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Coordinates: 25°10′19″N 121°26′38″E / 25.17194°N 121.44389°E / 25.17194; 121.44389
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{{stack begin}}
{{stack begin}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tamsui
| name = Tamsui, Taiwan
| official_name = Tamsui District
| settlement_type = [[District (Republic of China)|District]]
| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hant|淡水區}}}}
| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hant|淡水區}}}}
| other_name = Tansui, Danshuei, Tanshui<!--; Tamshui-->, Danshui
| other_name = Tansui, Danshuei, Tanshui<!--; Tamshui-->, Danshui
<!-- Images and maps ------>
| settlement_type = [[District (Republic of China)|District]]
| image_skyline = Tamsui Skyline 2013-11-30.jpg
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| image_caption = Skyline of Tamsui District in 2013
| photo1a = 紅毛城之美.jpg
| photo2a = Guandu_Bridge.jpg
| photo2b = Tamsui 淡水老街 - panoramio (45).jpg
| photo3a = Oxford_College,_Aletheia_University_20060205.jpg
| photo3b = 前清淡水關稅務司官邸.jpg
| photo4a = 殘骸.jpg
| photo4b = 淡水禮拜堂古蹟.jpg
| spacing = 2
| position = center
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 280
| foot_montage = Clockwise: [[Fort Santo Domingo]]、[[Tamsui Old Street]]、[[Tamsui Customs Officers' Residence]]、[[Tamsui Church]]、[[Hobe Fort]]、[[Aletheia University]]、[[Guandu Bridge]]
}}
| image_seal =
| image_seal =
| image_map = Tamsui.png
| image_map = Tamsui.png
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| area_total_km2 = 70.65
| area_total_km2 = 70.65
| area_note =
| area_note =
| population_total = 184192
| population_total = 189271
| population_as_of = May 2022
| population_as_of = February 2023
| population_density_km2 = 2299
| population_density_km2 = 2299
| timezone = +8
| timezone = +8
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| w = Tan<sup>4</sup>-shui<sup>3</sup>
| w = Tan<sup>4</sup>-shui<sup>3</sup>
| psp = Tamsui
| psp = Tamsui
| kanji = 淡水
| kana = たんすい
| romaji =Tansui
| altname = Hobe
| altname = Hobe
| t2 = 滬尾
| t2 = 滬尾
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{{stack end}}
{{stack end}}


'''Tamsui District'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tamsui.ntpc.gov.tw/en.php|title=About Tamsui|quote=Tamsui District|website=Tamsui District Office, New Taipei City Government|access-date=13 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=16 June 2011 |script-title=zh:臺灣地區鄉鎮市區級以上行政區域名稱中英對照表 |url=http://placesearch.moi.gov.tw/translate/Admin1000616.pdf |page=1|quote=淡水區 Tamsui District 「淡水」依國際通用、 約定俗成方式譯寫|publisher=Online Translation System of Geographic Name, [[Ministry of Interior of the Republic of China|Ministry of Interior]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325205328/http://placesearch.moi.gov.tw/translate/Admin1000616.pdf |archive-date=25 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/atlasofchineseem00stan|pages=[https://archive.org/details/atlasofchineseem00stan/page/2 2], [https://archive.org/details/atlasofchineseem00stan/page/12 13]|via=[[Internet Archive]]|title=Atlas of the Chinese Empire|author=Edward Stanford|date=1908|quote=Tamsui<br />{...}<br />Tamsui, Formosa . . 25.11 N 121.26 E|edition=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/mapofchinashan|title=Index to Map of China|page=[https://archive.org/details/mapofchinashan/page/86 86]|quote=Tamsui ... ... ... {{sic|儋 州|expected=淡水}} Formosa ... 臺灣 ... 25.11 N 121.26 E|date=1915|publisher=Far Eastern Geographical Establishment|edition=2|via=[[Internet Archive]]|location=[[Shanghai]]}}</ref> ([[Hokkien]] [[Pe̍h-ōe-jī|POJ]]: ''Tām-chúi''; Hokkien [[Taiwanese Romanization System|Tâi-lô]]: ''Tām-tsuí''; [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]] [[Pinyin]]: ''Dànshuǐ'') is a seaside [[District (Taiwan)|district]] in [[New Taipei]], [[Republic of China]]. It is named after the [[Tamsui River]]; the name means "fresh water". The town is popular as a site for viewing the sun setting into the [[Taiwan Strait]]. Though modest in size (population 162,441), it has a large role in [[Culture of Taiwan|Taiwanese culture]].
'''Tamsui District'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tamsui.ntpc.gov.tw/en.php|title=About Tamsui|quote=Tamsui District|website=Tamsui District Office, New Taipei City Government|access-date=13 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=16 June 2011 |script-title=zh:臺灣地區鄉鎮市區級以上行政區域名稱中英對照表 |url=http://placesearch.moi.gov.tw/translate/Admin1000616.pdf |page=1|quote=淡水區 Tamsui District 「淡水」依國際通用、 約定俗成方式譯寫|publisher=Online Translation System of Geographic Name, [[Ministry of Interior of the Republic of China|Ministry of Interior]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325205328/http://placesearch.moi.gov.tw/translate/Admin1000616.pdf |archive-date=25 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/atlasofchineseem00stan|pages=[https://archive.org/details/atlasofchineseem00stan/page/2 2], [https://archive.org/details/atlasofchineseem00stan/page/12 13]|via=[[Internet Archive]]|title=Atlas of the Chinese Empire|author=Edward Stanford|date=1908|quote=Tamsui<br />{...}<br />Tamsui, Formosa . . 25.11 N 121.26 E|edition=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/mapofchinashan|title=Index to Map of China|page=[https://archive.org/details/mapofchinashan/page/86 86]|quote=Tamsui ... ... ... {{sic|儋 州|expected=淡水}} Formosa ... 臺灣 ... 25.11 N 121.26 E|date=1915|publisher=Far Eastern Geographical Establishment|edition=2|via=[[Internet Archive]]|location=[[Shanghai]]}}</ref> ({{Lang-zh|c=淡水|p=Dànshuǐ|poj=Tām-chúi|tl=Tām-tsuí}}) is a seaside [[District (Taiwan)|district]] in [[New Taipei City]], [[Taiwan]] adjacent to the [[Tamsui River]] and overlooking the [[Taiwan Strait]]. The name of the district means "fresh water" in Chinese. Although modest in size (population 189,271), Tamsui plays a significant role in Taiwanese [[History of Taiwan|history]] and [[Culture of Taiwan|culture]].


==Name==
==Name==
===Historical===
===Historical===
Originally settled by the [[Ketagalan people|Ketagalan]] [[Taiwanese aborigine|aborigines]], the location was called ''Hoba'', meaning "stream's mouth". ''Hoba'' was loaned into [[Taiwanese Hokkien]] as ''Hobe''. Historical works in English have referred to the place as "Hobe",{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=310}} "Hobé",{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=261}} or "Hobe Village".{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=310 (illustration)}} The Spanish arrived in the 17th century and called this place ''Casidor'' and the Tamsui River ''Kimalon''. Dutch records have used the placenames ''Tamsuy'' and ''Tampsui'' to refer to this area but have also referred to another "[[Wandan, Pingtung|Lower Tamsuy]]" in the south of the island.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=William |author-link=William Campbell (missionary) |title=Formosa under the Dutch: described from contemporary records, with explanatory notes and a bibliography of the island |year=1903 |publisher=Kegan Paul |location=London |oclc=644323041 |chapter=Explanatory Notes |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/formosaunderdut01campgoog#page/n554/mode/2up |page=548}}</ref>
The [[Ketagalan people|Ketagalan]] [[Taiwanese aborigine|aborigines]] called the location around modern Tamsui ''Hoba'', meaning "stream's mouth." ''Hoba'' transliterated into [[Taiwanese Hokkien]] as ''Hobe''. Historical works in English have referred to the place as "Hobe,"{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=310}} "Hobé,"{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=261}} or "Hobe Village."{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=310 (illustration)}} 17th-century Spanish colonists labeled the region ''Casidor'' and the Tamsui River ''Kimalon''. Dutch records reference the names ''Tamsuy'' and ''Tampsui'' but also refer to another "[[Wandan, Pingtung|Lower Tamsuy]]" in southern Taiwan.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=William |author-link=William Campbell (missionary) |title=Formosa under the Dutch: described from contemporary records, with explanatory notes and a bibliography of the island |year=1903 |publisher=Kegan Paul |location=London |oclc=644323041 |chapter=Explanatory Notes |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/formosaunderdut01campgoog#page/n554/mode/2up |page=548}}</ref>


