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{{IPA key|H:IPA-NAP|H:IPANAP}}
The charts below show how the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Neapolitan language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
The charts below show how the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Neapolitan language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see [[Template:IPA]] and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

⚫
{| style="background: none"
See [[Neapolitan phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Neapolitan.

⚫
{| style="background: none
|-----
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em"
! colspan=3| [[Consonant]]s<ref>If a consonant is doubled after a vowel, it is [[Gemination|geminated]]; all consonants can be geminated except for {{IPAslink|z}} and {{IPAslink|ʒ}}. In [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]], gemination can be represented either by doubling the consonant (''fatto'' {{IPA|[ˈfattə]}}, ''miezzo'' {{IPA|[ˈmjettsə]}}) or by the length marker {{angbr|{{IPA link|ː}}}}. Neapolitan, like standard [[Italian language|Italian]], also has a sandhi phenomenon called [[syntactic gemination]], usually represented graphically: e.g. ''è '''ss'''oje'' {{IPA|[ˌɛ sˈsɔːjə]}}.</ref>
! colspan="4" | [[Consonant]]s<ref>If a consonant is doubled after a vowel, it is [[Gemination|geminated]]; all consonants can be geminated except for {{IPAslink|z}} and {{IPAslink|ʒ}}. In [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]], gemination can be represented either by doubling the consonant ({{lang|nap|fatto}} {{IPA|[ˈfattə]}}, {{lang|nap|miezzo}} {{IPA|[ˈmjettsə]}}) or by the length marker {{IPAalink|ː}}. Neapolitan, like standard [[Italian language|Italian]], also has a sandhi phenomenon called [[syntactic gemination]], usually represented graphically: e.g. {{lang|nap|è '''ss'''oje}} {{IPA|[ˌɛ sˈsɔːjə]}}.</ref>
|-
|-
![[Help:IPA|IPA]]
! colspan="2" | [[Help:IPA|IPA]]
! Examples !! English approximation
! Examples !! English approximation
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|b}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|b}}</big>
| '''b'''anca; cam'''p'''agna; a'''bb'''rile<ref name="geminated">{{IPA|/b/}}, {{IPA|/dʒ/}}, {{IPA|/ʝ/}}, {{IPA|/ɲ/}} and {{IPA|/ʃ/}} are always [[Gemination|geminated]] after a vowel.</ref><ref name="voiced">After a nasal, {{IPA|/p/}}, {{IPA|/t/}}, {{IPA|/tʃ/}}, {{IPA|/k/}} and {{IPA|/ts/}} are replaced by their voiced counterparts {{IPA|[b]}}, {{IPA|[d]}}, {{IPA|[dʒ]}}, {{IPA|[ɡ]}}, {{IPA|[dz]}}.</ref>
| '''b'''anca, cam'''p'''agna, a'''bb'''rile<ref name="geminated">{{IPA|/b/}}, {{IPA|/dʒ/}}, {{IPA|/ʝ/}}, {{IPA|/ɲ/}} and {{IPA|/ʃ/}} are always [[Gemination|geminated]] after a vowel.</ref><ref name="voiced">After a nasal, {{IPA|/c/}}, {{IPA|/p/}}, {{IPA|/t/}}, {{IPA|/tʃ/}}, {{IPA|/k/}} and {{IPA|/ts/}} are replaced by their voiced counterparts {{IPA|[ɟ]}}, {{IPA|[b]}}, {{IPA|[d]}}, {{IPA|[dʒ]}}, {{IPA|[ɡ]}}, {{IPA|[dz]}}.</ref>
| '''''b'''ike''
| '''b'''ike
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|d̪|d}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|d̪|d}}</big>
| '''d'''in'''t'''’â casa; ver'''d'''e<ref name="voiced"/>
| '''d'''in'''t'''’â casa, ver'''d'''e<ref name="voiced"/>
| '''''d'''one'' (with the tongue touching the teeth)
| '''d'''one
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|d̪͡z̪|dz}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|d̪͡z̪|dz}}</big>
| pen'''s'''iero; can'''z'''one; ca'''z'''etta<ref name="voiced"/><ref name="z">When not preceded by {{angbr|n}}, {{angbr|z}} can represent either {{IPA|/dz/}} or {{IPA|/ts/}}, according to the cases.</ref><ref name="s">{{angbr|s}} is pronounced:
| pen'''s'''iero, can'''z'''one, ca'''z'''etta<ref name="voiced"/><ref name="z">When not preceded by {{angbr|n}}, {{angbr|z}} can represent either {{IPA|/dz/}} or {{IPA|/ts/}}, according to the cases.</ref><ref name="s">{{angbr|s}} is pronounced:
* {{IPA|/s/}} when geminated or when not preceded by {{angbr|n}} and followed by {{angbr|t}}, a vowel or a semivowel;
* {{IPA|/s/}} when geminated or when not preceded by {{angbr|n}} and followed by {{angbr|t}}, a vowel or a semivowel;
* {{IPA|/ʃ/}} when followed by any [[voiceless consonant]] except {{angbr|t}};
* {{IPA|/ʃ/}} when followed by any [[voiceless consonant]] except {{angbr|t}};
Line 28: Line 25:
* {{IPA|/dz/}} when preceded by {{angbr|n}}.
