Interstate 35: Difference between revisions

Interstate 35
Interstate 35
	Interstate 35, with eastern and western forks.
Route information
Length	1,569.06 mi (2,525.16 km)
Existed	1956–present
History	Completed in 1982
NHS	Entire route
Major junctions
South end	US 83 in Laredo, TX
	I-69W in Laredo, TX; I-10 in San Antonio, TX; I-37 in San Antonio, TX; I-14 from Belton to Temple, TX; I-40 in Oklahoma City, OK; I-44 in Oklahoma City, OK; I-29 / I-70 in Kansas City, MO; I-80 from West Des Moines to Ankeny, IA; I-90 in Albert Lea, MN;
North end	MN 61 in Duluth, MN
Location
Country	United States
States	Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota
Highway system
	Interstate Highway System; Main; Auxiliary; Suffixed; Business; Future;

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Interstate 35 (I-35) is a major Interstate Highway in the central United States. As with most primary Interstates that end in a five, it is a major cross-country, north–south route. It stretches from Laredo, Texas, near the Mexican border to Duluth, Minnesota, at Minnesota State Highway 61 (MN 61, London Road) and 26th Avenue East.^[3] The highway splits into I-35E and I-35W in two separate places, the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex in Texas and at the Minnesota twin cities of Minneapolis–Saint Paul.

At 1,568 miles (2,523 km), I-35 is the ninth-longest Interstate Highway following I-94, and it is the third-longest north–south Interstate Highway, following I-75 and I-95. Even though the route is generally considered to be a border-to-border highway, this highway does not directly connect to either international border. I-35's southern terminus is the traffic signal at Hidalgo Street in Laredo, Texas, just short of the Mexican border. Travelers going south can take one of two toll bridges across the Rio Grande and the border, either straight ahead into the Juárez–Lincoln International Bridge, or via Business Interstate 35-A (Bus. I-35-A) through downtown Laredo into the Gateway to the Americas International Bridge. To the north, I-35 terminates in Duluth, Minnesota, with connections to Canada from the Interstate's terminus via MN 61 to Grand Portage, or north to the border at International Falls, Minnesota, via U.S. Route 53 (US 53) in Duluth.

In addition to the Dallas–Fort Worth and Minneapolis–Saint Paul areas, the major cities that I-35 also connects to include (from south to north) San Antonio, Texas; Austin, Texas; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Wichita, Kansas; Kansas City, Missouri; and Des Moines, Iowa.

Route description

Lengths
	mi	km
TX	503.96	811.05
OK	235.96	379.74
KS	235.53	379.05
MO	114.74	184.66
IA	219.23	352.82
MN	259.64	417.85
Total	1,569.06	2,525.16

Texas

I-35 northbound begins at a traffic-signaled intersection with Bus. I-35-A in Laredo, Texas, just north of the Rio Grande and the international border between Mexico and the US. It has a 17-mile (27 km) concurrency with US 83. Through Webb, La Salle, and Frio counties, it has a mostly north-northeastern course, turning more northeasterly around Moore.^[4] It then cuts across the corners of Medina and Atascosa counties before entering Bexar County and San Antonio.

I-35 is named the Pan Am Expressway in San Antonio. There, it has brief concurrencies with I-10 (with it US 87) and I-410, and it serves as the northern terminus of I-37. I-35 heads northeast out of the city toward the state capital, Austin.

In Austin, I-35 is the Interregional Highway and has a concurrency with US 290 through Downtown Austin.^[5] Throughout Austin, elevated express lanes were constructed on either side of the original freeway. Prior to this expansion, this section included an at-grade railroad crossing, which is extremely unusual for a freeway. From Austin, I-35 goes through Round Rock, Temple, Pflugerville, and Waco. In Belton, south of Temple, it serves as the current eastern terminus for I-14. In Waco, I-35 is known as the Jack Kultgen Freeway, and begins its concurrency with US 77. The campuses of both the University of Texas at Austin and Baylor University are located adjacent to I-35.

I-35 then heads to Hillsboro, where it splits into I-35W and I-35E and runs through the Dallas–Fort Worth area. The official milemarkers, along with the route of US 77, follow I-35E through Dallas—I-35W, which is 85 miles (137 km) in length, carries its own mileage from Hillsboro to Denton, as though it were an I-35 loop. In Dallas, I-35E is the R.L. Thornton Freeway south of I-30, which picks up the name heading east. North of I-30, it is the Stemmons Freeway.

After passing through Dallas and Fort Worth, I-35's two forks rejoin each other in Denton near the University of North Texas campus. The unified Interstate then continues north to Gainesville before crossing the Red River into Oklahoma.

Oklahoma

In Oklahoma, I-35 runs from the Red River at the Texas border to the Kansas state line near Braman. It passes through or adjacent to many of the state's major cities. From south to north, these cities include Ardmore, Pauls Valley, Purcell, Norman, Moore, Oklahoma City, and Edmond. In Downtown Oklahoma City, I-35 has a major junction with I-40 and spurs into I-235 through the north central inner city as heavy traffic follows through the city into the northern area of the state.

Kansas

Between the Oklahoma state line and Emporia, I-35 is part of the Kansas Turnpike. This section of Interstate serves Wichita and passes through the Flint Hills area. At Emporia, I-35 branches off on its own alignment. This free section of I-35 provides access to Ottawa before entering the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, where it serves Johnson County and Kansas City, Kansas.

Of note on the route, at several points between Cassoday and Emporia in the Flint Hills, dirt driveways that provide direct access without a ramp, for cattle trucks, may be found in either direction along the highway.

BETO Junction is a highway intersection in Coffey County, Kansas, that is the intersection of US 75 and I-35. It derives its name from the four major cities nearest the intersection: Burlington, Emporia, Topeka, and Ottawa. It is located 16 miles (26 km) north of Burlington at exit 155. Historically, the intersection referred to as "BETO Junction" before I-35 was constructed was located on the old US 75 alignments two miles (3.2 km) south and two miles (3.2 km) east, near Waverly, Kansas.

Missouri

I-35 enters Missouri two miles (3.2 km) southwest of Kansas City's Central Business District as a six-lane highway. After merging with Southwest Trafficway and Broadway, it becomes eight lanes and continues north to downtown Kansas City, where it serves as the west and north legs of the downtown freeway loop. Along the north edge of the loop, I-35 joins with I-70 immediately west of Broadway and carries six lanes of traffic with a speed limit of 45 mph (72 km/h). Upon leaving the loop, I-29 begins, concurrent with I-35. The two Interstates cross the Missouri River together on the Bond Bridge.

After crossing the river, I-29 and I-35 split. I-35 heads north to Cameron, Missouri, and then continues northward to the Iowa state line.

Iowa

In the southern sections of the state, I-35 is parallel to US 69 for much of its course.

In Des Moines, I-35 has a 12-mile (19 km) overlap with I-80. The concurrency takes place northwest of the downtown district of the city. At exit 127 of I-80, the overlap turns east and terminates at exit 137 via an interchange with I-235.

North of Des Moines, I-35 is mainly parallel with US 69, traversing a vast and rural area of Iowa.^[6]

I-35 is part of the Avenue of the Saints between Clear Lake and St. Paul, Minnesota. A four-lane link has been completed between Clear Lake and I-380 in Waterloo, Iowa.

Minnesota

At Medford, Minnesota, the on- and offramps lead to roundabouts rather than standard cross intersections.^[7] This is the first site in the state linked to a major highway to use roundabouts.

I-35 splits again into I-35W and I-35E in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area. The mile- and exit-numbering sequence continues along I-35E. At one sharp turn in I-35W near the junction with I-94, drivers are advised to slow to 35 mph (56 km/h) (although many drivers are able to maintain the speed limit of 55 mph (89 km/h)). It is not possible to go from westbound I-94 to northbound I-35W, from southbound I-35W to eastbound I-94, and vice versa, without resorting to surface streets.

On I-35E in Minnesota between MN 5 and I-94, in both directions, trucks weighing more than 9,000 pounds (4,100 kg) are banned from the freeway, and the speed limit drops to 45 mph (72 km/h). This section was not completed until the late 1980s (although the route was cleared and graded earlier) due to opposition from the historic Crocus Hill neighborhood, which sits only a few hundred feet from the alignment. The four-lane alignment, "parkway" design was a compromise. The truck bypass for this section is signed on I-494 and I-694 to the east of Saint Paul.

I-35 has an interchange with I-535/US 53 in Duluth, Minnesota, known locally as the "Can of Worms". This junction features a pair of left exits from I-35, a stoplight, and lane drops over the I-35 bridge.^[8]

The national northern terminus of I-35 is at an intersection in eastern Duluth. Drivers' options include merging with London Road/MN 61 northbound, proceeding through the stop lights onto 26th Avenue East, or turning left onto London Road southbound.

History

Some portions of I-35 in Oklahoma City were already built in 1953, before the Interstate system was created.^[9] Through Norman, Oklahoma, the Interstate opened in June 1959. In Moore, it opened in two parts: the northern half, connecting Moore to Oklahoma City, opened in January 1960. The southern half, linking it to Norman, was opened to traffic in June 1967.^[10]

I-35 through Oklahoma largely parallels US 77. This is in large part due to efforts of the towns of Wynnewood, Paoli, and Wayne, which fought to keep I-35 as close as possible to US 77. This was successful due to a threat from Governor Henry Bellmon to build a toll road rather than I-35, and legislation preventing state funds for the Interstate from being spent if it were more than one mile (1.6 km) from the U.S. Route.^[11]

I-35 was completed in Oklahoma in 1971, when parts of the Interstate running through Carter Co. and Murray Co. were opened to traffic.^[9]

The final segment of I-35 (as originally planned) to open was in north-central Iowa, between Mason City and US 20 near Iowa Falls. This segment was delayed due to some controversy. Originally, I-35 was to follow the alignment of US 69 from Des Moines to the Minnesota border, but Mason City's business community lobbied for the route to be moved closer to their city. On September 1, 1965, the alignment was changed to instead parallel US 65 through northern Iowa, which brought the highway much closer to Mason City. This created a long diagonal section through Wright and Franklin counties. Local farmers objected to their farms being bisected into triangular pieces, and resulting litigation delayed I-35 for several years. A November 1972 ruling rejected a lawsuit filed by the farmers, and the final segment of I-35 was allowed to proceed, eventually opening in 1975.

The Paseo Bridge over the Missouri River in Kansas City, Missouri, was replaced by the dual-span cable-stayed Christopher S. Bond Bridge in December 2010.^[12]

"NAFTA Superhighway" controversy

The proposed Trans-Texas Corridor toll-road project included one proposal (TTC-35) to primarily parallel I-35 from the Mexican border up to the Oklahoma border.^[13] There are major disagreements as to what impact this parallel route would have on I-35 in terms of traffic, maintenance, and commerce.

The Trans-Texas Corridor was first proposed by Texas Governor Rick Perry in 2002. It consisted of a 1,200-foot (370 m) wide highway that also carried utilities such as electricity, petroleum, and water as well as railway track and fiberoptic cables.^[14] In July 2007, US Representative Duncan Hunter successfully offered an amendment to House Resolution 3074, the FY2008 Transportation Appropriations Act, prohibiting the use of federal funds for Department of Transportation participation in the activities of the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP). Hunter stated that: "Unfortunately, very little is known about the NAFTA Super Highway. This amendment will provide Congress the opportunity to exercise oversight of the highway, which remains a subject of question and uncertainty, and ensure that our safety and security will not be compromised in order to promote the business interests of our neighbors."^[15] Fellow Republican Congressman and presidential candidate Ron Paul brought the issue to mainstream prominence during the December 2007 CNN–YouTube GOP debate, where he rejected the concept and also called it the NAFTA Superhighway after the North American Free Trade Agreement and, like Hunter, framed it within the ultimate goal of creating a North American Union.

In 2011, the Texas Legislature formally repealed its authority for the establishment and operation of the Trans-Texas Corridor with the passage of HB 1201.^[16]^[17]

Junction list

Source:^[18]

Southern segment

Texas: US 83 in Laredo; the highways travel concurrently to Botines, approx. 18 miles (29 km) north.; I-69W / US 59 in Laredo; US 57 in Moore; I-410 in San Antonio; I-10 / US 87 / US 90 in San Antonio. I-10/I-35/US 87 travels concurrently through Downtown San Antonio.; I-37 / US 281 in San Antonio; I-410 on the San Antonio–Windcrest city line; concurrency for three miles (4.8 km).; US 290 in Austin; the highways travel concurrently through Austin.; US 183 in Austin; US 79 in Round Rock; I-14 / US 190 in Copperas Cove; US 190 travels concurrently to Belton.; US 77 in Waco; the highways travel concurrently to northeast of Hillsboro; follows route of I-35E afterward.; US 84 on the Waco–Bellmead city line; I-35E / I-35W north-northeast of Hillsboro

Central segment

Texas: I-35E / I-35W in Denton; US 380 in Denton; US 77 in Denton; the highways travel concurrently to south of Thackerville, Oklahoma.; US 82 in Gainesville
Oklahoma: US 70 in Ardmore; the highways travel concurrently through Ardmore.; US 77 north of Springer; US 77 in Davis; US 77 in Norman; the highways travel concurrently to Oklahoma City.; I-240 / US 62 in Oklahoma City; I-35/US 62 travels concurrently through Oklahoma City.; I-40 / I-235 / US 77 / US 270 in Oklahoma City; I-35/I-40/US 270 travels concurrently through Oklahoma City.; I-44 in Oklahoma City; the highways travel concurrently through Oklahoma City.; US 77 in Edmond; the highways travel concurrently to Guthrie.; US 77 in Perry; US 64 in Perry; the highways travel concurrently to north-northwest of Perry.; US 64 / US 412 north-northwest of Perry; US 60 in Tonkawa; US 177 north-northwest of Braman
Kansas: US 166 east-northeast of South Haven; Kansas Turnpike southern terminus in rural Sumner County; US 160 east of Wellington; I-135 in Wichita; US 54 / US 400 in Wichita; US 77 north of El Dorado; I-335 / Kansas Turnpike in Emporia; US 50 in Emporia; US 50 east of Emporia; the highways travel concurrently to Lenexa.; US 75 south-southeast of Olivet; US 59 in Ottawa; the highways travel concurrently to east-northeast of Ottawa.; US 56 in Gardner; the highways travel concurrently to Merriam.; US 169 in Olathe; the highways travel concurrently to Merriam.; I-435 / US 50 in Lenexa; US 69 in Lenexa; the highways travel concurrently to Merriam.; I-635 / US 69 in Mission; I-35/US 69 travels concurrently to Kansas City.; US 169 in Kansas City
Missouri: I-670 in Kansas City; I-70 / US 24 / US 40 / US 169 in Kansas City; the highways travel concurrently through Kansas City.; I-29 / I-70 / US 40 / US 71 in Kansas City; I-29/I-35/US 71 travels concurrently through Kansas City.; US 69 in Kansas City; I-435 in Claycomo; US 69 in Pleasant Valley; the highways travel concurrently to Liberty.; US 69 south of Cameron; US 36 in Cameron; US 69 southwest of Winston; US 69 north-northwest of Altamont; US 136 in Bethany
Iowa: US 69 on the Iowa state line south of Lamoni; US 34 in Osceola; I-80 / I-235 in West Des Moines; I-35/I-80 travels concurrently to Ankeny.; US 6 on the Clive–Urbandale city line; US 69 in Des Moines; I-80 / I-235 in Ankeny; US 30 southeast of Ames; US 20 southeast of Blairsburg; US 18 south-southeast of Clear Lake; the highways travel concurrently to Clear Lake.
Minnesota: US 65 southeast of Albert Lea; US 65 in Albert Lea; I-90 northeast of Albert Lea; US 14 / US 218 in Owatonna; I-35E / I-35W in Burnsville

Northern segment

Minnesota: I-35E / I-35W in Columbus; US 8 in Forest Lake; US 61 in Wyoming; US 2 in Duluth; the highways travel concurrently through Duluth.; I-535 / US 53 in Duluth; MN 61 in Duluth

References

^ Starks, Edward (January 27, 2022). "Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of December 31, 2021". Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
^ Gyure, Joseph. "Interstate 35 dramatically changed Waco's face". Waco Tribune-Herald. Archived from the original on January 12, 2006. Retrieved January 10, 2006.
^ "Overview Map of I-35" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved February 15, 2008.
^ Texas Department of Transportation (2006). Texas Official Travel Map (Map). Texas Department of Transportation.
^ Bear, Jacci Howard. "Are Interstate Highway 35 and Interregional Highway 35 the Same Road?". About.com. Archived from the original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved December 7, 2006.
^ Rand McNally (2007). Motor Carriers' Road Atlas (Map) (Deluxe ed.). Chicago: Rand McNally. p. 38.
^ Federal Highway Administration (September 2004). "Excellence in Highway Design 2004". Focus: Accelerating Infrastructure Innovations. Vol. 21, no. 8. Federal Highway Administration. ISSN 1060-6637. FHWA-HRT-04-029. Archived from the original on June 10, 2010. Retrieved February 12, 2006.
^ "Overview Map and Aerial Photo of the Can of Worms Interchange" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved June 8, 2009.
^ ^a ^b Cockerell, Penny (June 29, 2006). "50 Years: As the Intersection of Interstates 35, 40, and 44, Oklahoma Is at America's Crossroads". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City. p. 2A.
^ Medley, Robert (June 29, 2006). "Highways Continue to Drive Economy". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City. p. 1D.
^ McNichol, Dan (2006). The Roads that Built America: The Incredible Story of the U.S. Interstate System. New York: Sterling. ISBN 1-4027-3468-9.^{[page needed]}
^ Jansen, Meghan (December 17, 2010). "All Interstate 29/35 Ramps and Lanes Open Tomorrow: On-Budget and Six Months Ahead of Schedule" (Press release). Missouri Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
^ "I-35 Corridor Section". Trans-Texas Corridor Study. Archived from the original on May 9, 2007.
^ Kovach, Gretel (December 10, 2007). "Highway to Hell?". Newsweek. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
^ Kasper, Joe (July 25, 2007). "Hunter NAFTA Super Highway Amendment Passes House" (Press release). Office of Congressman Duncan Hunter. Archived from the original on December 21, 2008.
^ "Texas Legislature Online - 82(R) History for HB 1201". Texas Legislature. Retrieved January 28, 2013.
^ "Texas Legislature Online - 82(R) Text for HB 1201" (PDF). Texas Legislature. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
^ Rand McNally (2014). The Road Atlas (Walmart ed.). Chicago: Rand McNally. pp. 38, 41, 54–55, 58, 83, 100–101. ISBN 978-0-528-00771-2.

External links

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Geographic data related to Interstate 35 at OpenStreetMap
Kansas City Star's "I-35 Odyssey, A Summer Travel Series"
Highway History - A Look at the History of the Federal Highway Administration
Interstate 35 Through Austin

[fhwa-1] Starks, Edward (January 27, 2022). "Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of December 31, 2021". Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved August 24, 2024.

[2] Gyure, Joseph. "Interstate 35 dramatically changed Waco's face". Waco Tribune-Herald. Archived from the original on January 12, 2006. Retrieved January 10, 2006.

[Google-3] "Overview Map of I-35" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved February 15, 2008.

[txdot-map-4] Texas Department of Transportation (2006). Texas Official Travel Map (Map). Texas Department of Transportation.

[about-5] Bear, Jacci Howard. "Are Interstate Highway 35 and Interregional Highway 35 the Same Road?". About.com. Archived from the original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved December 7, 2006.

[6] Rand McNally (2007). Motor Carriers' Road Atlas (Map) (Deluxe ed.). Chicago: Rand McNally. p. 38.

[7] Federal Highway Administration (September 2004). "Excellence in Highway Design 2004". Focus: Accelerating Infrastructure Innovations. Vol. 21, no. 8. Federal Highway Administration. ISSN 1060-6637. FHWA-HRT-04-029. Archived from the original on June 10, 2010. Retrieved February 12, 2006.

[8] "Overview Map and Aerial Photo of the Can of Worms Interchange" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved June 8, 2009.

[oklahoman1-9] Cockerell, Penny (June 29, 2006). "50 Years: As the Intersection of Interstates 35, 40, and 44, Oklahoma Is at America's Crossroads". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City. p. 2A.

[oklahoman2-10] Medley, Robert (June 29, 2006). "Highways Continue to Drive Economy". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City. p. 1D.

[11] McNichol, Dan (2006). The Roads that Built America: The Incredible Story of the U.S. Interstate System. New York: Sterling. ISBN 1-4027-3468-9.^{[page needed]}

[12] Jansen, Meghan (December 17, 2010). "All Interstate 29/35 Ramps and Lanes Open Tomorrow: On-Budget and Six Months Ahead of Schedule" (Press release). Missouri Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2011.

[13] "I-35 Corridor Section". Trans-Texas Corridor Study. Archived from the original on May 9, 2007.

[highway_to_hell-14] Kovach, Gretel (December 10, 2007). "Highway to Hell?". Newsweek. Retrieved December 7, 2007.

[15] Kasper, Joe (July 25, 2007). "Hunter NAFTA Super Highway Amendment Passes House" (Press release). Office of Congressman Duncan Hunter. Archived from the original on December 21, 2008.

[16] "Texas Legislature Online - 82(R) History for HB 1201". Texas Legislature. Retrieved January 28, 2013.

[17] "Texas Legislature Online - 82(R) Text for HB 1201" (PDF). Texas Legislature. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved August 13, 2013.