In his 1903 book ''The Island of Formosa'', former US diplomat [[James W. Davidson]] related that the spelling and pronunciation of the placename ({{zh|c=淡水|labels=no}}) has been given in many variants by "as many so-called authorities. Tamsui, Tamshuy, Tamshui, Tamsoui, Tan-sui, ...".{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=261}} The first variant "Tamsui" is consistent with [[Hokkien]] [[Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters|literary reading]]s,<ref>{{holodict|824|e=水}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Iûⁿ, Ún-giân |url=http://210.240.194.97/TG/jitian/tgjt.asp |script-title=zh:台語線頂字典 |trans-title=Taiwanese Online Character Dictionary}}</ref> and (possibly by chance) is equal to the Church Romanization of an older pronunciation (''Tām-súi'')<ref>{{cite book |last=Douglas |first=Carstairs |author-link=Carstairs Douglas |date=1899 |title=Chinese-English dictionary of the vernacular or spoken language of Amoy |publisher=Presbyterian church of England |place=London |ol=25126855M |oclc=5516636 |edition=2nd |url=https://archive.org/details/chineseenglishdict00doug |page=[https://archive.org/details/chineseenglishdict00doug/page/473 473]}}</ref> minus tone markings and hyphen. The variant "Tan-sui", with exception of the hyphen, is consistent with the [[romanization of Japanese]]. However, the first variant was apparently already well-known circa 1900,{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=iii|ps=: "In later chapters describing the island under Japanese rule, and in the map, the Japanese name is given first, and the Chinese in brackets, with the exception of a few well-known names such as ''[[Kelung]]'', ''[[Takow]]'', etc., and some English names of islands in the Pescadores." (Note: "Tansui" is not found until the index and is absent from the map)}} and features prominently in two English-language maps of the same era.<ref>see, for example:
Pastor [[George Leslie Mackay]] popularized "Tamsui" as the English-language transliteration in his 1895 book ''From Far Formosa.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-05 |title=譯名鬧雙包 淡水正名Tamsui |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20110805004433-260102?chdtv |access-date=2023-10-27}}</ref> "Tamsui" is consistent with [[Hokkien]] [[Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters|literary reading]]s,<ref>{{holodict|824|e=水}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Iûⁿ, Ún-giân |script-title=zh:台語線頂字典 |trans-title=Taiwanese Online Character Dictionary |url=http://210.240.194.97/TG/jitian/tgjt.asp}}</ref> and (possibly by chance) is equal to the Church Romanization of an older pronunciation (''Tām-súi'') minus tone markings and hyphen.<ref>{{cite book |last=Douglas |first=Carstairs |url=https://archive.org/details/chineseenglishdict00doug |title=Chinese-English dictionary of the vernacular or spoken language of Amoy |date=1899 |publisher=Presbyterian church of England |edition=2nd |place=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/chineseenglishdict00doug/page/473 473] |oclc=5516636 |ol=25126855M |author-link=Carstairs Douglas}}</ref> By 1900, the "Tamsui" variant was already well-known{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=iii|ps=: "In later chapters describing the island under Japanese rule, and in the map, the Japanese name is given first, and the Chinese in brackets, with the exception of a few well-known names such as ''[[Kelung]]'', ''[[Takow]]'', etc., and some English names of islands in the Pescadores." (Note: "Tansui" is not found until the index and is absent from the map)}} and featured prominently in two English-language maps of the area.<ref>see, for example:

*{{cite journal |last=Campbell |first=William |author-link=William_Campbell_(missionary) |title=The island of Formosa: Its past and future |journal=Scottish Geographical Magazine |date=August 1896 |volume=12 |issue=8 |at=[[:c:File:1896 map of Taiwan.png|map]] |doi=10.1080/00369229608732903|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1430413 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Campbell |first=William |author-link=William_Campbell_(missionary) |date=August 1896 |title=The island of Formosa: Its past and future |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1430413 |journal=Scottish Geographical Magazine |volume=12 |issue=8 |at=[[:c:File:1896 map of Taiwan.png|map]] |doi=10.1080/00369229608732903 |ref=none}}
*{{harvp|Davidson|1903|loc=[[:c:File:Davidson (1901) - General Map of Formosa.jpg|map]]}}</ref> Furthermore, at that time, the term "Tamsui" was used "in a most liberal way; it may mean the harbor, the river, the village of Hobe, [[Twatutia]], or [[Wanhua District|Banka]], and it may mean the whole district."{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=261:|ps=&nbsp;"The term Tamsui is used in a most liberal way; it may mean the harbor, the river, the village of Hobe, Twatutia, or Banka, and it may mean the whole district. Properly it is but the name of a river. A resident of Twatutia may likewise describe himself as a residient either of Twatutia, Taipehfu, or Tamsui, and still be quite correct so far as custom goes, although ordinarily the merchants and consuls, whether at Hobe or Twatutia, use Tamsui as their address." }}
* {{harvp|Davidson|1903|loc=[[:c:File:Davidson (1901) - General Map of Formosa.jpg|map]]}}</ref> However, some naming confusion persisted, as evidenced by [[United States]] diplomat [[James W. Davidson|James W. Davidson's]] 1903 book ''The Island of Formosa''. Davidson lists "Tamsui, Tamshuy, Tamshui, Tamsoui, [and] Tan-sui" as acceptable spellings and pronunciations.{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=261}}

Historically, the term "Tamsui" is ambiguous, as "it may mean the harbor, the river, the village of Hobe, [[Twatutia]], or [[Wanhua District|Banka]], and it may mean the whole district."{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=261:|ps=&nbsp;"The term Tamsui is used in a most liberal way; it may mean the harbor, the river, the village of Hobe, Twatutia, or Banka, and it may mean the whole district. Properly it is but the name of a river. A resident of Twatutia may likewise describe himself as a residient either of Twatutia, Taipehfu, or Tamsui, and still be quite correct so far as custom goes, although ordinarily the merchants and consuls, whether at Hobe or Twatutia, use Tamsui as their address." }}


===Modern===
===Modern===
From 1950 until the 2010 creation of New Taipei City, Tamsui was officially "Tamsui [[township (Taiwan)|Township]]" ({{zh|t=淡水鎮}}; [[Hokkien]] [[Pe̍h-ōe-jī|POJ]]: ''Tām-chúi-tìn''; Hokkien [[Taiwanese Romanization System|Tâi-lô]]: ''Tām-tsuí-tìn'') in the former [[Taipei County]]. The spelling "Danshui" (from [[Hànyǔ Pīnyīn]] {{zh|p=Dànshuǐ|labels=no}}), formerly used officially by the Taiwan government, [[Taipei Metro]], and other sources, is based on the [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]] pronunciation. Meanwhile, the name "Tamsui" is based on the [[Taiwanese Hokkien]] pronunciation. Having long used "Tamsui" as the official English name,{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} the local government of the district informed the [[Executive Yuan|national government]] in 2011 that "Tamsui" rather than "Danshui" should be used in English.
From 1950 until the 2010 creation of New Taipei City, Tamsui was officially "Tamsui [[township (Taiwan)|Township]]" ({{zh|t=淡水鎮|poj=Tām-chúi-tìn|tl=Tām-tsuí-tìn}}) in the former [[Taipei County]]. The spelling "Danshui" (from [[Hànyǔ Pīnyīn]] {{zh|p=Dànshuǐ|labels=no}}), formerly used officially by the Taiwan government, [[Taipei Metro]], and other sources, is based on the [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]] pronunciation. Having long used "Tamsui" as the official English name,{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} the local government of the district informed the [[Executive Yuan|national government]] in 2011 that "Tamsui" rather than "Danshui" should be used in English.


==History==
==History==
[[File:1626 Map of Keelung and Tamsui Harbor, Formosa-Taiwan by Spanish 西班牙人所繪福爾摩沙基隆港與淡水港.png|thumb|180px|1626 Map of Keelung and Tamsui Harbor]]

===Spanish colony===
===Spanish colony===
[[File:淡水 Tamchuy - Couple from Tamsui, Taiwan - Boxer Codex (1590).jpg|left|thumb|245x245px|Taiwanese natives in Tamsui under [[Spanish Formosa]]]]
The [[Spanish expedition to Formosa|Spanish]] arrived in the area of Tamsui in the 17th century. In the fall of 1629, the Spanish established the first major non-aboriginal settlement comprising the town and mission of [[Santo Domingo, Taiwan|Santo Domingo]]. The Spanish occupied northern [[Taiwan]] for the purpose of securing Spanish interests in the [[Philippines]] against the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] (who were already established in the South of Taiwan by then), the [[United Kingdom|British]], and the [[Portugal|Portuguese]], as well as for facilitating trade with China and Japan.
The [[Spanish expedition to Formosa|Spanish]] arrived in the area of Tamsui in the early 17th century. In the fall of 1629, the Spanish established the first major non-aboriginal settlement comprising the town and mission of [[Santo Domingo, Taiwan|Santo Domingo]]. The Spanish occupied northern [[Taiwan]] for the purpose of securing Spanish sea trade routes from coastal [[Fujian]] to [[Spanish East Indies|Spanish Philippines]] against the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] (who were already established in the South of Taiwan by then), the [[United Kingdom|British]], and the [[Portugal|Portuguese]], as well as for facilitating trade with China and Japan.


In 1642, the Spanish were expelled from Taiwan by the Dutch. The Spanish had already abandoned their settlement in Tamsui in 1638 and the Dutch built a new fort which they named Fort Anthonio (after the Governor-General of the Dutch East India Company Anthonio van Diemen). It is today known as ''[[Angmo]] Siaa'' ({{zh|t=紅毛城|poj=Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ|l=red-hair fortress}}) and is the main building of the [[Fort San Domingo]] museum complex. In addition to "pacifying" the aboriginal tribes in the area, the Dutch also encouraged the immigration and settlement of the area by [[Han Chinese]], as well as expanding the production and trade of [[sulfur]], animal skins, and other indigenous resources.
In 1642, the Spanish were expelled from Taiwan by the Dutch. The Spanish had already abandoned their settlement in Tamsui in 1638 and the Dutch built a new fort over the ruins of [[Fort Santo Domingo]] which they renamed Fort Antonio (after the Governor-General of the Dutch East India Company [[Anthony van Diemen|Antonio van Diemen]]). It is today known as ''[[Angmo|Angmng]] Siaⁿ'' ({{zh|t=紅毛城|poj=Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ|l=red-hair fortress}}) and is the main building of the [[Fort Santo Domingo]] museum complex. In addition to "pacifying" the aboriginal tribes in the area, the Dutch also encouraged the immigration and settlement of the area by [[Han Chinese]], as well as expanding the production and trade of [[sulfur]], animal skins, and other indigenous resources.


The Dutch left Fort Zeelandia in Taiwan in 1662 following their defeat by [[Koxinga]] at the [[Siege of Fort Zeelandia]], who continued the policy of increasing [[Han Chinese]] immigration until the surrender of his grandson [[Zheng Keshuang]] to the [[Qing Dynasty]] in 1683. In 1668, the Dutch left [[Keelung]] after getting harassed by aboriginals from Tamsui.{{sfnp|Shepherd|1993|p=95}}
The Dutch left Fort Zeelandia in Taiwan in 1662 following their defeat by [[Koxinga]] at the [[Siege of Fort Zeelandia]], who continued the policy of increasing [[Han Chinese]] immigration until the surrender of his grandson [[Zheng Keshuang]] to the [[Qing Dynasty]] in 1683. In 1668, the Dutch left [[Keelung]] after getting harassed by aboriginals from Tamsui.<ref>{{cite book |last=Shepherd |first=John Robert |title=Statecraft and political economy on the Taiwan frontier, 1600–1800 |date=1993 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=9780804720663 |url={{GBurl|g3oWoSKVnVIC|page=95}} |page=95}}</ref>


===Qing dynasty===
===Qing dynasty===
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During the [[Sino-French War]] the French attempted an invasion of Taiwan during the [[Keelung Campaign]]. [[Liu Mingchuan]], who was leading the defence of Taiwan, recruited Aboriginals to serve alongside the Chinese soldiers in fighting against the French. The French were defeated at the [[Battle of Tamsui]], and the Qing forces pinned the French down at Keelung in an eight-month-long campaign before the French withdrew.
During the [[Sino-French War]] the French attempted an invasion of Taiwan during the [[Keelung Campaign]]. [[Liu Mingchuan]], who was leading the defence of Taiwan, recruited Aboriginals to serve alongside the Chinese soldiers in fighting against the French. The French were defeated at the [[Battle of Tamsui]], and the Qing forces pinned the French down at Keelung in an eight-month-long campaign before the French withdrew.


In 1884, the harbour of Tamsui was blockaded by the [[French Navy]] under the command of Admiral [[Amédée Courbet]], during the [[Sino-French War]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Elleman |first=Bruce A. |title=Modern Chinese warfare, 1795-1989 |url=https://archive.org/details/modernchinesewar00elle |url-access=limited |publisher = Routledge |date = 2001 |isbn = 9780415214735 |quote=Following this setback, the Qing court officially declared war on France on 26 August 1884. On 1 October, Admiral Courbet landed at Jilong with 2,250 men, and the city fell to the French. Chinese forces continued to encircle Jilong throughout the rest of the War. Although a French blockade thwarted all subsequent Chinese efforts to send a fleet to relieve Taiwan, the French troops never succeeded in taking the riverside town of Danshui (Tamsui) in Taiwan's northwestern coastal plain, immediately north of modern-day Taipei. As a result, French control over Taiwan was limited merely to the northern coast. China's central fleet, based in Jiangsu Province, proved unable to break through Admiral Courbet's blockade of Taiwan. Although the south quickly requested assistance from the northern fleet, Li Hongzhang refused to place his own ships in danger. This decision almost guaranteed that China's coastal waters would be dominated by the French. |page=[https://archive.org/details/modernchinesewar00elle/page/n101 89]}}</ref> The French were defeated at the [[Battle of Tamsui]] by the Chinese and, according to traditional accounts, with the divine assistance of the Goddess [[Mazu]].
In 1884, the harbour of Tamsui was blockaded by the [[French Navy]] under the command of Admiral [[Amédée Courbet]], during the [[Sino-French War]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Elleman |first=Bruce A. |title=Modern Chinese warfare, 1795–1989 |url=https://archive.org/details/modernchinesewar00elle |url-access=limited |publisher = Routledge |date = 2001 |isbn = 9780415214735 |quote=Following this setback, the Qing court officially declared war on France on 26 August 1884. On 1 October, Admiral Courbet landed at Jilong with 2,250 men, and the city fell to the French. Chinese forces continued to encircle Jilong throughout the rest of the War. Although a French blockade thwarted all subsequent Chinese efforts to send a fleet to relieve Taiwan, the French troops never succeeded in taking the riverside town of Danshui (Tamsui) in Taiwan's northwestern coastal plain, immediately north of modern-day Taipei. As a result, French control over Taiwan was limited merely to the northern coast. China's central fleet, based in Jiangsu Province, proved unable to break through Admiral Courbet's blockade of Taiwan. Although the south quickly requested assistance from the northern fleet, Li Hongzhang refused to place his own ships in danger. This decision almost guaranteed that China's coastal waters would be dominated by the French. |page=[https://archive.org/details/modernchinesewar00elle/page/n101 89]}}</ref> The French were defeated at the [[Battle of Tamsui]] by the Chinese and, according to traditional accounts, with the divine assistance of the Goddess [[Mazu]].


===Japanese rule===
===Japanese rule===
[[File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-6550512-tansui-2322-i.jpg|right|thumb|Map of Tamsui (labeled as Tansui) and surrounding area (1944)]]
[[File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-6550512-tansui-2322-i.jpg|right|thumb|Map of northwest Tamsui (labeled as Tansui) and surrounding area (1944)]]
[[File:Tansui 1 8000 1945.jpg|thumb|Map of Tamsui town (labeled as Tansui), Tamsui River and surroundings (1945)]]
By the time Taiwan was ceded to Japan following the end of the [[First Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War]] in 1895, Tamsui's position as a seaport was beginning to wane due to the accumulation of sediments in the [[Tamsui River]]. By the 20th century, most of Tamsui's port operations had moved to [[Keelung]], and the local economy had switched primarily to [[agriculture]]. However, public infrastructure construction projects by the Japanese led to Tamsui's rise as a local administrative and cultural center.
By the time Taiwan was ceded to Japan following the end of the [[First Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War]] in 1895, Tamsui's position as a seaport was beginning to wane due to the accumulation of sediments in the [[Tamsui River]]. By the 20th century, most of Tamsui's port operations had moved to [[Keelung]], and the local economy had switched primarily to [[agriculture]]. However, public infrastructure construction projects by the Japanese led to Tamsui's rise as a local administrative and cultural center.


In the early years of [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese rule]] (1895–1945), the population of the city was nearly 6,000.{{sfnp|Takekoshi|1907|p=200}} From 1920, under the prefecture system, Tamsui was called {{nihongo|Tamsui Town|淡水街}}, and was governed under Tamsui District of [[Taihoku Prefecture]].
In the early years of [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese rule]] (1895–1945), the population of the city was nearly 6,000.{{sfnp|Takekoshi|1907|p=200}} From 1920, under the prefecture system, Tamsui was called {{nihongo|Tansui Town|淡水街}}, and was governed under Tansui District of [[Taihoku Prefecture]].


===Post-war===
===Post-war===
[[File:Txu-oclc-6557994-index-457.jpg|thumb|right|Map including Tamsui (labeled as Tan-shui (Tansui) {{lang|zh-tw|淡水}}) (1950)]]
[[File:Txu-oclc-6557994-index-457.jpg|thumb|right|Map of northern Tamsui (labeled as Tan-shui (Tansui) {{lang|zh-tw|淡水}}) (1950)]]


Following the end of [[World War II]] in 1945, Tamsui reverted to being a small fishing town as [[Township (Taiwan)|township]] of [[Taipei County]]. With the expansion of nearby [[Taipei|Taipei City]], Tamsui slowly became a center for tourism along Taiwan's northwest coast. In the last ten years, the city has become popular as a suburb of Taipei in the local real estate market.
Following the end of [[World War II]] in 1945, Tamsui reverted to being a small fishing town as [[Township (Taiwan)|township]] of [[Taipei County]]. With the expansion of nearby [[Taipei|Taipei City]], Tamsui slowly became a center for tourism along Taiwan's northwest coast. In the last ten years, the city has become popular as a suburb of Taipei in the local real estate market.
Line 130: Line 149:
|-
|-
|rowspan=42 align=center|'''[[Village (Taiwan)|Urban<br />villages]]'''
|rowspan=42 align=center|'''[[Village (Taiwan)|Urban<br />villages]]'''
|{{linktext|lang=zh|中和|里}}||Jhonghe<ref name="GNISjh">{{GEOnet2|3B0E81D6C5D6655EE0440003BA962ED3|Jhonghe (Variant - V) }}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref> ||Zhonghe<ref name="GNISzh">{{GEOnet2|3B0E81D6C5D4655EE0440003BA962ED3|Zhonghe (Approved - N) }}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref> ||Chung-ho<ref name="GNISch">{{GEOnet2|32FA8817AC8B3774E0440003BA962ED3|Chung-ho (Variant - V) }}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref>||693<!--||-->
|{{linktext|lang=zh|中和|里}}||Jhonghe<ref name="GNISjh">{{GEOnet2|3B0E81D6C5D6655EE0440003BA962ED3|Jhonghe (Variant – V) }}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref> ||Zhonghe<ref name="GNISzh">{{GEOnet2|3B0E81D6C5D4655EE0440003BA962ED3|Zhonghe (Approved – N) }}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref> ||Chung-ho<ref name="GNISch">{{GEOnet2|32FA8817AC8B3774E0440003BA962ED3|Chung-ho (Variant – V) }}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref>||693<!--||-->
|-
|-
|{{linktext|lang=zh|屯山|里}}||Tunshan||Tunshan||||1,229<!--||-->
|{{linktext|lang=zh|屯山|里}}||Tunshan||Tunshan||||1,229<!--||-->
Line 214: Line 233:
|{{linktext|lang=zh|大庄|里}}||Dajhuang||Dazhuang||||4,451<!--||-->
|{{linktext|lang=zh|大庄|里}}||Dajhuang||Dazhuang||||4,451<!--||-->
|}
|}

==Climate==

{{Weather box
|metric first = y
|single line = y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Tamsui District (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1942–present）
|Jan record high C = 28.4
|Feb record high C = 29.0
|Mar record high C = 31.9
|Apr record high C = 33.6
|May record high C = 35.8
|Jun record high C = 37.3
|Jul record high C = 38.8
|Aug record high C = 38.5
|Sep record high C = 37.4
|Oct record high C = 35.8
|Nov record high C = 32.8
|Dec record high C = 30.5
|year record high C =
| Jan high C = 18.8
| Feb high C = 19.3
| Mar high C = 21.6
| Apr high C = 25.4
| May high C = 28.8
| Jun high C = 31.3
| Jul high C = 33.3
| Aug high C = 33.1
| Sep high C = 30.9
| Oct high C = 27.1
| Nov high C = 24.4
| Dec high C = 20.6
| year high C = 26.2
| Jan mean C = 15.4
| Feb mean C = 15.7
| Mar mean C = 17.7
| Apr mean C = 21.4
| May mean C = 24.7
| Jun mean C = 27.3
| Jul mean C = 29.0
| Aug mean C = 28.7
| Sep mean C = 26.9
| Oct mean C = 23.6
| Nov mean C = 21.0
| Dec mean C = 17.3
| year mean C = 22.4
| Jan low C = 12.7
| Feb low C = 13.0
| Mar low C = 14.7
| Apr low C = 18.3
| May low C = 21.6
| Jun low C = 24.2
| Jul low C = 25.7
| Aug low C = 25.5
| Sep low C = 23.8
| Oct low C = 20.9
| Nov low C = 18.3
| Dec low C = 14.6
| year low C = 19.4
|Jan record low C = 2.3
|Feb record low C = 3.2
|Mar record low C = 3.1
|Apr record low C = 6.7
|May record low C = 13.4
|Jun record low C = 15.4
|Jul record low C = 20.4
|Aug record low C = 19.6
|Sep record low C = 15.5
|Oct record low C = 10.6
|Nov record low C = 7.6
|Dec record low C = 4.2
|year record low C =
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm =105.9
| Feb precipitation mm =148.0
| Mar precipitation mm =153.4
| Apr precipitation mm =157.6
| May precipitation mm =239.8
| Jun precipitation mm =257.4
| Jul precipitation mm =119.8
| Aug precipitation mm =218.3
| Sep precipitation mm =290.1
| Oct precipitation mm =165.8
| Nov precipitation mm =104.2
| Dec precipitation mm =112.4
|year precipitation mm=
| Jan humidity = 80.8
| Feb humidity = 82.4
| Mar humidity = 81.0
| Apr humidity = 79.9
| May humidity = 79.2
| Jun humidity = 79.9
| Jul humidity = 75.0
| Aug humidity = 76.0
| Sep humidity = 76.1
| Oct humidity = 77.8
| Nov humidity = 78.5
| Dec humidity = 79.0
|year humidity =
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 13.9
| Feb precipitation days = 13.8
| Mar precipitation days = 15.2
| Apr precipitation days = 13.6
| May precipitation days = 12.6
| Jun precipitation days = 12.2
| Jul precipitation days = 8.3
| Aug precipitation days = 10.9
| Sep precipitation days = 11.8
| Oct precipitation days = 12.3
| Nov precipitation days = 12.4
| Dec precipitation days = 12.5
|year precipitation days =
| Jan sun = 83.1
| Feb sun = 80.4
| Mar sun = 92.7
| Apr sun = 105.9
| May sun = 135.6
| Jun sun = 155.9
| Jul sun = 226.9
| Aug sun = 208.6
| Sep sun = 171.7
| Oct sun = 127.5
| Nov sun = 101.9
| Dec sun = 84.1
|year sun =
|source 1 = Central Weather Bureau<ref name= CWB>{{cite web |url = https://www.cwb.gov.tw/V8/C/C/Statistics/monthlymean.html|title = Monthly Mean |publisher = [[Central Weather Bureau]] |access-date = 29 November 2022 }}</ref><ref name=CWBrecordhighs1>{{cite web |url=https://www.cwb.gov.tw/Data/climate/Statistics/pdf/sort_18.pdf |title=氣象站各月份最高氣溫統計 |publisher=Central Weather Bureau |language=zh |access-date=29 November 2022}}</ref><ref name=CWBrecordhighs2>{{cite web |url=https://www.cwb.gov.tw/Data/climate/Statistics/pdf/sort_19.pdf |title=氣象站各月份最高氣溫統計(續) |publisher=Central Weather Bureau |language=zh |access-date=29 November 2022}}</ref><ref name=CWBrecordlows1>{{cite web |url=https://www.cwb.gov.tw/Data/climate/Statistics/pdf/sort_20.pdf |title=氣象站各月份最低氣溫統計 |publisher=Central Weather Bureau |language=zh |access-date=29 November 2022}}</ref><ref name=CWBrecordlow2>{{cite web |url=https://www.cwb.gov.tw/Data/climate/Statistics/pdf/sort_21.pdf |title=氣象站各月份最低氣溫統計(續) |publisher=Central Weather Bureau |language=zh |access-date=29 November 2022}}</ref>
}}


==Education==
==Education==
Line 219: Line 367:
* [[St. John's University (Taiwan)|St. John's University]]
* [[St. John's University (Taiwan)|St. John's University]]
* [[Tamkang University]]
* [[Tamkang University]]
* [[Taipei College of Maritime Technology]]
* [[Taipei University of Marine Technology]]
* [[New Taipei Municipal Tam-Shui Vocational High School]]
* [[New Taipei Municipal Tam-Shui Vocational High School]]
* [[New Taipei Municipal Zhuwei High School]]
* [[New Taipei Municipal Zhuwei High School]]
Line 225: Line 373:


==Tourist attractions==
==Tourist attractions==
[[File:Danshui 080120 3.jpg|thumb|Fort San Domingo]]
[[File:Tamsui Old Street Buildings 08.23 (4).jpg|250px|thumb|right|Shophouses along Zhongzheng road]]
[[File:Danshui 080120 3.jpg|250px|thumb|Fort Santo Domingo]]
* [[Drop of Water Memorial Hall]]
* [[Drop of Water Memorial Hall]]
* [[Former British Merchant Warehouse]]
* [[Former British Merchant Warehouse]]
* [[Fort San Domingo]]
* [[Fort Santo Domingo]]
* [[Hobe Fort]]
* [[Hobe Fort]]
* [[Museum of Tamsui Fishiegoodies]]
* [[Museum of Tamsui Fishiegoodies]]
Line 239: Line 388:
* [[Tamsui Historical Museum]]
* [[Tamsui Historical Museum]]
* [[Tamsui Lover's Bridge]]
* [[Tamsui Lover's Bridge]]
* Tamsui Lovers' Tower
* Tamsui Lungshan Temple
* Tamsui Lungshan Temple
* [[Tamsui Meteorological Observatory]]
* [[Tamsui Meteorological Observatory]]
Line 259: Line 409:


==Sister city==
==Sister city==
*{{flagicon|United States}} [[Chico, California]], [[United States|U.S.]] – 1985<ref>{{cite news|last1=Guo|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Kennedy|first2=Brian|date=10 July 2008|title=Tale of two towns: Chico, Calif., and Tamsui, Taiwan, Republic of China, have more in common than you might think|work=Chico News & Review|url=http://www.newsreview.com/chico/tale-of-two-towns/content?oid=692352|url-status=live|access-date=28 December 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|United States}} [[Chico, California|Chico]], [[United States|U.S.]] – 1985<ref>{{cite news|last1=Guo|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Kennedy|first2=Brian|date=10 July 2008|title=Tale of two towns: Chico, Calif., and Tamsui, Taiwan, Republic of China, have more in common than you might think|work=Chico News & Review|url=http://www.newsreview.com/chico/tale-of-two-towns/content?oid=692352|access-date=28 December 2014}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Ōi, Fukui|Ōi]], [[Japan]] – 2023


==Notable natives==
==Notable natives==

Latest revision as of 11:45, 20 September 2024

Tamsui, Taiwan
淡水區
Tansui, Danshuei, Tanshui, Danshui
District
Tamsui District in New Taipei City
Tamsui District in New Taipei City
Coordinates: 25°10′19″N 121°26′38″E / 25.17194°N 121.44389°E / 25.17194; 121.44389
Country Republic of China
Special municipalityNew Taipei City, Taiwan
Area
 • Total
70.65 km2 (27.28 sq mi)
Population
 (February 2023)
 • Total
189,271
 • Density2,299/km2 (5,950/sq mi)
Time zone+8
Websitewww.tamsui.ntpc.gov.tw/en.php Edit this at Wikidata
Tamsui
Tamsui District office
Chinese name
Chinese淡水
PostalTamsui
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinDànshuǐ
Bopomofoㄉㄢˋ   ㄕㄨㄟˇ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhDannshoei
Wade–GilesTan4-shui3
Tongyong PinyinDànshuěi
Yale RomanizationDànshwěi
MPS2Dànshuěi
IPA[tân.ʂwèɪ]
Hakka
Pha̍k-fa-sṳTham-súi
Yue: Cantonese
JyutpingDaam6-sui2
Southern Min
Hokkien POJTām-chúi
Tâi-lôTām-tsuí
Hobe
Traditional Chinese滬尾
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinHùwěi
Bopomofoㄏㄨˋ   ㄨㄟˇ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhHuhwoei
Wade–GilesHu4-wei3
Tongyong PinyinHùwěi
Yale RomanizationHùwěi
MPS2Hùwěi
IPA[xû.wèɪ]
Yue: Cantonese
JyutpingWu6-mei5
Southern Min
Hokkien POJHō͘-bé
Japanese name
Kanji淡水
Kanaたんすい
Transcriptions
RomanizationTansui

Tamsui District[1][2][3][4] (Chinese: 淡水; pinyin: Dànshuǐ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tām-chúi; Tâi-lô: Tām-tsuí) is a seaside district in New Taipei City, Taiwan adjacent to the Tamsui River and overlooking the Taiwan Strait. The name of the district means "fresh water" in Chinese. Although modest in size (population 189,271), Tamsui plays a significant role in Taiwanese history and culture.