* {{IPA|/dz/}} when preceded by {{angbr|n}}.
</ref>
</ref>
| ''da'''ds'''''
| da'''ds'''
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|dʒ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|dʒ}}</big>
| ma'''gg'''ìa; Fran'''ci'''a<ref name="geminated"/><ref name="voiced"/>
| ma'''gg'''ìa, Fran'''ci'''a<ref name="geminated"/><ref name="voiced"/>
| '''''j'''ab''
| '''j'''ab
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|f}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|f}}</big>
| '''f'''atto; '''f'''ernuto
| '''f'''atto, '''f'''ernuto
| '''''f'''ast''
| '''f'''ast
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ɡ}}</big> ({{IPA|ɡ}})<ref>If the two characters {{angle bracket|{{IPA|ɡ}}}} and {{angle bracket|{{IPA|[[File:Opentail g.svg|6px]]}}}} do not match and if the first looks like a {{angle bracket|{{IPA|γ}}}}, then you have an issue with your default font. See {{section link|Help:IPA|Rendering issues}}.</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|ɡ}}</big><ref name="rendering">If the two characters {{angbr IPA|ɡ}} and {{angbr|[[File:Opentail g.svg|6px]]}} do not match and if the first looks like a {{angbr IPA|γ}}, then you have an issue with your default font. See {{section link|Help:IPA|Rendering issues}}.</ref>
| '''g'''atto; ne'''g'''ro; man'''c'''o<ref name="voiced"/>
| '''g'''atto, ne'''g'''ro, man'''c'''o<ref name="voiced"/>
| '''''g'''as''
| '''g'''as
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ʝ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA|ɡj}}</big><ref name="rendering"/>
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|ɟ}}</big><ref name="Apulia">Chiefly occurring in [[Apulia]]n dialects.</ref>
⚫
| fami'''gli'''a; gua'''gli'''one<ref name="geminated"/>
⚫
| a'''gghi'''aià, ban'''chi'''ero<ref name="voiced"/>
⚫
| roughly like '''''y'''es'', but stronger
⚫
| a'''g'''ue
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|k}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʝ}}</big>
| puor'''c'''o; '''ch'''iesa; '''q'''uanno
| fami'''gli'''a, gua'''gli'''one<ref name="geminated"/>
| ''s'''c'''ar''
| ''roughly like'' '''y'''es'', but stronger, or'' a'''g'''ue
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|l}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|k}}</big>
| aucie'''ll'''o; '''l'''uglio
| puor'''c'''o, '''q'''uanno
| '''''l'''ip'' or ''fee'''l'''''
| s'''c'''ar
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|m}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA|kj}}</big>
⚫
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|c}}</big><ref name="Apulia"/>
⚫
| '''m'''aggìa; a'''mm'''ore; i'''n'''fierno<ref name="nasal">The [[Nasal consonant|nasals]] always [[Assimilation (linguistics)|assimilate]] their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the ''n'' in {{IPA|/nɡ/}} is a velar {{IPAblink|ŋ}}, and the one in {{IPA|/nf/}}~{{IPA|/nv/}} is a labiodental {{IPAblink|ɱ}} (though for simplicity {{angbr|m}} takes its place in this list). A nasal before {{IPA|/b/}} and {{IPA|/m/}} is always the labial {{IPAblink|m}}.</ref>
| '''''m'''other''
| '''chi'''esa, mus'''chi'''à
| mas'''c'''uline
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|n}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|l}}</big>
| aucie'''ll'''o, '''l'''uglio<ref>Might be slightly [[velarized consonant|velarized]] {{IPAblink|ɫ}}.</ref>
| mo'''n'''te; pe'''n'''siero<ref name="nasal"/>
| '''''n'''est''
