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'''''Atolla''''' is a genus of [[crown jellyfish]] in the [[order (biology)|order]] '''Coronata'''. The genus ''Atolla'' was originally proposed by [[Ernst Haeckel|Haeckel]] in 1880 and elevated to the monotypic family level, as '''Atollidae''' by [[Henry Bryant Bigelow|Henry Bigelow]] in 1913.<ref name=worms/> The six known species inhabit the mesopelagic zone.<ref name=daly/> The medusae possess multiple lobes called lappets at the bell margin.<ref name=daly/> Medusae also have eight [[tentacle]]s, alternating with eight [[rhopalium|rhopalia]], and twice as many lappets occur as tentacles.<ref name=daly/> |
'''''Atolla''''' is a genus of [[crown jellyfish]] in the [[order (biology)|order]] '''Coronata'''. The genus ''Atolla'' was originally proposed by [[Ernst Haeckel|Haeckel]] in 1880 and elevated to the monotypic family level, as '''Atollidae''' by [[Henry Bryant Bigelow|Henry Bigelow]] in 1913.<ref name=worms/> The six known species inhabit the mesopelagic zone.<ref name=daly/> The medusae possess multiple lobes called lappets at the bell margin.<ref name=daly/> Medusae also have eight [[tentacle]]s, alternating with eight [[rhopalium|rhopalia]], and twice as many lappets occur as tentacles.<ref name=daly/> |
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==Description== |
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The body of ''Atolla wyvillei'' is a bell shape and it has several moderately long tentacles along the bell. The bell is around 20-174 mm in diameter. It also has a single long tentacle called a hypertrophied tentacle. This hypertrophied tentacle has several purposes, including aid in predation and aid in reproduction. These jellyfish do not have a digestive system, a respiratory system, a circulatory system or a central nervous system. Not having a central nervous system means that it lacks a brain. |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
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''Atolla wyvillei'' is found all over the globe in the deep ocean. There has been evidence of them found in The deep ocean is a depth from 1,000 to 4,000 meters and is commonly called the “Midnight Zone” (Unknown, 2013). |
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==Behavior and ecology== |
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===Reproduction=== |
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''Atolla wyvillei'' can reproduce in two different ways. They can reproduce asexually like many other jellyfish species. This process involves the development into polyps that then produce buds that grow into larvae. ''Atolla wyvillei'' can also reproduce sexually. They attach themselves to another ''Atolla wyvillei'' by grabbing them with their hypertrophied tentacle and pulling themselves toward the other to mate. |
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===Feeding=== |
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''Atolla wyvillei'' have been found to prey on crustaceans and other floating nutrients. ''Atolla wyvillei'' can trap its prey through the use of its hypertrophied tentacle. It can passively catch its prey by leaving the tentacle extended and allow it to catch things that may be floating nearby. |
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===Bioluminescence=== |
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Bioluminescence is the production of visible light by a living organism (Herring 2004). Bioluminescence is a common phenomenon in marine animals found in the deep sea. ''Atolla wyvillei'' has adapted a safety response to avoid predation. When ''Atolla wyvillei'' is attacked it produces an array of blue light flashes. The propagation rate of these flashes are 5-50 cm s-1 and they propagate in circular waves (Herring 2004). It is because of these blue flashes that ''Atolla wyvillei'' has been nicknamed the “alarm jelly”. It is believed that the purpose of these flashes is to attract a bigger predator than the one that was currently attacking it (Herring 2004). It is an attempt to scare the predator that is currently attacking it with a larger predator that could possibly prey on the predator attacking it. |
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==Threats== |
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There has been evidence that ''Atolla wyvillei'' is threatened by shrimp (Moore,1993). A close relative of ''Atolla'' species, the crown jellyfish is eaten as a delicacy in Japan (Seaunseen, 2014). |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Herring, P.J., (2004). Bioluminescence of deep-sea coronate medusae (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa. Springer-Verlag, 39-51 |
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Moore, P.G., (1993). The Mesopelagic Shrimp Notostomus robustmus robutstus Smith Observed in Situ Feeding on the Medusan Atolla wyvillei Haeckel in the Northwest Atlantic. Oxford University Press, 690-697. |
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Seauseen, “Crowned Jellyfish.” Seauseen. (2014). |
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Unknown, “Creatures of the Deep: Atolla Jellyfish.” AquaViews Leisure Pro. (2013). |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q3378999}} |
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Revision as of 18:00, 19 March 2018
| Atolla | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Class: | Scyphozoa |
| Order: | Coronatae |
| Family: | Atollidae Bigelow, 1913 |
| Genus: | Atolla Haeckel, 1880 |
| Species[1] | |
Atolla is a genus of crown jellyfish in the order Coronata. The genus Atolla was originally proposed by Haeckel in 1880 and elevated to the monotypic family level, as Atollidae by Henry Bigelow in 1913.[1] The six known species inhabit the mesopelagic zone.[2] The medusae possess multiple lobes called lappets at the bell margin.[2] Medusae also have eight tentacles, alternating with eight rhopalia, and twice as many lappets occur as tentacles.[2]
References
- ^ a b "Atolla Haeckel, 1880". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. 2011. Retrieved January 20, 2012.
- ^ a b c M. Daly; M. R. Brugler; P. Cartwright; A. G. Collins; M. N. Dawson; D. G. Fautin; S. C. France; C. S. McFadden; D. M. Opresko; E. Rodrigues; S. L. Romanos; J. L. Stakes (2007). Z.-Q. Zhang; W. A. Shear (eds.). "Linnaeus Tercentenary: Progress in Invertebrate Taxonomy" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1668: 127–182.
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