Name

[edit]

Historical

[edit]

The Ketagalan aborigines called the location around modern Tamsui Hoba, meaning "stream's mouth." Hoba transliterated into Taiwanese Hokkien as Hobe. Historical works in English have referred to the place as "Hobe,"[5] "Hobé,"[6] or "Hobe Village."[7] 17th-century Spanish colonists labeled the region Casidor and the Tamsui River Kimalon. Dutch records reference the names Tamsuy and Tampsui but also refer to another "Lower Tamsuy" in southern Taiwan.[8]

Pastor George Leslie Mackay popularized "Tamsui" as the English-language transliteration in his 1895 book From Far Formosa.[9] "Tamsui" is consistent with Hokkien literary readings,[10][11] and (possibly by chance) is equal to the Church Romanization of an older pronunciation (Tām-súi) minus tone markings and hyphen.[12] By 1900, the "Tamsui" variant was already well-known[13] and featured prominently in two English-language maps of the area.[14] However, some naming confusion persisted, as evidenced by United States diplomat James W. Davidson's 1903 book The Island of Formosa. Davidson lists "Tamsui, Tamshuy, Tamshui, Tamsoui, [and] Tan-sui" as acceptable spellings and pronunciations.[6]

Historically, the term "Tamsui" is ambiguous, as "it may mean the harbor, the river, the village of Hobe, Twatutia, or Banka, and it may mean the whole district."[15]

Modern

[edit]

From 1950 until the 2010 creation of New Taipei City, Tamsui was officially "Tamsui Township" (Chinese: 淡水鎮; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tām-chúi-tìn; Tâi-lô: Tām-tsuí-tìn) in the former Taipei County. The spelling "Danshui" (from Hànyǔ Pīnyīn Dànshuǐ), formerly used officially by the Taiwan government, Taipei Metro, and other sources, is based on the Mandarin pronunciation. Having long used "Tamsui" as the official English name,[citation needed] the local government of the district informed the national government in 2011 that "Tamsui" rather than "Danshui" should be used in English.

History

[edit]

Spanish colony

[edit]
Taiwanese natives in Tamsui under Spanish Formosa

The Spanish arrived in the area of Tamsui in the early 17th century. In the fall of 1629, the Spanish established the first major non-aboriginal settlement comprising the town and mission of Santo Domingo. The Spanish occupied northern Taiwan for the purpose of securing Spanish sea trade routes from coastal Fujian to Spanish Philippines against the Dutch (who were already established in the South of Taiwan by then), the British, and the Portuguese, as well as for facilitating trade with China and Japan.

In 1642, the Spanish were expelled from Taiwan by the Dutch. The Spanish had already abandoned their settlement in Tamsui in 1638 and the Dutch built a new fort over the ruins of Fort Santo Domingo which they renamed Fort Antonio (after the Governor-General of the Dutch East India Company Antonio van Diemen). It is today known as Angmng Siaⁿ (Chinese: 紅毛城; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ; lit. 'red-hair fortress') and is the main building of the Fort Santo Domingo museum complex. In addition to "pacifying" the aboriginal tribes in the area, the Dutch also encouraged the immigration and settlement of the area by Han Chinese, as well as expanding the production and trade of sulfur, animal skins, and other indigenous resources.

The Dutch left Fort Zeelandia in Taiwan in 1662 following their defeat by Koxinga at the Siege of Fort Zeelandia, who continued the policy of increasing Han Chinese immigration until the surrender of his grandson Zheng Keshuang to the Qing Dynasty in 1683. In 1668, the Dutch left Keelung after getting harassed by aboriginals from Tamsui.[16]

Qing dynasty

[edit]
Tamsui (淡水)

Because of its proximity to mainland China, as well as its location in a natural harbor, Tamsui quickly became a major fishing and trade port. The Qing naval patrol also established an outpost in Tamsui in 1808. In 1862, the Qing government opened Tamsui to foreign trade under the terms of the Treaty of Tientsin, exporting tea, camphor, sulfur, coal, opium, and dyes. By the mid-19th century Tamsui had become the largest port in Taiwan, boasting a sizable foreign population as well as a British consulate at Fort Santo Domingo.[17][18]

Tamsui in 1895.

Canadian medical doctor and missionary George Leslie Mackay arrived in Tamsui on 9 March 1872, proceeding to establish Taiwan's first hospitals in Western medicine and formal educational facilities, including Oxford College (now part of Aletheia University), the oldest European-style higher-education institution in Taiwan by some measure.

During the Sino-French War the French attempted an invasion of Taiwan during the Keelung Campaign. Liu Mingchuan, who was leading the defence of Taiwan, recruited Aboriginals to serve alongside the Chinese soldiers in fighting against the French. The French were defeated at the Battle of Tamsui, and the Qing forces pinned the French down at Keelung in an eight-month-long campaign before the French withdrew.

In 1884, the harbour of Tamsui was blockaded by the French Navy under the command of Admiral Amédée Courbet, during the Sino-French War.[19] The French were defeated at the Battle of Tamsui by the Chinese and, according to traditional accounts, with the divine assistance of the Goddess Mazu.

Japanese rule

[edit]
Map of northwest Tamsui (labeled as Tansui) and surrounding area (1944)
Map of Tamsui town (labeled as Tansui), Tamsui River and surroundings (1945)

By the time Taiwan was ceded to Japan following the end of the Sino-Japanese War in 1895, Tamsui's position as a seaport was beginning to wane due to the accumulation of sediments in the Tamsui River. By the 20th century, most of Tamsui's port operations had moved to Keelung, and the local economy had switched primarily to agriculture. However, public infrastructure construction projects by the Japanese led to Tamsui's rise as a local administrative and cultural center.

In the early years of Japanese rule (1895–1945), the population of the city was nearly 6,000.[20] From 1920, under the prefecture system, Tamsui was called Tansui Town (淡水街), and was governed under Tansui District of Taihoku Prefecture.

Post-war

[edit]
Map of northern Tamsui (labeled as Tan-shui (Tansui) 淡水) (1950)

Following the end of World War II in 1945, Tamsui reverted to being a small fishing town as township of Taipei County. With the expansion of nearby Taipei City, Tamsui slowly became a center for tourism along Taiwan's northwest coast. In the last ten years, the city has become popular as a suburb of Taipei in the local real estate market.

Following the completion of the Taipei Metro's Tamsui Line in 1997, the town experienced a sharp increase in tourist traffic, reflected in the completion of several riverside parks, the growth of open-air markets specializing in traditional handicrafts and street-stall snacks, the construction of a fisherman's wharf, and the increase in passenger ferries traversing across and along the river.

Administrative divisions

[edit]

Tamsui District administers forty-two urban villages (里).[21]

Division Chinese[21][22] Romanization
(from Tongyong Pinyin)[23][24]		 Romanization
(from Hanyu Pinyin)[25][24]		 Romanization
(from Wade–Giles)		 Population (2010)[21]
Urban
villages 		中和里 Jhonghe[26] Zhonghe[27] Chung-ho[28] 693
屯山里 Tunshan Tunshan 1,229
賢孝里 Siansiao Xianxiao Hsien-hsiao 1,736
興仁里 Singren Xingren Hsing-jen 1,749
蕃薯里 Fanshu Fanshu Fan-shu 1,076
義山里 Yishan Yishan I-shan 2,820
忠山里 Jhongshan Zhongshan Chung-shan 1,026
崁頂里 Kanding Kanding K’an-ting 2,632
埤島里 Pidao Pidao P’i-tao 1,312
新興里 Sinsing Xinxing Hsin-hsing 6,547
水碓里 Shueiduei[29] Shuidui Shui-tui 6,304
北投里 Beitou Beitou Pei-t’ou 5,779
水源里 Shueiyuan Shuiyuan Shui-yüan 2,516
忠寮里 Jhongliao Zhongliao Chung-liao 1,354
樹興里 Shusing Shuxing Shu-hsing 1,165
坪頂里 Pingding Pingding P’ing-ting 1,411
福德里 Fude Fude Fu-te 6,574
竹圍里 Jhuwei Zhuwei Chu-wei 6,322
民生里 Minsheng Minsheng Min-sheng 6,774
八勢里 Bashih Bashi Pa-shih 4,374
竿蓁里 Ganjhen Ganzhen Kan-chen 7,890
鄧公里 Denggong Denggong 6,355
中興里 Jhongsing Zhongxing Chung-hsing 4,613
長庚里 Changgeng Changgeng 1,686
清文里 Cingwun Qingwen 1,320
草東里 Caodong Caodong 901
協元里 Sieyuan Xieyuan 1,749
永吉里 Yongji Yongji 1,018
民安里 Min-an Minan/Min'an 930
新生里 Sinsheng Xinsheng Hsin-sheng 999
文化里 Wunhua Wenhua 2,133
油車里 Youche Youche Yu-ch’e 5,628
沙崙里 Shalun Shalun Sha-lun 3,499
新義里 Sinyi Xinyi Hsin-i 4,658
新春里 Sinchun Xinchun 6,870
新民里 Sinmin Xinmen Hsin-min 4,960
正德里 Jhengde Zhengde Cheng-te 4,482
北新里 Beisin Beixin Pei-hsin 2,907
民權里 Mincyuan Minquan Min-ch’uan/Min-ch’üan 3,940
幸福里 Singfu Xingfu Hsing-fu 4,742
學府里 Syuefu Xuefu 4,357
大庄里 Dajhuang Dazhuang 4,451

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Tamsui District (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1942–present）
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 28.4
(83.1) 		29.0
(84.2) 		31.9
(89.4) 		33.6
(92.5) 		35.8
(96.4) 		37.3
(99.1) 		38.8
(101.8) 		38.5
(101.3) 		37.4
(99.3) 		35.8
(96.4) 		32.8
(91.0) 		30.5
(86.9) 		38.8
(101.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 18.8
(65.8) 		19.3
(66.7) 		21.6
(70.9) 		25.4
(77.7) 		28.8
(83.8) 		31.3
(88.3) 		33.3
(91.9) 		33.1
(91.6) 		30.9
(87.6) 		27.1
(80.8) 		24.4
(75.9) 		20.6
(69.1) 		26.2
(79.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 15.4
(59.7) 		15.7
(60.3) 		17.7
(63.9) 		21.4
(70.5) 		24.7
(76.5) 		27.3
(81.1) 		29.0
(84.2) 		28.7
(83.7) 		26.9
(80.4) 		23.6
(74.5) 		21.0
(69.8) 		17.3
(63.1) 		22.4
(72.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 12.7
(54.9) 		13.0
(55.4) 		14.7
(58.5) 		18.3
(64.9) 		21.6
(70.9) 		24.2
(75.6) 		25.7
(78.3) 		25.5
(77.9) 		23.8
(74.8) 		20.9
(69.6) 		18.3
(64.9) 		14.6
(58.3) 		19.4
(66.9)
Record low °C (°F) 2.3
(36.1) 		3.2
(37.8) 		3.1
(37.6) 		6.7
(44.1) 		13.4
(56.1) 		15.4
(59.7) 		20.4
(68.7) 		19.6
(67.3) 		15.5
(59.9) 		10.6
(51.1) 		7.6
(45.7) 		4.2
(39.6) 		2.3
(36.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 105.9
(4.17) 		148.0
(5.83) 		153.4
(6.04) 		157.6
(6.20) 		239.8
(9.44) 		257.4
(10.13) 		119.8
(4.72) 		218.3
(8.59) 		290.1
(11.42) 		165.8
(6.53) 		104.2
(4.10) 		112.4
(4.43) 		2,072.7
(81.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 13.9 13.8 15.2 13.6 12.6 12.2 8.3 10.9 11.8 12.3 12.4 12.5 149.5
Average relative humidity (%) 80.8 82.4 81.0 79.9 79.2 79.9 75.0 76.0 76.1 77.8 78.5 79.0 78.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 83.1 80.4 92.7 105.9 135.6 155.9 226.9 208.6 171.7 127.5 101.9 84.1 1,574.3
Source: Central Weather Bureau[30][31][32][33][34]

Education

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Tourist attractions

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Shophouses along Zhongzheng road
Fort Santo Domingo

Transportation

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MRT Tamsui Station

Taipei Metro

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Light rail

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Sister city

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Notable natives

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  • A French sketch of Tamsui in 1893
    A French sketch of Tamsui in 1893
  • Tamsui Port, circa 1970
    Tamsui Port, circa 1970
  • The Yinshan Temple in Tamsui, 2018
    The Yinshan Temple in Tamsui, 2018
  • Tamsui Harbor (Li Mei-shu, 1930)
    Tamsui Harbor (Li Mei-shu, 1930)
  • Tamsui (Tan Ting-pho, 1935) – 91 × 116.5 cm – Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts
    Tamsui (Tan Ting-pho, 1935) – 91 × 116.5 cm – Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts
  • Tamsui Church (Ni Chiang-huai, 1936) – Paper, watercolor – 49.5 × 66 cm – Taipei Museum of Fine Arts
    Tamsui Church (Ni Chiang-huai, 1936) – Paper, watercolor – 49.5 × 66 cm – Taipei Museum of Fine Arts
  • Tamsui waterfront at sunset
    Tamsui waterfront at sunset
  • The sunset in front of the Long Pier of Tamsui
    The sunset in front of the Long Pier of Tamsui

