode, M. (1937), "Chaleurs de formation de l'oxyde d'ethylene, de l'ethanediol et de quelques homologues", Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 4: 637–47.
- ^ 1,2-Butanediol, International Chemical Safety Card 0395, Geneva: International Programme on Chemical Safety, March 1996.
- ^ a b "Butanediols, Butenediol, and Butynediol". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2005. doi:10.1002/14356007.a04_455. ISBN 978-3527306732.
- ^ a b 1,2-Butanediol (PDF), SIDS Initial Assessment Report, Geneva: United Nations Environment Programme, February 1995.
- ^ a b US 4596886, Hasegawa, Ryuichi & Hayashi, Kohji, "Polyester containing impure 1,2-butanediol", assigned to Mitsubishi Monsanto Chemical Company.
- ^ US 4966658, Berg, Lloyd, "Recovery of ethylene glycol from butanediol isomers by azeotropic distillation". US 5423955, Berg, Lloyd, "Separation of propylene glycol from 1,2-butanediol by azeotropic distillation".
- ^ Wurtz, A. (1859), Ann. Chim. Phys., 55: 400
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link). - ^ US 5155263, Imanari, Makoto; Iwane, Hiroshi & Suzuki, Masashi et al., "Process for preparing α-ketobutyric acid", assigned to Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co., Ltd..