| '''l'''ip ''or'' fee'''l'''
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ŋ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|m}}</big>
⚫
| '''m'''aggìa, a'''mm'''ore<ref name="nasal">[[Nasal consonant|Nasals]] always [[Assimilation (linguistics)|assimilate]] their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the ''n'' in {{IPA|/nɡ/}} is a velar {{IPAblink|ŋ}} and the one in {{IPA|/nf/}}~{{IPA|/nv/}} is a labiodental {{IPAblink|ɱ}}. A nasal before {{IPA|/b/}} and {{IPA|/m/}} is always the labial {{IPAblink|m}}.</ref>
⚫
| so'''n'''go; ci'''n'''co<ref name="nasal"/>
| ''si'''ng'''i'''ng'''''
| '''m'''other
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ɲ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|ɱ}}</big>
| cu'''gn'''ato; o'''gn'''e<ref name="geminated"/>
| i'''n'''fierno<ref name="nasal"/>
| roughly like ''ca'''ny'''on''
| sy'''m'''phony
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|p}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|n}}</big>
| '''p'''rimmo; co'''pp'''ia
| mo'''n'''te, pe'''n'''siero<ref name="nasal"/>
| ''s'''p'''in''
| '''n'''est
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|r}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|ŋ}}</big>
| '''gr'''otta; scio'''r'''e; camo'''rr'''a
| so'''n'''go, ci'''n'''co<ref name="nasal"/>
⚫
| si'''ng'''i'''ng'''
⚫
|-
⚫
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|ɲ}}</big>
⚫
| cu'''gn'''ato, o'''gn'''e<ref name="geminated"/>
⚫
| ''roughly like'' ca'''ny'''on
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|p}}</big>
⚫
| '''p'''rimmo, co'''pp'''ia
| s'''p'''in
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|r}}</big>
⚫
| '''gr'''otta, scio'''r'''e, camo'''rr'''a
| [[Alveolar trill|trilled r]]
| [[Alveolar trill|trilled r]]
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|s̪|s}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|s̪|s}}</big>
| '''s'''ano; pre'''s'''enza; '''s'''tato<ref name="s"/>
| '''s'''ano, pre'''s'''enza, '''s'''tato<ref name="s"/>
|'''''s'''orry''
| '''s'''orry
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ʃ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|ʃ}}</big>
| ra'''sci'''a; pe'''sc'''e; '''s'''carparo<ref name="geminated"/><ref name="s"/>
| ra'''sci'''a, pe'''sc'''e, '''s'''carparo<ref name="geminated"/><ref name="s"/>
| '''''sh'''ip''
| '''sh'''ip
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|t̪|t}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|t̪|t}}</big>
| '''t'''anto; re'''t'''e; fa'''tt'''o
| '''t'''anto, re'''t'''e, fa'''tt'''o
| ''s'''t'''ar'' (with the tongue touching the teeth)
| s'''t'''ar
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|t̪͡s̪|ts}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|t̪͡s̪|ts}}</big>
| '''z'''ùccaro; mie'''zz'''o; pa'''z'''ienza<ref name="z"/>
| '''z'''ùccaro, mie'''zz'''o, pa'''z'''ienza<ref name="z"/>
| ''ca'''ts'''''
| ca'''ts'''
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|tʃ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|tʃ}}</big>
| au'''c'''iello; '''c'''erasa; fa'''cci'''a
| au'''c'''iello, '''c'''erasa, fa'''cci'''a
| somewhat between ''wa'''tch''''' and ''wa'''sh'''''<ref>When not geminated nor following another consonant, {{IPA|/tʃ/}} tends to be pronounced {{IPAblink|ʃ}}.</ref>
| ''somewhat between'' wa'''tch''' ''and'' wa'''sh'''<ref>When not geminated nor following another consonant, {{IPA|/tʃ/}} tends to be pronounced {{IPAblink|ʃ}}.</ref>
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|v}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|v}}</big>
| '''v'''ufero; spa'''v'''etto; '''v'''raccio
| '''v'''ufero, spa'''v'''etto, '''v'''raccio
| '''''v'''ent''
| '''v'''ent
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|z̪|z}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|z̪|z}}</big>
| '''s'''nodo; '''s'''dignata<ref name="s"/>
| '''s'''nodo, '''s'''dignata<ref name="s"/>
| '''''z'''ipper''
| '''z'''ipper
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ʒ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|ʒ}}</big>
| '''s'''bagliato; '''s'''veglia<ref name="s"/>
| '''s'''bagliato, '''s'''veglia<ref name="s"/>
| ''vi'''si'''on''
| vi'''si'''on
⚫
|}
⚫
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
⚫
{| class="wikitable"
⚫
! colspan=3| [[Semivowel]]s<ref>Two diphthongs, ''uo'' {{IPA|/wo(ː)/}} and ''ie'' {{IPA|/je(ː)/}}, are always stressed, unless they are at the very end of a word.</ref>
|-
|-
⚫
| colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px" |
⚫
![[Help:IPA|IPA]]
⚫
! Examples !! English approximation
|-
|-
⚫
! colspan="4" | [[Semivowel]]s<ref>Two diphthongs, ''uo'' {{IPA|/wo(ː)/}} and ''ie'' {{IPA|/je(ː)/}}, are always stressed, unless they are at the very end of a word.</ref>
⚫
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|j}}</big>
⚫
| '''i'''ennaro/'''j'''ennaro; auc'''i'''ello; cch'''i'''ù
⚫
| '''''y'''ou''
|-
|-
⚫
! colspan="2" | [[Help:IPA|IPA]]
⚫
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|w}}</big>
⚫
! Examples !! English approximation
⚫
| f'''u'''oco; '''gu'''aglione
⚫
| '''''w'''ine''
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|j}}</big>
⚫
| colspan="3" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px" | &nbsp;
⚫
| '''i'''ennaro/'''j'''ennaro, auc'''i'''ello, cch'''i'''ù, pa'''i'''sano
| '''y'''ou
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|w}}</big>
⚫
!colspan=3| [[Vowel]]s
⚫
| f'''u'''oco, '''gu'''aglione, ca'''u'''lo
| '''w'''ine
|}
⚫
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
⚫
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em"
⚫
! colspan="4" | [[Vowel]]s
|-
|-
! [[Help:IPA|IPA]]
! colspan="2" | [[Help:IPA|IPA]]
! Examples !! English approximation
! Examples !! English approximation
|-
|-
!colspan=3| <small>[[Short vowel]]s</small>
! colspan=4" | <small>[[Short vowel]]s</small>
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ä|a}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ä|a}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|æ}}</big><ref name="Apulia"/>
| sci'''a'''urato; c'''a'''mp'''a'''gna
| sci'''a'''urato, c'''a'''mp'''a'''gna
| roughly like ''m'''a'''nner'' ([[Scottish English|Scotland]])
| m'''a'''nner
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|e}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|e}}</big>
| vi'''e'''nto; pecch'''é'''
| vi'''e'''nto, pecch'''é'''
| roughly like ''p'''ay''''', but shorter
| ''roughly like'' p'''ay''''', but shorter''
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ɛ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|ɛ}}</big>
| spav'''e'''tto; d'''e'''nte<ref name="open">Open-mid vowels {{IPA|/ɛ ɔ/}} can only appear when the syllable is stressed.</ref>
| spav'''e'''tto, d'''e'''nte<ref name="open">Open-mid vowels {{IPA|/ɛ ɔ/}} can only appear when the syllable is stressed.</ref>
| ''b'''e'''d''
| b'''e'''d
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ə}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|ə}}</big>
| nùmm'''e'''r'''o'''; coppi'''a'''; p'''e'''cché<ref>After the stressed syllable, {{IPA|/a e o/}} change to {{IPAblink|ə}}. This sound is sometimes also found before the stressed syllable and spelled {{angbr|e}}, as is ''f'''e'''rnì'' {{IPA|[fərˈni]}}.</ref>
| nùmm'''e'''r'''o''', coppi'''a''', p'''e'''cché<ref>After the stressed syllable, {{IPA|/a e o/}} change to {{IPAblink|ə}}. This sound is sometimes also found before the stressed syllable and spelled {{angbr|e}}, as is {{lang|nap|f'''e'''rnì}} {{IPA|[fərˈni]}}.</ref>
| '''''a'''gain''
| '''a'''gain
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|i}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|i}}</big>
| pr'''i'''mmo; '''i'''nsieme
| pr'''i'''mmo, '''i'''nsieme
| ''s'''ee''''', but shorter
| s'''ee''''', but shorter''
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|o}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|o}}</big>
| c'''o'''mp'''o'''ngo; c'''o'''ppia
| c'''o'''mp'''o'''ngo, c'''o'''ppia
| roughly like ''l'''aw''''' ([[Received Pronunciation|RP]]), but shorter
| st'''o'''ry, ''but shorter''
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ɔ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|ɔ}}</big>
| c'''ò'''mmodo; Mar'''o'''nna<ref name="open"/>
| c'''ò'''mmodo, Mar'''o'''nna<ref name="open"/>
| '''''o'''ff''
| '''o'''ff
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|u}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|u}}</big>
| '''u'''rdemo; n'''ù'''mmero; Nap'''u'''le
| '''u'''rdemo, n'''ù'''mmero, Nap'''u'''le
| ''t'''oo'''l'', but shorter
| t'''oo'''l'', but shorter''
|-
|-
!colspan=3| <small>[[Long vowel]]s</small><ref>Vowels are [[Vowel length|long]] when stressed in non-final open syllables: ''c'''a'''sa'' {{IPA|[ˈkɑːsə]}} ~ ''cassa'' {{IPA|[ˈkassə]}}, or when compounds of preposition ''a'' and an article: ''a'' + ''’o'' = '''''ô'''''.</ref>
! colspan="4" | <small>[[Long vowel]]s</small><ref>Vowels are [[Vowel length|long]] when stressed in non-final open syllables: {{lang|nap|c'''a'''sa}} {{IPA|[ˈkɑːsə]}} ~ {{lang|nap|cassa}} {{IPA|[ˈkassə]}}, or when compounds of preposition {{lang|nap|a}} and an article: {{lang|nap|a}} + {{lang|nap|’o}} = {{lang|nap|'''ô'''}}.</ref>
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ɑː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɑː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɐ|ɐː}}<br/>{{IPA link|æː}}</big><ref name="Apulia"/>
⚫
| sciaur'''a'''to; N'''a'''pule
| ''f'''a'''ther''
| sciaur'''a'''to, N'''a'''pule
⚫
| f'''a'''ther ''or'' b'''a'''d
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|eː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|eː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|e}}{{IPA link|j}}<br/>{{IPA link|ɛ}}{{IPA link|j}}<br/>{{IPA link|æ}}{{IPA link|j˗|ɨ}}</big><ref name="Apulia"/>
⚫
| insi'''e'''me; p'''e'''so
| roughly like ''p'''ay'''''
| insi'''e'''me, p'''e'''so
| l'''a'''te
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ɛː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɛː}}</big>
| sc'''e'''na; v'''e'''ro
| sc'''e'''na, v'''e'''ro
| ''b'''ear''''' ([[Received Pronunciation|RP]])
| b'''ear''' (''[[Received Pronunciation|RP]]'') ''or'' l'''a'''te
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|iː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|iː}}</big>
| t'''i'''po; z'''i'''e
| t'''i'''po, z'''i'''e
| ''s'''ee'''''
| s'''ee'''
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|oː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|oː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|o}}{{IPA link|w}}<br/>{{IPA link|ɔ}}{{IPA link|w}}<br/>{{IPA link|ə}}[[labialized post-palatal approximant|{{IPA|ʉ|cat=no}}]]</big><ref name="Apulia"/>
⚫
| amm'''o'''re; dint’'''ô''' sci'''o'''re
| amm'''o'''re, dint’'''ô''' sci'''o'''re
| roughly like ''l'''aw''''' ([[Received Pronunciation|RP]])
| st'''o'''ry ''or'' ''g'''oa'''l''
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ɔː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ɔː}}</big>
| s'''o'''je; c'''o'''se
| s'''o'''je, c'''o'''se
| ''m'''o'''re''
| st'''o'''ry ''or'' ''g'''oa'''l''
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|uː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|uː}}</big>
| aj'''u'''te; fern'''u'''to
| aj'''u'''te, fern'''u'''to
| ''t'''oo'''l''
| t'''oo'''l
|-
|-
! colspan="4" | <small>Other vowels</small>
⚫
| colspan="3" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px" | &nbsp;
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|ɨ}}</big><ref name="Apulia"/>
⚫
!colspan=3| [[IPA#Suprasegmentals|Suprasegmentals]]
| {{example needed|s}}
| ros'''e'''s
|-
|-
⚫
| colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px" |
⚫
! [[Help:IPA|IPA]]
|-
! Examples !! English approximation
⚫
! colspan="4" | [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Suprasegmentals|Suprasegmentals]]
|-
⚫
! colspan="2" | [[Help:IPA|IPA]]
! Examples !! Explanation
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ˈ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|ˈ}}</big>
| '''coz'''ze {{IPA|[ˈkɔttsə]}}
| '''coz'''ze {{IPA|[ˈkɔttsə]}}
| [[primary stress]], as in '''''bo'''ttle''
| [[primary stress]]
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA link|ˌ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|ˌ}}</big>
| '''lie'''vemente {{IPA|[ˌljevəˈmɛndə]}}
| '''lie'''vemente {{IPA|[ˌljevəˈmɛndə]}}
| [[secondary stress]], as in '''''in'''tonation''
| [[secondary stress]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | <big>{{IPA link|.}}</big>
| d'''ia'''mante {{IPA|[di.aˈmandə]}}
| [[syllabification|syllable break]]
|}
|}
|}
|}
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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==See also==
⚫
{{IPA keys}}
*{{clc|Pages with Neapolitan IPA|pages}}


⚫
{{IPA keys}}
[[Category:International Phonetic Alphabet help|Neapolitan]]

Latest revision as of 18:38, 31 October 2024

The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Neapolitan language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants[1]
IPA Examples English approximation
b banca, campagna, abbrile[2][3] bike
d dint’â casa, verde[3] done
dz pensiero, canzone, cazetta[3][4][5] dads
dʒ maggìa, Francia[2][3] jab
f fatto, fernuto fast
ɡ[6] gatto, negro, manco[3] gas
ɡj[6] ɟ[7] agghiaià, banchiero[3] ague
ʝ famiglia, guaglione[2] roughly like yes, but stronger, or ague
k puorco, quanno scar
kj c[7] chiesa, muschià masculine
l auciello, luglio[8] lip or feel
m maggìa, ammore[9] mother
ɱ infierno[9] symphony
n monte, pensiero[9] nest
ŋ songo, cinco[9] singing
ɲ cugnato, ogne[2] roughly like canyon
p primmo, coppia spin
r grotta, sciore, camorra trilled r
s sano, presenza, stato[5] sorry
ʃ rascia, pesce, scarparo[2][5] ship
t tanto, rete, fatto star
ts zùccaro, miezzo, pazienza[4] cats
tʃ auciello, cerasa, faccia somewhat between watch and wash[10]
v vufero, spavetto, vraccio vent
z snodo, sdignata[5] zipper
ʒ sbagliato, sveglia[5] vision
Semivowels[11]
IPA Examples English approximation
j iennaro/jennaro, auciello, cchiù, paisano you
w fuoco, guaglione, caulo wine
Vowels
IPA Examples English approximation
Short vowels
a æ[7] sciaurato, campagna manner
e viento, pecché roughly like pay, but shorter
ɛ spavetto, dente[12] bed
ə nùmmero, coppia, pecché[13] again
i primmo, insieme see, but shorter
o compongo, coppia story, but shorter
ɔ còmmodo, Maronna[12] off
u urdemo, nùmmero, Napule tool, but shorter
Long vowels[14]
ɑː ɐː
æː[7] 		sciaurato, Napule father or bad
eː ej
ɛj
æɨ[7] 		insieme, peso late
ɛː scena, vero bear (RP) or late
iː tipo, zie see
oː ow
ɔw
əʉ[7] 		ammore, dint’ô sciore story or goal
ɔː soje, cose story or goal
uː ajute, fernuto tool
Other vowels
ɨ[7] [examples needed] roses
Suprasegmentals
IPA Examples Explanation
ˈ cozze [ˈkɔttsə] primary stress
ˌ lievemente [ˌljevəˈmɛndə] secondary stress
. diamante [di.aˈmandə] syllable break

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ If a consonant is doubled after a vowel, it is geminated; all consonants can be geminated except for /z/ and /ʒ/. In IPA, gemination can be represented either by doubling the consonant (fatto [ˈfattə], miezzo [ˈmjettsə]) or by the length marker ⟨ː⟩. Neapolitan, like standard Italian, also has a sandhi phenomenon called syntactic gemination, usually represented graphically: e.g. è ssoje [ˌɛ sˈsɔːjə].
  2. ^ a b c d e /b/, /dʒ/, /ʝ/, /ɲ/ and /ʃ/ are always geminated after a vowel.
  3. ^ a b c d e f After a nasal, /c/, /p/, /t/, /tʃ/, /k/ and /ts/ are replaced by their voiced counterparts [ɟ], [b], [d], [dʒ], [ɡ], [dz].
  4. ^ a b When not preceded by ⟨n⟩, ⟨z⟩ can represent either /dz/ or /ts/, according to the cases.
  5. ^ a b c d e ⟨s⟩ is pronounced:
    • /s/ when geminated or when not preceded by ⟨n⟩ and followed by ⟨t⟩, a vowel or a semivowel;
    • /ʃ/ when followed by any voiceless consonant except ⟨t⟩;
    • /z/ when followed by ⟨n⟩, ⟨d⟩, ⟨r⟩ or ⟨l⟩;
    • /ʒ/ when followed by any voiced consonant except ⟨n⟩, ⟨d⟩, ⟨r⟩ or ⟨l⟩;
    • /dz/ when preceded by ⟨n⟩.
  6. ^ a b If the two characters ⟨ɡ⟩ and ⟨⟩ do not match and if the first looks like a ⟨γ⟩, then you have an issue with your default font. See Help:IPA § Rendering issues.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Chiefly occurring in Apulian dialects.
  8. ^ Might be slightly velarized [ɫ].
  9. ^ a b c d Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the n in /nɡ/ is a velar [ŋ] and the one in /nf/~/nv/ is a labiodental [ɱ]. A nasal before /b/ and /m/ is always the labial [m].
  10. ^ When not geminated nor following another consonant, /tʃ/ tends to be pronounced [ʃ].
  11. ^ Two diphthongs, uo /wo(ː)/ and ie /je(ː)/, are always stressed, unless they are at the very end of a word.
  12. ^ a b Open-mid vowels /ɛ ɔ/ can only appear when the syllable is stressed.
  13. ^ After the stressed syllable, /a e o/ change to [ə]. This sound is sometimes also found before the stressed syllable and spelled ⟨e⟩, as is fernì [fərˈni].
  14. ^ Vowels are long when stressed in non-final open syllables: casa [ˈkɑːsə] ~ cassa [ˈkassə], or when compounds of preposition a and an article: a + ’o = ô.

See also

[edit]
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