Tomiris: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
RafaAzevedo (talk | contribs) already exists Tag: New redirect |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
#REDIRECT [[Tomyris]] |
|||
{{short description|Queen of the Massagetae}} |
|||
{{Infobox officeholder |
|||
}} |
|||
'''Tomiris''' (Greek Τόμυρίς, dr.dr.''Tahm-Rayiš'' from dr. Iran: Tahmirih – "Brave"; approximately 570–520 BC) – the queen (dr.r.ααααίλεαα) of the Massagets, according to the researchers ''[[Scythian]]'' nomadic pastoral people. |
|||
== History == |
|||
The name Tomiris and her son ''Spargapis'', who was the commander of her army, are of Iranian origin. Since the historians who first wrote about him were ''[[Ancient Greece|Greek]]''s, the Hellenistic form of her name is most often used. According to researchers, the name of the son of Queen Tomiris resembles the name of the Scythian king Spargapis (Some consider him the father of Tomiris). The similarity of names can be explained by the kinship between the Iranian-speaking tribes of the (European) Scythians and Massagets .. |
|||
The earliest description of the Massagets, their tsarina Tomiris and her victory over the Persian king ''[[Cyrus II]]'' the Great, after the latter attempted to seize the kingdom of the Massagets, is given by ''[[Herodot]]'', who writes almost a hundred years after the events mentioned. The history of Tomiris and her victory over Cyrus was well known in the ancient world and became a legend; Antiquity writers Strabo, Polien, Cassiodorus, and ''Jordan'' also wrote about her. |
|||
Herodot reports that Cyrus, crossing the Araks River and plunging into the territory of the Massagets for one day's crossing, set up a trap for the Massagets on the advice of Lydian Croesus. The Persians left the camp with a supply of wine, which defended the disabled part, and the main troops retreated back to the river. The masagets, as soon as they overcame the enemy, sat down and began to feast, and, filled with food and wine, fell asleep. The Persians, having come, killed many of them, and even more captured, among others, the son of Queen Tomiris, who commanded the Massagets, whose name was Spargapis. Upon learning of this, Tomiris sent a message to Cyrus: “''He who ate blood Cyrus, ... give me my son and leave this country with impunity ... But if you don’t do this, then I swear to you by the sun, the lord of the Massagets, I will give you blood to drink ".'' |
|||
According to Herodotus, the captive Spargapis persuades Cyrus to take off his shackles, and when he was released and as soon as he could hold his hands, he deprived himself of life. |
|||
Tomiris, when Cyrus did not obey her, gathered all his army, joined the battle with Cyrus. Most of the Persian troops were destroyed immediately on the spot, and Cyrus himself was killed. According to one testimony, the decapitated corpse of Cyrus was crucified (Herodot does not report it), and Tomiris shoved his head into wine fur filled with human blood and added the following: ''“You, living and won over you in a battle, destroyed cunning of my son. As for you, I threatened you with blood ”(according to another version,“ You were thirsting for blood, King of the Persians, drink it now!'' ”). Herodotus calls this battle the fiercest of those that were among the barbarians. |
|||
''Most of the Persian troops fell at the scene of the battle, Cyrus himself was killed. He reigned twenty-eight years. Tomiris filled the bag with human blood and ordered to find among the dead the corpse of Cyrus. When she had found her, she plunged her head in a bag and, mocking her, said: “Although I see you and won you in battle, you caused me grief, cunningly took my son away, and I will feed you with blood as I threatened.”'' Herodotus. The story in nine books. Translated from the Greek Mishchenko F. G. M., 1888, v.1. |
|||
Jordan in his work “On the Origin and Deeds of the Geth” called Tomiris the Heta queen, saying that Cyrus, the king of the Persians, during the time of the Geth queen Tomiris, went to her with a disastrous war. And also that after its completion, Queen Tomiris, having strengthened thanks to the victory and huge booty seized from enemies, went to that part of Mezia, which, taking the name from Great Scythia, is now called ''Little Scythia'', and there, on the Mezian coast of Pontus (modern Black sea), built the city of Toma (now Constanta; a few centuries the capital of Little Scythia), calling it by its name. |
|||
== Cultural reflection == |
|||
The history of Tomiris was reflected in the tradition of Western art. Artists Rubens, Allegrini, Luca Ferrari, ''[[Mattia Preti]]'', ''[[Gustave Moreau]]'' and the sculptor North Calzette and Ravenna are among those who portrayed Tomiris and the events in her life. |
|||
Works of medieval authors dedicated to Tomiris:<gallery> |
|||
File:Файл:Tomyris Plunges the Head of the Dead Cyrus Into a Vessel of Blood by Alexander Zick.jpg|''Tomiris immerses the head of Cyrus in a vessel with blood'' |
|||
File:Файл:Tomyris-Castagno.jpg|Portrait of Tomiris by ''Andrea del Castaño'', XVth century |
|||
</gallery>Tomiris assigned the role of the Scythian leader in the computer game Civilization VI. |
|||
Kazakhstan Film Studio "''[[Kazakhfilm]]''" shoots the film Tomiris, as of February 2018. The role of the Massaget Queen is performed by Almira Tursyn. |
|||
* Tomiris street in ''[[Shymkent]] .''<ref>[http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V18U0004460 О наименовании улиц города Шымкент Южно-Казахстанской области. Совместное постановление акимата Южно-Казахстанской области от 6 февраля 2018 года № 43 и решение Южно-Казахстанского областного маслихата от 11 декабря 2017 года № 18/215-VI. Зарегистрировано Департаментом юстиции Южно-Казахстанской области 22 февраля 2018 года № 4460.]</ref> |
|||
== In astronomy == |
|||
The ''asteroid (590) Tomiris'', discovered in 1906, is named after Tomiris. |
|||
== See also == |
|||
[[Chirac]] |
|||
== Sources == |
|||
{{Reflist}} |
|||
== Literature and sources == |
|||
* |
|||
* [[Файл:Commons-logo.svg|link=Викисклад|16x16px|Логотип Викисклада]]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tomiris |
|||
* ''Queen of Massagets Tomiris'' [1] |
|||
* Dzhandarbekov B. Tomiris. East story. Alma-Ata: Zhalyn, 1982-288 p. |
|||
[[Category:History of Central Asia]] |
|||
[[Category:Women in war]] |
|||
[[Category:6th-century BC deaths]] |
|||
[[Category:6th-century BC births]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 20:12, 18 July 2019
Redirect to: