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{{Thoroughbred racehorse infobox
{{Short description|British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse}}

{{Good article}}
{{Infobox racehorse
| horsename =Paradox
| horsename =Paradox
| image_name = The Birdcage at Newmarket on 2000 Guineas Day.jpg
| image_name = The Birdcage at Newmarket on 2000 Guineas Day.jpg
Line 12: Line 15:
| colour = [[Bay (horse)|Bay]]
| colour = [[Bay (horse)|Bay]]
| breeder = Graham brothers
| breeder = Graham brothers
| owner = [[Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster]]<br>[[William Brodrick Cloete]]
| owner = [[Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster]]<br>[[William Broderick Cloete]]
| trainer = [[John Porter (horseman)|John Porter]]<br>Richard Marsh
| trainer = [[John Porter (horseman)|John Porter]]<br>Richard Marsh
| record = 8:6-1-1
| record = 8:6-1-1
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}}
}}


'''Paradox''' (1882&ndash;1890) was a British [[Thoroughbred]] racehorse and [[Horse breeding#Terminology|sire]]. In a career that lasted from October 1884 to October 1885 he ran eight times and won six races. Despite only running twice in 1884, he proved himself to be one of the best two-year-olds of his generation by winning the [[Dewhurst Stakes|Dewhurst Plate]]. In the following year he won five of his six races including the [[2,000 Guineas]], the [[Grand Prix de Paris]], the [[Sussex Stakes]] and the [[Champion Stakes]]. His only defeat came when he was narrowly beaten by [[Melton (horse)|Melton]] in the [[Epsom Derby]].
'''Paradox''' (1882&ndash;1890) was a British [[Thoroughbred]] racehorse and [[Horse breeding#Terminology|sire]]. In a career that lasted from October 1884 until October 1885 he ran eight times and won six races. Despite running only twice in 1884, he proved himself to be one of the best two-year-olds of his generation by winning the [[Dewhurst Stakes|Dewhurst Plate]]. In the following year he won five of his six races including the [[2,000 Guineas]], the [[Grand Prix de Paris]], the [[Sussex Stakes]] and the [[Champion Stakes]]. His only defeat came when he was narrowly beaten by [[Melton (horse)|Melton]] in [[Epsom Derby|The Derby]].


The final phase of the colt's racing career was marked by controversy and recrimination following his withdrawal from the [[Cambridgeshire Handicap]] in the autumn of 1885 and he was retired from racing in 1886. Paradox had little opportunity to establish himself at [[Stud farm|stud]], dying in 1890 at the age of eight.
The final phase of the colt's racing career was marked by controversy and recrimination following his withdrawal from the [[Cambridgeshire Handicap]] in the autumn of 1885 and he was retired from racing in 1886. Paradox had little opportunity to establish himself at [[Stud farm|stud]], dying in 1890 at the age of eight.