[randmcnally-18] Rand McNally (2014). The Road Atlas (Walmart ed.). Chicago: Rand McNally. pp. 38, 41, 54–55, 58, 83, 100–101. ISBN 978-0-528-00771-2.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{redirect|I-35|the Imperial Japanese Navy submarine|Japanese submarine I-35}}
 {{Short description|Interstate Highway from Texas to Minnesota}}
+{{Redirect|I-35|the Imperial Japanese Navy submarine|Japanese submarine I-35}}
+{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2024}}
 {{Infobox road
 |country = USA
 |type = I
 |route = 35
-|map={{maplink-road|from=Interstate 35.map}}
+|map={{maplink-road|from=Interstate 35.map|from2=Interstate 35W (Texas).map|from3=Interstate 35W (Minnesota).map}}
 |map_custom=yes
+|map_notes = Interstate 35, with eastern and western forks.
 |length_mi = 1569.06
-|length_ref = <ref name=fhwa>{{cite web|url=http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routefinder/table1.htm |work= Route Log and Finder List |title= Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of October 31, 2002 |date= October 31, 2002 |access-date= March 28, 2007|author= Staff |publisher= [[Federal Highway Administration]] }}</ref>
+|length_ref = <ref name=fhwa>{{cite web |first = Edward |last = Starks |url = https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/interstate_highway_system/routefinder/table01.cfm |work = Route Log and Finder List |title = Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of December 31, 2021 |date = January 27, 2022 |access-date = August 24, 2024 |publisher = [[Federal Highway Administration]] }}</ref>
 |established = 1956
-|history=Completed in 1982<ref>{{cite news|last=Gyure |first=Joseph |url=http://www.historicwaco.org/WHP/Places/I35.htm |title=Interstate 35 dramatically changed Waco's face |work=Waco Tribune-Herald |access-date=January 10, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060112041645/http://www.historicwaco.org/WHP/Places/I35.htm |archive-date=January 12, 2006 }}</ref>
+|history=Completed in 1982<ref>{{cite news |last = Gyure |first = Joseph |url = http://www.historicwaco.org/WHP/Places/I35.htm |title = Interstate 35 dramatically changed Waco's face |work = Waco Tribune-Herald |access-date = January 10, 2006 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060112041645/http://www.historicwaco.org/WHP/Places/I35.htm |archive-date = January 12, 2006 }}</ref>
 |direction_a = South
-|terminus_a = {{Jct|country=USA|US|83}} in [[Laredo, TX]]
+|terminus_a = {{Jct|country=USA|US|83}} in [[Laredo, Texas|Laredo, TX]]
 |junction = <!-- Major junctions only; Only 5–8 most major intersections and cities belong here; please read [[WP:USRD/STDS]] for more info -->
 *{{Jct|country=USA|I|69W}} in Laredo, TX
@@ Line 21: / Line 23: @@
 *{{Jct|country=USA|I|44}} in Oklahoma City, OK
 *{{Jct|country=USA|I|29|I|70}} in [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City, MO]]
-*{{Jct|country=USA|I|80}} in [[West Des Moines, Iowa|West Des Moines, IA]]
+*{{Jct|country=USA|I|80}} from [[West Des Moines, Iowa|West Des Moines]] to [[Ankeny, Iowa|Ankeny, IA]]
-*{{Jct|country=USA|I|90}} in [[Williams, Iowa|Williams, IA]]
+*{{Jct|country=USA|I|90}} in [[Albert Lea, Minnesota|Albert Lea, MN]]
-*{{Jct|country=USA|I|92}} in [[Albert Lea, Minnesota|Albert Lea, MN]]
-*{{Jct|country=USA|I|98}} in [[Albert Lea, Duluth|Albert Lea, MN]]
 |direction_b=North
 |terminus_b={{Jct|state=MN|MN|61}} in [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth, MN]]
 |states=[[Texas]], [[Oklahoma]], [[Kansas]], [[Missouri]], [[Iowa]], [[Minnesota]]
 }}
-'''Interstate&nbsp;35''' ('''I-35''') is a major [[Interstate Highway]] in the central [[United States]]. As with most primary Interstates that end in a five, it is a major cross-country, north–south route. It stretches from [[Laredo, Texas]], near the [[Mexico–United States border|Mexican border]] to [[Duluth, Minnesota]], at [[Minnesota State Highway 61]] (MN&nbsp;61, London Road) and 26th&nbsp;Avenue East.<ref name="Google">{{google maps |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&hl=en&geocode=3966640746460723679,27.524700,-99.502890%3B9356109620576285556,46.801921,-92.071031&saddr=I-35+N+%4027.524700,+-99.502890&daddr=46.808637,-92.06131&mra=dme&mrcr=0&mrsp=1&sz=13&sll=46.798649,-92.0644&sspn=0.053116,0.115356&ie=UTF8&ll=40.713956,-97.382812&spn=30.012924,59.0625&z=4 |title=overview map of I-35 |access-date= February 15, 2008}}</ref> The highway splits into [[Interstate 35E (disambiguation)|I-35E]] and [[Interstate 35W (disambiguation)|I-35W]] in two separate places, the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]] in [[Texas]] and at the [[Minnesota]] twin cities of [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul]].
+'''Interstate&nbsp;35''' ('''I-35''') is a major [[Interstate Highway]] in the central [[United States]]. As with most primary Interstates that end in a five, it is a major cross-country, north–south route. It stretches from [[Laredo, Texas]], near the [[Mexico–United States border|Mexican border]] to [[Duluth, Minnesota]], at [[Minnesota State Highway 61]] (MN&nbsp;61, London Road) and 26th&nbsp;Avenue East.<ref name="Google">{{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&hl=en&geocode=3966640746460723679,27.524700,-99.502890%3B9356109620576285556,46.801921,-92.071031&saddr=I-35+N+%4027.524700,+-99.502890&daddr=46.808637,-92.06131&mra=dme&mrcr=0&mrsp=1&sz=13&sll=46.798649,-92.0644&sspn=0.053116,0.115356&ie=UTF8&ll=40.713956,-97.382812&spn=30.012924,59.0625&z=4 |title = Overview Map of I-35 |access-date = February 15, 2008 }}</ref> The highway splits into [[Interstate 35E (disambiguation)|I-35E]] and [[Interstate 35W (disambiguation)|I-35W]] in two separate places, the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]] in [[Texas]] and at the [[Minnesota]] twin cities of [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul]].
 At {{convert|1568|mi|km}}, I-35 is the ninth-longest Interstate Highway following [[Interstate 94|I-94]], and it is the third-longest north–south Interstate Highway, following [[Interstate 75|I-75]] and [[Interstate 95|I-95]]. Even though the route is generally considered to be a [[Pan-American Highway|border-to-border highway]], this highway does not directly connect to either international border. I-35's southern terminus is the [[traffic signal]] at Hidalgo Street in Laredo, Texas, just short of the Mexican border. Travelers going south can take one of two toll bridges across the [[Rio Grande]] and the border, either straight ahead into the [[Juárez–Lincoln International Bridge]], or via [[Interstate 35 Business (Laredo, Texas)|Business Interstate&nbsp;35-A]] (Bus. I-35-A) through downtown Laredo into the [[Gateway to the Americas International Bridge]]. To the north, I-35 terminates in Duluth, Minnesota, with connections to Canada from the Interstate's terminus via MN&nbsp;61 to [[Grand Portage (community), Minnesota|Grand Portage]], or north to the border at [[International Falls, Minnesota]], via [[U.S. Route 53 in Minnesota|U.S. Route&nbsp;53]] (US&nbsp;53) in Duluth.
@@ Line 61: / Line 62: @@
 ===Texas===
+{{Main|Interstate 35 in Texas}}
+{{See also|Interstate 35E (Texas)|Interstate 35W (Texas)}}
 [[File:Endofi35.jpg|thumb|right|I-35 starts at this [[traffic signal]] in Laredo, Texas]]
-{{main|Interstate 35 in Texas}}
+I-35 northbound begins at a traffic-signaled intersection with [[Interstate 35 Business (Laredo, Texas)|Bus. I-35-A]] in [[Laredo, Texas]], just north of the [[Rio Grande]] and the international border between [[Mexico]] and the US. It has a {{convert|17|mi|km|adj=on}} [[concurrency (road)|concurrency]] with [[U.S. Route 83 in Texas|US&nbsp;83]]. Through [[Webb County, Texas|Webb]], [[La Salle County, Texas|La Salle]], and [[Frio County, Texas|Frio]] counties, it has a mostly north-northeastern course, turning more northeasterly around [[Moore, Texas|Moore]].<ref name="txdot-map">{{cite map |title = Texas Official Travel Map |author = [[Texas Department of Transportation]] |publisher = Texas Department of Transportation |year = 2006 }}</ref> It then cuts across the corners of [[Medina County, Texas|Medina]] and [[Atascosa County, Texas|Atascosa]] counties before entering [[Bexar County, Texas|Bexar County]] and [[San Antonio]].
-{{see also|Interstate 35E (Texas)|Interstate 35W (Texas)}}
-I-35 northbound begins at a traffic-signaled intersection with [[Interstate 35 Business (Laredo, Texas)|Bus. I-35-A]] in [[Laredo, Texas]], just north of the [[Rio Grande]] and the international border between [[Mexico]] and the US. It has a {{convert|17|mi|km|adj=on}} [[concurrency (road)|concurrency]] with [[U.S. Route 83 in Texas|US&nbsp;83]]. Through [[Webb County, Texas|Webb]], [[La Salle County, Texas|La Salle]], and [[Frio County, Texas|Frio]] counties, it has a mostly north-northeastern course, turning more northeasterly around [[Moore, Texas|Moore]].<ref name="txdot-map">{{cite map|title=Texas Official Travel Map|publisher=[[Texas Department of Transportation]] |cartography= TxDOT |year= 2006}}</ref> It then cuts across the corners of [[Medina County, Texas|Medina]] and [[Atascosa County, Texas|Atascosa]] counties before entering [[Bexar County, Texas|Bexar County]] and [[San Antonio]].
 I-35 is named the [[Pan-American Highway|Pan Am Expressway]] in San Antonio. There, it has brief concurrencies with [[Interstate 10 in Texas|I-10]] (with it [[U.S. Route 87|US&nbsp;87]]) and [[Interstate 410|I-410]], and it serves as the northern terminus of [[Interstate 37|I-37]]. I-35 heads northeast out of the city toward the state capital, [[Austin, Texas|Austin]].
-In Austin, I-35 is the Interregional Highway and has a concurrency with [[US 290]] through Downtown Austin.<ref name="about">{{cite web |last= Bear |first= Jacci Howard |url= http://austin.about.com/od/roadmaps/f/ih35.htm |title= Are Interstate Highway 35 and Interregional Highway 35 the Same Road? |work= About.com |access-date= December 7, 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081207201156/http://austin.about.com/od/roadmaps/f/ih35.htm |archive-date= December 7, 2008}}</ref> Throughout Austin, elevated express lanes were constructed on either side of the original [[freeway]]. Prior to this expansion, this section included an [[Level crossing|at-grade railroad crossing]], which is extremely unusual for a freeway. From Austin, I-35 goes through [[Round Rock, Texas|Round Rock]], [[Temple, Texas|Temple]], [[Pflugerville, Texas|Pflugerville]], and [[Waco, Texas|Waco]]. In [[Belton, Texas|Belton]], south of Temple, it serves as the current eastern terminus for [[Interstate 14|I-14]]. In Waco, I-35 is known as the Jack Kultgen Freeway, and begins its concurrency with [[U.S. Route 77 in Texas|US&nbsp;77]]. The campuses of both the [[University of Texas at Austin]] and [[Baylor University]] are located adjacent to I-35.
+In Austin, I-35 is the Interregional Highway and has a concurrency with [[US 290]] through Downtown Austin.<ref name="about">{{cite web |last = Bear |first = Jacci Howard |url = http://austin.about.com/od/roadmaps/f/ih35.htm |title = Are Interstate Highway 35 and Interregional Highway 35 the Same Road? |work = About.com |access-date = December 7, 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081207201156/http://austin.about.com/od/roadmaps/f/ih35.htm |archive-date = December 7, 2008 }}</ref> Throughout Austin, elevated express lanes were constructed on either side of the original [[freeway]]. Prior to this expansion, this section included an [[Level crossing|at-grade railroad crossing]], which is extremely unusual for a freeway. From Austin, I-35 goes through [[Round Rock, Texas|Round Rock]], [[Temple, Texas|Temple]], [[Pflugerville, Texas|Pflugerville]], and [[Waco, Texas|Waco]]. In [[Belton, Texas|Belton]], south of Temple, it serves as the current eastern terminus for [[Interstate 14|I-14]]. In Waco, I-35 is known as the Jack Kultgen Freeway, and begins its concurrency with [[U.S. Route 77 in Texas|US&nbsp;77]]. The campuses of both the [[University of Texas at Austin]] and [[Baylor University]] are located adjacent to I-35.
 I-35 then heads to [[Hillsboro, Texas|Hillsboro]], where it splits into [[Interstate 35W (Texas)|I-35W]] and [[Interstate 35E (Texas)|I-35E]] and runs through the [[Dallas]]–[[Fort Worth]] area. The official milemarkers, along with the route of US&nbsp;77, follow I-35E through Dallas—I-35W, which is {{convert|85|mi|km}} in length, carries its own mileage from Hillsboro to [[Denton, Texas|Denton]], as though it were an I-35 loop. In Dallas, I-35E is the R.L. Thornton Freeway south of [[Interstate 30|I-30]], which picks up the name heading east. North of I-30, it is the Stemmons Freeway.
@@ Line 83: / Line 85: @@
 {{main|Interstate 35 in Kansas}}
 [[Image:Kta view.jpg|thumb|right|A view from the I-35 portion of the Kansas Turnpike, between mileposts&nbsp;29 and 30]]
 Between the Oklahoma state line and [[Emporia, Kansas|Emporia]], I-35 is part of the [[Kansas Turnpike]]. This section of Interstate serves [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]] and passes through the [[Flint Hills]] area. At Emporia, I-35 branches off on its own alignment. This free section of I-35 provides access to [[Ottawa, Kansas|Ottawa]] before entering the [[Kansas City Metropolitan Area]], where it serves [[Johnson County, Kansas|Johnson County]] and [[Kansas City, Kansas]].
@@ Line 92: / Line 95: @@
 {{main|Interstate 35 in Missouri}}
 [[File:STH72244.JPG|thumb|left|[[Christopher S. Bond Bridge, Kansas City|Bond Bridge]] carries I-35 in Kansas City]]
-<!-- {{main|Interstate 35 in Missouri}} -->
 I-35 enters Missouri {{convert|2|mi|km|spell=in}} southwest of Kansas City's [[Central Business District]] as a six-lane highway. After merging with [[Southwest Trafficway]] and Broadway, it becomes eight lanes and continues north to downtown Kansas City, where it serves as the west and north legs of the [[Downtown freeway loop (Kansas City)|downtown freeway loop]]. Along the north edge of the loop, I-35 joins with [[Interstate 70 in Missouri|I-70]] immediately west of Broadway and carries six lanes of traffic with a speed limit of {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Upon leaving the loop, [[Interstate 29 in Missouri|I-29]] begins, concurrent with I-35. The two Interstates cross the [[Missouri River]] together on the [[Christopher S. Bond Bridge, Kansas City|Bond Bridge]].
@@ Line 105: / Line 108: @@
 In [[Des Moines, IA|Des Moines]], I-35 has a {{convert|12|mi|km|adj=on}} [[concurrency (road)|overlap]] with [[Interstate 80 (Iowa)|I-80]]. The concurrency takes place northwest of the downtown district of the city. At exit&nbsp;127 of I-80, the overlap turns east and terminates at exit&nbsp;137 via an interchange with [[Interstate 235 (Iowa)|I-235]].
-North of Des Moines, I-35 is mainly parallel with US&nbsp;69, traversing a vast and rural area of Iowa.<ref>{{cite map |title= Motor Carriers' Road Atlas |publisher= [[Rand McNally]] |page= 38 |edition= Deluxe |year= 2007}}</ref>
+North of Des Moines, I-35 is mainly parallel with US&nbsp;69, traversing a vast and rural area of Iowa.<ref>{{cite map |title = Motor Carriers' Road Atlas |author = [[Rand McNally]] |location = Chicago |publisher = Rand McNally |page = 38 |edition = Deluxe |year = 2007 }}</ref>
 I-35 is part of the [[Avenue of the Saints]] between [[Clear Lake, Iowa|Clear Lake]] and St. Paul, Minnesota. A four-lane link has been completed between Clear Lake and [[Interstate 380 (Iowa)|I-380]] in [[Waterloo, Iowa|Waterloo]], [[Iowa]].
@@ Line 112: / Line 115: @@
 {{main|Interstate 35 in Minnesota}}
 {{see also|Interstate 35E (Minnesota)|Interstate 35W (Minnesota)}}
 [[File:N terminus I35.JPG|thumb|300px|left|I-35's northern terminus is at this intersection with London Road ([[Minnesota State Highway 61|MN&nbsp;61]]) in [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]], [[Minnesota]], with [[Lake Superior]] in the background.]]
-At [[Medford, Minnesota|Medford]], [[Minnesota]], the on- and offramps lead to [[roundabout]]s rather than standard cross intersections.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Staff |publisher=Federal Highway Administration |url=http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/focus/04sep/05.cfm |journal=Focus: Accelerating Infrastructure Innovations |title=Excellence in Highway Design 2004 |access-date=February 12, 2006 |date=September 2004 |volume=21 |issue=8 |id=FHWA-HRT-04-029 |issn=1060-6637 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610021917/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/focus/04sep/05.cfm |archive-date=June 10, 2010 }}</ref> This is the first site in the state linked to a major highway to use roundabouts.
+At [[Medford, Minnesota|Medford]], [[Minnesota]], the on- and offramps lead to [[roundabout]]s rather than standard cross intersections.<ref>{{cite magazine |author = Federal Highway Administration |publisher = Federal Highway Administration |url = https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/focus/04sep/05.cfm |magazine = Focus: Accelerating Infrastructure Innovations |title = Excellence in Highway Design 2004 |access-date = February 12, 2006 |date = September 2004 |volume = 21 |issue = 8 |id = FHWA-HRT-04-029 |issn = 1060-6637 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100610021917/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/focus/04sep/05.cfm |archive-date = June 10, 2010 }}</ref> This is the first site in the state linked to a major highway to use roundabouts.
 I-35 splits again into [[Interstate 35W (Minnesota)|I-35W]] and [[Interstate 35E (Minnesota)|I-35E]] in the [[Minneapolis]]–[[Saint Paul, Minnesota|Saint Paul]] area. The mile- and exit-numbering sequence continues along I-35E. At one sharp turn in I-35W near the junction with I-94, drivers are advised to slow to {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} (although many drivers are able to maintain the speed limit of {{convert|55|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}). It is not possible to go from westbound I-94 to northbound I-35W, from southbound I-35W to eastbound I-94, and vice versa, without resorting to surface streets.
@@ Line 121: / Line 123: @@
 On I-35E in Minnesota between [[Minnesota State Highway 5|MN&nbsp;5]] and [[Interstate 94 in Minnesota|I-94]], in both directions, trucks weighing more than {{convert|9000|lb|kg}} are banned from the freeway, and the speed limit drops to {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. This section was not completed until the late 1980s (although the route was cleared and graded earlier) due to opposition from the historic Crocus Hill neighborhood, which sits only a few hundred feet from the alignment. The four-lane alignment, "parkway" design was a compromise. The truck bypass for this section is signed on [[Interstate 494 (Minnesota)|I-494]] and [[Interstate 694 (Minnesota)|I-694]] to the east of Saint Paul.
-I-35 has an [[Interchange (road)|interchange]] with [[Interstate 535|I-535]]/[[U.S. Route 53 in Minnesota|US&nbsp;53]] in [[Duluth, Minnesota]], known locally as the "Can of Worms". This [[Junction (road)|junction]] features a pair of left exits from I-35, a stoplight, and lane drops over the I-35 bridge.<ref>{{google maps |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Duluth+MN&ll=46.765515,-92.12255&spn=0.005762,0.01663&t=h |title=overview map and aerial photo of the Can of Worms interchange |access-date=June 8, 2009}}</ref>
+I-35 has an [[Interchange (road)|interchange]] with [[Interstate 535|I-535]]/[[U.S. Route 53 in Minnesota|US&nbsp;53]] in [[Duluth, Minnesota]], known locally as the "Can of Worms". This [[Junction (road)|junction]] features a pair of left exits from I-35, a stoplight, and lane drops over the I-35 bridge.<ref>{{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Duluth+MN&ll=46.765515,-92.12255&spn=0.005762,0.01663&t=h |title = Overview Map and Aerial Photo of the Can of Worms Interchange |access-date = June 8, 2009 }}</ref>
 The national northern terminus of I-35 is at an [[Intersection (road)|intersection]] in eastern Duluth. Drivers' options include merging with London Road/[[Minnesota State Highway 61|MN&nbsp;61]] northbound, proceeding through the stop lights onto 26th&nbsp;Avenue East, or turning left onto London Road southbound.
 ==History==
-Some portions of I-35 in Oklahoma City were already built in 1953, before the Interstate system was created.<ref name="oklahoman1"/> Through [[Norman, Oklahoma|Norman]], [[Oklahoma]], the Interstate opened in June&nbsp;1959. In [[Moore, Oklahoma|Moore]], it opened in two parts: the northern half, connecting Moore to Oklahoma City, opened in January&nbsp;1960. The southern half, linking it to Norman, was opened to traffic in June&nbsp;1967.<ref name="oklahoman2">{{cite news |last= Medley |first= Robert |title= Highways continue to drive economy |work= The Daily Oklahoman |location= Oklahoma City |date= June 29, 2006 |page= 1D}}</ref>
+Some portions of I-35 in Oklahoma City were already built in 1953, before the Interstate system was created.<ref name="oklahoman1"/> Through [[Norman, Oklahoma|Norman]], [[Oklahoma]], the Interstate opened in June&nbsp;1959. In [[Moore, Oklahoma|Moore]], it opened in two parts: the northern half, connecting Moore to Oklahoma City, opened in January&nbsp;1960. The southern half, linking it to Norman, was opened to traffic in June&nbsp;1967.<ref name="oklahoman2">{{cite news |last = Medley |first = Robert |title = Highways Continue to Drive Economy |work = The Daily Oklahoman |location = Oklahoma City |date = June 29, 2006 |page = 1D }}</ref>
-I-35 through Oklahoma largely parallels [[U.S. Route 77|US&nbsp;77]]. This is in large part due to efforts of the towns of [[Wynnewood, Oklahoma|Wynnewood]], [[Paoli, Oklahoma|Paoli]], and [[Wayne, Oklahoma|Wayne]], which fought to keep I-35 as close as possible to US&nbsp;77. This was successful due to a threat from Governor [[Henry Bellmon]] to build a toll road rather than I-35, and legislation preventing state funds for the Interstate from being spent if it were more than {{convert|1|mi|km|spell=in}} from the U.S. Route.<ref>{{cite book |last= McNichol |first= Dan |title= The Roads that Built America: The Incredible Story of the U.S. Interstate System |location= New York |publisher= Sterling |year= 2006 |isbn= 1-4027-3468-9}}{{page needed |date= March 2013}}</ref>
+I-35 through Oklahoma largely parallels [[U.S. Route 77|US&nbsp;77]]. This is in large part due to efforts of the towns of [[Wynnewood, Oklahoma|Wynnewood]], [[Paoli, Oklahoma|Paoli]], and [[Wayne, Oklahoma|Wayne]], which fought to keep I-35 as close as possible to US&nbsp;77. This was successful due to a threat from Governor [[Henry Bellmon]] to build a toll road rather than I-35, and legislation preventing state funds for the Interstate from being spent if it were more than {{convert|1|mi|km|spell=in}} from the U.S. Route.<ref>{{cite book |last = McNichol |first = Dan |title = The Roads that Built America: The Incredible Story of the U.S. Interstate System |location = New York |publisher = Sterling |year = 2006 |isbn = 1-4027-3468-9 }}{{page needed |date= March 2013}}</ref>
-I-35 was completed in Oklahoma in 1971, when parts of the Interstate running through [[Carter County, Oklahoma|Carter Co.]] and [[Murray County, Oklahoma|Murray Co.]] were opened to traffic.<ref name="oklahoman1">{{cite news |last= Cockerell |first= Penny |title= 50 Years: As the intersection of Interstates 35, 40, and 44, Oklahoma is at America's crossroads |work= The Daily Oklahoman |location= Oklahoma City |date= June 29, 2006 |page= 2A}}</ref>
+I-35 was completed in Oklahoma in 1971, when parts of the Interstate running through [[Carter County, Oklahoma|Carter Co.]] and [[Murray County, Oklahoma|Murray Co.]] were opened to traffic.<ref name="oklahoman1">{{cite news |last = Cockerell |first = Penny |title = 50 Years: As the Intersection of Interstates 35, 40, and 44, Oklahoma Is at America's Crossroads |work = The Daily Oklahoman |location = Oklahoma City |date = June 29, 2006 |page = 2A }}</ref>
 The final segment of I-35 (as originally planned) to open was in north-central [[Iowa]], between [[Mason City, Iowa|Mason City]] and [[US 20|US&nbsp;20]] near [[Iowa Falls, Iowa|Iowa Falls]]. This segment was delayed due to some controversy. Originally, I-35 was to follow the alignment of [[US 69|US&nbsp;69]] from [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]] to the [[Minnesota]] border, but Mason City's business community lobbied for the route to be moved closer to their city. On September&nbsp;1, 1965, the alignment was changed to instead parallel [[US 65|US&nbsp;65]] through northern Iowa, which brought the highway much closer to Mason City. This created a long diagonal section through [[Wright County, Iowa|Wright]] and [[Franklin County, Iowa|Franklin]] counties. Local farmers objected to their farms being bisected into triangular pieces, and resulting litigation delayed I-35 for several years. A November&nbsp;1972 ruling rejected a lawsuit filed by the farmers, and the final segment of I-35 was allowed to proceed, eventually opening in 1975.
-The [[Paseo Bridge]] over the [[Missouri River]] in Kansas City, Missouri, was replaced by the [[dual-span]] [[cable-stayed bridge|cable-stayed]] [[Christopher S. Bond Bridge (Kansas City)|Christopher S. Bond Bridge]] in December&nbsp;2010.<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.modot.org/kansascity/newrelease/District4News.shtml?action=displaySSI&newsId=63363 |title= All Interstate 29/35 Ramps and Lanes Open Tomorrow: On-Budget and Six Months Ahead of Schedule |first= Meghan |last= Jansen |publisher= Missouri Department of Transportation |date= December 17, 2010 |access-date= November 27, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120320043006/http://www.modot.org/kansascity/newrelease/District4News.shtml?action=displaySSI&newsId=63363 |archive-date= March 20, 2012 |url-status= dead }}</ref>
+The [[Paseo Bridge]] over the [[Missouri River]] in Kansas City, Missouri, was replaced by the [[dual-span]] [[cable-stayed bridge|cable-stayed]] [[Christopher S. Bond Bridge (Kansas City)|Christopher S. Bond Bridge]] in December&nbsp;2010.<ref>{{cite press release |url = http://www.modot.org/kansascity/newrelease/District4News.shtml?action=displaySSI&newsId=63363 |title = All Interstate 29/35 Ramps and Lanes Open Tomorrow: On-Budget and Six Months Ahead of Schedule |first = Meghan |last = Jansen |publisher = Missouri Department of Transportation |date = December 17, 2010 |access-date = November 27, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120320043006/http://www.modot.org/kansascity/newrelease/District4News.shtml?action=displaySSI&newsId=63363 |archive-date = March 20, 2012 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
 ==="NAFTA Superhighway" controversy===
-{{further|NAFTA superhighway}}
+{{Further|NAFTA superhighway}}
 [[File:Interstate 35 29 map.png|thumb|[[Interstate 29|I-29]] and I-35]]
-The proposed [[Trans-Texas Corridor]] toll-road project included one proposal (TTC-35) to primarily parallel I-35 from the Mexican border up to the Oklahoma border.<ref>{{cite web |work= [[Trans-Texas Corridor]] Study |title= I-35 Corridor Section |url= http://www.keeptexasmoving.com/projects/ttc35/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070509033839/http://www.keeptexasmoving.com/projects/ttc35/ |archive-date= May 9, 2007}}</ref> There are major disagreements as to what impact this parallel route would have on I-35 in terms of traffic, maintenance, and commerce.
+The proposed [[Trans-Texas Corridor]] toll-road project included one proposal (TTC-35) to primarily parallel I-35 from the Mexican border up to the Oklahoma border.<ref>{{cite web |work = [[Trans-Texas Corridor]] Study |title = I-35 Corridor Section |url = http://www.keeptexasmoving.com/projects/ttc35/ |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070509033839/http://www.keeptexasmoving.com/projects/ttc35/ |archive-date = May 9, 2007 }}</ref> There are major disagreements as to what impact this parallel route would have on I-35 in terms of traffic, maintenance, and commerce.
-The Trans-Texas Corridor was first proposed by [[Texas]] [[List of Governors of Texas|Governor]] [[Rick Perry]] in 2002. It consisted of a {{convert|1200|ft|m|adj=on}} wide highway that also carried utilities such as electricity, petroleum, and water as well as railway track and fiberoptic cables.<ref name="highway to hell">{{cite news |last= Kovach |first= Gretel |title= Highway to Hell? |work= [[Newsweek]] |date= December 10, 2007 |url= http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2007/12/01/highway-to-hell.html |access-date= December 7, 2007}}</ref> In July&nbsp;2007, US Representative [[Duncan L. Hunter|Duncan Hunter]] successfully offered an amendment to House Resolution&nbsp;3074, the FY2008 Transportation Appropriations Act, prohibiting the use of federal funds for [[United States Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] participation in the activities of the [[Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America]] (SPP). Hunter stated that: "Unfortunately, very little is known about the NAFTA Super Highway. This amendment will provide Congress the opportunity to exercise oversight of the highway, which remains a subject of question and uncertainty, and ensure that our safety and security will not be compromised in order to promote the business interests of our neighbors."<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.house.gov/list/speech/ca52_hunter/Nafta_hgwy_amendment.shtml |publisher= Office of Congressman Duncan Hunter |title= Hunter NAFTA Super Highway Amendment Passes House |date= July 25, 2007 |first= Joe |last= Kasper |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081221135836/http://www.house.gov/list/speech/ca52_hunter/Nafta_hgwy_amendment.shtml |archive-date= December 21, 2008}}</ref> Fellow Republican Congressman and presidential candidate [[Ron Paul]] brought the issue to mainstream prominence during the December&nbsp;2007 [[CNN]]–[[YouTube]] GOP debate, where he rejected the concept and also called it the NAFTA Superhighway after the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] and, like Hunter, framed it within the ultimate goal of creating a [[North American Union]].
+The Trans-Texas Corridor was first proposed by [[Texas]] [[List of Governors of Texas|Governor]] [[Rick Perry]] in 2002. It consisted of a {{convert|1200|ft|m|adj=on}} wide highway that also carried utilities such as electricity, petroleum, and water as well as railway track and fiberoptic cables.<ref name="highway to hell">{{cite news |last = Kovach |first = Gretel |title = Highway to Hell? |work = [[Newsweek]] |date = December 10, 2007 |url = http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2007/12/01/highway-to-hell.html |access-date = December 7, 2007 }}</ref> In July&nbsp;2007, US Representative [[Duncan L. Hunter|Duncan Hunter]] successfully offered an amendment to House Resolution&nbsp;3074, the FY2008 Transportation Appropriations Act, prohibiting the use of federal funds for [[United States Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] participation in the activities of the [[Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America]] (SPP). Hunter stated that: "Unfortunately, very little is known about the NAFTA Super Highway. This amendment will provide Congress the opportunity to exercise oversight of the highway, which remains a subject of question and uncertainty, and ensure that our safety and security will not be compromised in order to promote the business interests of our neighbors."<ref>{{cite press release |url = http://www.house.gov/list/speech/ca52_hunter/Nafta_hgwy_amendment.shtml |publisher = Office of Congressman Duncan Hunter |title = Hunter NAFTA Super Highway Amendment Passes House |date = July 25, 2007 |first = Joe |last = Kasper |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081221135836/http://www.house.gov/list/speech/ca52_hunter/Nafta_hgwy_amendment.shtml |archive-date = December 21, 2008 }}</ref> Fellow Republican Congressman and presidential candidate [[Ron Paul]] brought the issue to mainstream prominence during the December&nbsp;2007 [[CNN]]–[[YouTube]] GOP debate, where he rejected the concept and also called it the NAFTA Superhighway after the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] and, like Hunter, framed it within the ultimate goal of creating a [[North American Union]].
-In 2011, the Texas Legislature formally repealed its authority for the establishment and operation of the Trans-Texas Corridor with the passage of HB&nbsp;1201.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB1201 |title=Texas Legislature Online - 82(R) History for HB 1201 |publisher= Texas Legislature |access-date= January 28, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/tlodocs/82R/billtext/pdf/HB01201I.pdf#navpanes=0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/tlodocs/82R/billtext/pdf/HB01201I.pdf#navpanes=0 |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=Texas Legislature Online - 82(R) Text for HB 1201 |publisher= Texas Legislature |access-date= August 13, 2013}}</ref>
+In 2011, the Texas Legislature formally repealed its authority for the establishment and operation of the Trans-Texas Corridor with the passage of HB&nbsp;1201.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=82R&Bill=HB1201 |title = Texas Legislature Online - 82(R) History for HB 1201 |publisher = Texas Legislature |access-date = January 28, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/tlodocs/82R/billtext/pdf/HB01201I.pdf#navpanes=0 |archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/tlodocs/82R/billtext/pdf/HB01201I.pdf#navpanes=0 |archive-date = October 9, 2022 |url-status = live |title = Texas Legislature Online - 82(R) Text for HB 1201 |publisher = Texas Legislature |access-date = August 13, 2013 }}</ref>
 ==Junction list==
+'''Source:'''<ref name=randmcnally>{{cite book |author = Rand McNally |year = 2014 |title = The Road Atlas |edition = Walmart |location = Chicago |publisher = Rand McNally |pages = 38, 41, 54–55, 58, 83, 100–101 |isbn = 978-0-528-00771-2 }}</ref>
 ;Southern segment
 :;Texas
@@ Line 158: / Line 163: @@
 :: {{jct|country=USA|US|183}} in Austin
 :: {{jct|country=USA|US|79}} in [[Round Rock, Texas|Round Rock]]
-:: {{jct|country=USA|I|14|US|190}} in [[Belton, Texas|Belton]]; US 190 travels concurrently to [[Temple, Texas|Temple]].
+:: {{jct|country=USA|I|14|US|190}} in [[Copperas Cove, Texas|Copperas Cove]]; US 190 travels concurrently to [[Belton, Texas|Belton]].
 :: {{jct|country=USA|US|77}} in [[Waco, Texas|Waco]]; the highways travel concurrently to northeast of [[Hillsboro, Texas|Hillsboro]]; follows route of I-35E afterward.
 :: {{jct|country=USA|US|84}} on the Waco–[[Bellmead, Texas|Bellmead]] city line
@@ Line 216: / Line 221: @@
 :: {{jct|country=USA|US|34}} in [[Osceola, Iowa|Osceola]]
 :: {{jct|country=USA|I|80|I|235|dab2=Iowa}} in [[West Des Moines, Iowa|West Des Moines]]; I-35/I-80 travels concurrently to [[Ankeny, Iowa|Ankeny]].
-:: {{jct|country=USA|US|14}} on the [[Clive, Iowa|Clive]]–[[Urbandale, Iowa|Urbandale]] city line
+:: {{jct|country=USA|US|6}} on the [[Clive, Iowa|Clive]]–[[Urbandale, Iowa|Urbandale]] city line
 :: {{jct|country=USA|US|69}} in [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]]
 :: {{jct|country=USA|I|80|I|235|dab2=Iowa}} in Ankeny
 :: {{jct|country=USA|US|30}} southeast of [[Ames, Iowa|Ames]]
 :: {{jct|country=USA|US|20}} southeast of [[Blairsburg, Iowa|Blairsburg]]
-:: {{jct|country=USA|I|90}} in Williams
-:: {{jct|country=USA|US|2|US|6}} in Williams
 :: {{jct|country=USA|US|18}} south-southeast of [[Clear Lake, Iowa|Clear Lake]]; the highways travel concurrently to Clear Lake.
 :;Minnesota
 :: {{jct|country=USA|US|65}} southeast of [[Albert Lea, Minnesota|Albert Lea]]
 :: {{jct|country=USA|US|65}} in Albert Lea
-:: {{jct|country=USA|I|92}} northeast of Albert Lea
+:: {{jct|country=USA|I|90}} northeast of Albert Lea
-:: {{jct|country=USA|US|28|US|218}} in [[Owatonna, Minnesota|Owatonna]]
+:: {{jct|country=USA|US|14|US|218}} in [[Owatonna, Minnesota|Owatonna]]
 :: {{jct|country=USA|I|35E|dab1=Minnesota|I|35W|dab2=Minnesota}} in [[Burnsville, Minnesota|Burnsville]]
 ;Northern segment
 :;Minnesota
 ::{{jct|country=USA|I|35E|dab1=Minnesota|I|35W|dab2=Minnesota}} in [[Columbus, Minnesota|Columbus]]
+::{{jct|country=USA|US|8}} in [[Forest Lake, Minnesota|Forest Lake]]
 ::{{jct|country=USA|US|61}} in [[Wyoming, Minnesota|Wyoming]]
-::{{jct|country=USA|US|0}} in [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]]; the highways travel concurrently through Duluth.
+::{{jct|country=USA|US|2}} in [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]]; the highways travel concurrently through Duluth.
-::{{jct|country=USA|I|98}} in Duluth
 ::{{jct|country=USA|I|535|US|53}} in Duluth
 ::{{jct|state=MN|MN|61}} in Duluth
-<ref name=randmcnally>{{cite book |author = Rand McNally |year = 2014 |title = The Road Atlas |edition = Walmart |location = Chicago |publisher = Rand McNally |pages = 38, 41, 54-55, 58, 83, 100-101|isbn = 978-0-528-00771-2}}</ref>
 ==References==
@@ Line 245: / Line 247: @@
 ==External links==
 {{Attached KML|display=title,inline}}
-{{Spoken Wikipedia|Interstate35.ogg|date=2010-04-03}}
+{{Spoken Wikipedia|Interstate35.ogg|date=April 3, 2010}}
-{{commons category|Interstate 35}}
+{{Commons category|Interstate 35}}
-*{{osmrelation-inline|366130}}
+* {{Osmrelation-inline|366130}}
-*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051118072259/http://www.kcstar.com/fyi/travel/i35/i35.htm Kansas City Star's "I-35 Odyssey, A Summer Travel Series"]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051118072259/http://www.kcstar.com/fyi/travel/i35/i35.htm Kansas City Star's "I-35 Odyssey, A Summer Travel Series"]
-*[http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/history.htm ''Highway History'' - A Look at the History of the Federal Highway Administration]
+* [https://highways.dot.gov/highway-history ''Highway History'' - A Look at the History of the Federal Highway Administration]
-*[http://www.texasfreeway.com/Austin/photos/i35/i35.shtml ''Interstate 35 Through Austin'']
+* [http://www.texasfreeway.com/Austin/photos/i35/i35.shtml ''Interstate 35 Through Austin'']
 {{I-35 aux}}
-{{interstates}}
+{{Interstates}}
 {{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Interstate 35| ]]
 [[Category:Interstate Highway System|35]]

v t e Primary Interstate Highways
Signed	2 4 5 8 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 19 20 22 24 25 26 27 29 30 31 35 37 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 49 55 57 59 64 65 66 KS–KY VA–DC 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 CO–NE OH–NJ 77 78 79 80 81 82 WA–OR PA–NY CT–RI 83 84 OR–UT PA–MA 85 86 ID PA–NY CT–MA 87 NC NY 88 IL NY 89 90 91 93 94 95 96 97 99 H-1 H-2 H-3
Unsigned	A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 PRI-1 PRI-2 PRI-3
Lists	Primary Auxiliary Suffixed Business Future
Other	Standards Gaps Tolled
Routes in italics are no longer a part of the system. Major Interstates are highlighted.

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	United States Israel
Geographic	Structurae

v t e Auxiliary routes and suffixed routes of Interstate 35
Texas 35E 35W 635 Business Oklahoma 235 335³ Kansas 35W¹ 135 235 335 435 635 Missouri 435 635 Business Iowa 235 Business Minnesota 35E 35W 335² 535 Business Wisconsin 535
¹Former ²Cancelled ³Future