Sources

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Notes

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  1. ^ "About Tamsui". Tamsui District Office, New Taipei City Government. Retrieved 13 July 2019. Tamsui District
  2. ^ 臺灣地區鄉鎮市區級以上行政區域名稱中英對照表 (PDF). Online Translation System of Geographic Name, Ministry of Interior. 16 June 2011. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2012. 淡水區 Tamsui District 「淡水」依國際通用、 約定俗成方式譯寫
  3. ^ Edward Stanford (1908). Atlas of the Chinese Empire (1 ed.). pp. 2, 13 – via Internet Archive. Tamsui
    {...}
    Tamsui, Formosa . . 25.11 N 121.26 E
  4. ^ Index to Map of China (2 ed.). Shanghai: Far Eastern Geographical Establishment. 1915. p. 86 – via Internet Archive. Tamsui ... ... ... 儋 州 [sic] Formosa ... 臺灣 ... 25.11 N 121.26 E
  5. ^ Davidson (1903), p. 310.
  6. ^ a b Davidson (1903), p. 261.
  7. ^ Davidson (1903), p. 310 (illustration).
  8. ^ Campbell, William (1903). "Explanatory Notes". Formosa under the Dutch: described from contemporary records, with explanatory notes and a bibliography of the island. London: Kegan Paul. p. 548. OCLC 644323041.
  9. ^ "譯名鬧雙包 淡水正名Tamsui". 2011-08-05. Retrieved 2023-10-27.
  10. ^ "Entry #824 (水)". 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]. (in Chinese and Hokkien). Ministry of Education, R.O.C. 2011.
  11. ^ Iûⁿ, Ún-giân. 台語線頂字典 [Taiwanese Online Character Dictionary].
  12. ^ Douglas, Carstairs (1899). Chinese-English dictionary of the vernacular or spoken language of Amoy (2nd ed.). London: Presbyterian church of England. p. 473. OCLC 5516636. OL 25126855M.
  13. ^ Davidson (1903), p. iii: "In later chapters describing the island under Japanese rule, and in the map, the Japanese name is given first, and the Chinese in brackets, with the exception of a few well-known names such as Kelung, Takow, etc., and some English names of islands in the Pescadores." (Note: "Tansui" is not found until the index and is absent from the map)
  14. ^ see, for example:
  15. ^ Davidson (1903), p. 261: "The term Tamsui is used in a most liberal way; it may mean the harbor, the river, the village of Hobe, Twatutia, or Banka, and it may mean the whole district. Properly it is but the name of a river. A resident of Twatutia may likewise describe himself as a residient either of Twatutia, Taipehfu, or Tamsui, and still be quite correct so far as custom goes, although ordinarily the merchants and consuls, whether at Hobe or Twatutia, use Tamsui as their address."
  16. ^ Shepherd, John Robert (1993). Statecraft and political economy on the Taiwan frontier, 1600–1800. Stanford University Press. p. 95. ISBN 9780804720663.
  17. ^ NEVILLE-HADLEY, PETER (2014). "Sleepy Tamsui Once a Thriving Treaty Port". Culture Locker. Meridian Writers’ Group.
  18. ^ The consulate was closed on 13 March 1972 and returned to the authorities in 1980. See Sino-British relations.
  19. ^ Elleman, Bruce A. (2001). Modern Chinese warfare, 1795–1989. Routledge. p. 89. ISBN 9780415214735. Following this setback, the Qing court officially declared war on France on 26 August 1884. On 1 October, Admiral Courbet landed at Jilong with 2,250 men, and the city fell to the French. Chinese forces continued to encircle Jilong throughout the rest of the War. Although a French blockade thwarted all subsequent Chinese efforts to send a fleet to relieve Taiwan, the French troops never succeeded in taking the riverside town of Danshui (Tamsui) in Taiwan's northwestern coastal plain, immediately north of modern-day Taipei. As a result, French control over Taiwan was limited merely to the northern coast. China's central fleet, based in Jiangsu Province, proved unable to break through Admiral Courbet's blockade of Taiwan. Although the south quickly requested assistance from the northern fleet, Li Hongzhang refused to place his own ships in danger. This decision almost guaranteed that China's coastal waters would be dominated by the French.
  20. ^ Takekoshi (1907), p. 200.
  21. ^ a b c 吳明勇 (ed.). 第壹篇 沿革志 (PDF) (in Chinese (Taiwan)). pp. 83–84. Retrieved 12 July 2019. 附表 17：2010 年 12 月淡水鎮各里人口統計表{...}42
  22. ^ 107年地方公職人員選舉 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Central Election Commission. Retrieved 12 July 2019. 中和里 屯山里 賢孝里 興仁里 蕃薯里 義山里 忠山里 崁頂里 埤島里 新興里 水碓里 北投里 水源里 忠寮里 樹興里 坪頂里 福德里 竹圍里 民生里 八勢里 竿蓁里 鄧公里 中興里 長庚里 清文里 草東里 協元里 永吉里 民安里 新生里 文化里 油車里 沙崙里 新義里 新春里 新民里 正德里 北新里 民權里 幸福里 學府里 大庄里
  23. ^ "district+map.pdf" (PDF). Tamsui District Office, New Taipei City Government. Retrieved 12 July 2019. [main]Tunshan Vlg. Siansiao Vlg. Jhonghe Vlg. Singren Vlg. Fanshu Vlg. Yishan Vlg. Jhongshan Vlg. Kanding Vlg. Jhongliao Vlg. Pidao Vlg. Shalun Vlg. Dajhuang Vlg. Sinchun Vlg. Shueiyuan Vlg. Beitou Vlg. Youche Vlg. Sinsing Vlg. Jhongde Vlg. Sinmin Vlg. Shueiduei Vlg. Beisin Vlg. Sinyi Vlg. Wunhua Vlg. Jhongsing Vlg. Syuefu Vlg. Shusing Vlg. Denggong Vlg. Sinfu[sic] Vlg. Ganjhen Vlg. Pingding Vlg. Bashih Vlg. Minsheng Vlg. Jhuwei Vlg. Mingcyuan Vlg. Fude Vlg. [inset] Wunhua Vlg. Sieyuan Vlg. Sinsheng Vlg. Yongji Vlg. Cingwun Vlg. Sinfu Vlg.[mislabeled; should be 'Changgeng Vlg.'] Min-an Vlg. Caodong Vlg. Sinfu[sic] Vlg. (note that the transcription of the map is approximate; the map also includes some blatant errors)
  24. ^ a b "Map of Administrative Districts". Tamsui District Office, New Taipei City Government. Retrieved 12 July 2019. Tamsui Include Tunshan Vlg. Jhonghe Vlg. Siansiao Vlg. Fansh[sic] Vlg.Singren Vlg. Yishan Vlg. Jhongshan Vlg. Kanding Vlg. Pidao Vlg.Jhongliao Vlg.Shueiyuan Vlg. Beitou Vlg. Shalun Vlg.Dazhung[sic] Vlg.Youche Vlg. Xinchun Vlg. Xinxing Vlg. Xinmin Vlg. Wenhua Vlg. Zhengde Vlg.Shuidui Vlg. Xinyi Vlg. Beixin Vlg. Jhongsing Vlg. Syuefu Vlg. Denggog[sic] Vlg. Sinfu Vlg. Shusing Vlg. Ganjhen Vlg. Xleyuan[sic] Vlg. Xinsheng Vlg. Uongli[sic] Vlg. Min-an Vlg. Cingwen Vlg. Changgeng Vlg. Caodong Vlg. pingding[sic] Vlg. Bashih Vlg. Minsheng Vlg. Jhuwei Vlg. Minocyuan[sic] Vlg. Fude Vlg. (note that the list includes some blatant errors)
  25. ^ "2018 Local Elections". Central Election Commission. Retrieved 12 July 2019. Zhonghe Vil. Tunshan Vil. Xianxiao Vil. Xingren Vil. Fanshu Vil. Yishan Vil. Zhongshan Vil. Kanding Vil. Beidao Vil. Xinxing Vil. Shuidui Vil. Beitou Vil. Shuiyuan Vil. Zhongliao Vil. Shuxing Vil. Pingding Vil. Fude Vil. Zhuwei Vil. Minsheng Vil. Bashi Vil. Ganzhen Vil. Denggong Vil. Zhongxing Vil. Zhanggeng[sic] Vil. Qingwen Vil. Caotung[sic] Vil. Xieyuan Vil. Yongji Vil. Minan Vil. Xinsheng Vil. Wenhua Vil. Youju[sic] Vil. Shalun Vil. Xinyi Vil. Xinchun Vil. Xinmin Vil. Zhengde Vil. Beixin Vil. Minquan Vil. Xingfu Vil. Xuefu Vil. Dazhuang Vil. (note that the list includes some blatant errors)
  26. ^ Jhonghe (Variant – V) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  27. ^ Zhonghe (Approved – N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  28. ^ Chung-ho (Variant – V) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  29. ^ "Police Station". Retrieved 12 July 2019. Shueiduei
  30. ^ "Monthly Mean". Central Weather Bureau. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  31. ^ "氣象站各月份最高氣溫統計" (PDF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  32. ^ "氣象站各月份最高氣溫統計(續)" (PDF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  33. ^ "氣象站各月份最低氣溫統計" (PDF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  34. ^ "氣象站各月份最低氣溫統計(續)" (PDF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  35. ^ Guo, Elizabeth; Kennedy, Brian (10 July 2008). "Tale of two towns: Chico, Calif., and Tamsui, Taiwan, Republic of China, have more in common than you might think". Chico News & Review. Retrieved 28 December 2014.

Bibliography

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[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tamsui District, New Taipei.
Look up Tamsui in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamsui_District&oldid=1246676215"