==Background==
==Background==
Paradox was a strongly-built [[Bay (horse)|bay]] horse bred by the Graham brothers at the Yardley Stud near [[Birmingham]].<ref name="Mortimer"/> He was sired by the [[2,000 Guineas Stakes|2,000 Guineas]] runner-up Sterling out of Casuistry, an undistinguished racehorse<ref name="Erigero">{{cite web|author=Patricia Erigero Thoroughbred Heritage |url=http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/Sterling.html#Paradox |title=Sterling |publisher=Tbheritage.com |date= |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> who had been sold cheaply at the end of her racing career by [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery|Lord Rosebery]]. Casuistry became an important [[Horse breeding#Teraminlogy|broodmare]], being the direct female ancestor of notable thoroughbreds such as [[Humorist (horse)|Humorist]], [[Royal Palace (horse)|Royal Palace]] and [[Spend a Buck]].<ref name="bloodlines1">{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Families/Family1s.htm |title=Web - Family 1-s |publisher=Bloodlines.net |date= |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> As a [[yearling (horse)|yearling]] Paradox was bought for 700 [[Guinea (British coin)|guineas]] by the trainer [[John Porter (horseman)|John Porter]] on behalf of his associate, Captain Bowling.<ref name="autogeneratedcl">{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850516.2.67&srpos=6&e=01-05-1885-31-05-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=NEWMARKET FIRST SPRING |publisher=Otago Witness |date=16 May 1885 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> Porter trained the colt at his stable at [[Kingsclere]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.horseracinghistory.co.uk/hrho/action/viewDocument?id=976 |title=John Porter |publisher=Horseracing History Online |date= |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref>
Paradox was a strongly-built [[Bay (horse)|bay]] horse bred by the Graham brothers at the Yardley Stud near [[Birmingham]].<ref name="Mortimer"/> He was sired by the [[2,000 Guineas Stakes|2,000 Guineas]] runner-up Sterling out of Casuistry, an undistinguished racehorse<ref name="Erigero">{{cite web|author=Patricia Erigero Thoroughbred Heritage |url=http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/Sterling.html#Paradox |title=Sterling |publisher=Tbheritage.com |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> who had been sold cheaply at the end of her racing career by [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery|Lord Rosebery]]. Casuistry became an important [[Horse breeding#Teraminlogy|broodmare]], being the direct female ancestor of notable thoroughbreds such as [[Humorist (horse)|Humorist]], [[Royal Palace (horse)|Royal Palace]] and [[Spend a Buck]].<ref name="bloodlines1">{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Families/Family1s.htm |title=Web - Family 1-s |publisher=Bloodlines.net |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> As a [[yearling (horse)|yearling]] Paradox was bought for 700 [[Guinea (British coin)|guineas]] by the trainer [[John Porter (horseman)|John Porter]] on behalf of his associate, Captain Bowling.<ref name="autogeneratedcl">{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850516.2.67&srpos=6&e=01-05-1885-31-05-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=NEWMARKET FIRST SPRING |publisher=Otago Witness |date=16 May 1885 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> Porter trained the colt at his stable at [[Kingsclere]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.horseracinghistory.co.uk/hrho/action/viewDocument?id=976 |title=John Porter |publisher=Horseracing History Online |access-date=2012-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320090109/http://www.horseracinghistory.co.uk/hrho/action/viewDocument?id=976 |archive-date=2016-03-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Racing career==
==Racing career==

===1884: two-year-old season===
===1884: two-year-old season===
Until 1946 there was no requirement for British racehorses to be named<ref name="Guinness">{{cite book | last1 = Morris | first1 = Tony |last2=Randall|first2=John| title = Horse Racing: Records, Facts, Champions(Third Edition)| publisher=Guinness Publishing | date = 1990| isbn = 0-85112-902-1}}</ref> and, in 1884, the horse who would become known as Paradox raced as "bay colt by Sterling- Casuistry" or, simply, "the Casuistry colt". He was slow to mature but, by late 1884, he had begun to show signs of promise. After watching him run in a trial gallop, the [[Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster|Duke of Westminster]] paid £6,000 (equivalent to £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|6000|1884|r=0}}}} today) for the colt.<ref name="autogeneratedcl"/> By way of comparison, the 1884 Epsom Derby carried prize money of £4,600.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=AS18840719.2.33.3&srpos=2&e=11-07-1884-20-07-1884--10--1----0Harvester-- |title=THE RACE FOR THE EPSOM DERBY |publisher=Auckland Star |date=19 July 1884 |accessdate=2012-06-27}}</ref> By the time he appeared on a racecourse his performances in training and purchase price meant that he had acquired a considerable reputation<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=AS18841213.2.37&srpos=3&e=01-12-1884-31-12-1884--10--1----0Casuistry-- |title=SEEING THE CESAREWITCH |publisher=Auckland Star |date=13 December 1884 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> and, despite making his debut in the [[Middle Park Stakes|Middle Park Plate]], the season's most important races for two-year-olds,<ref name="google1">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?ei=nanuTv_XFYmo8AP6qty9CQ&id=IYoMAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Middle+Park+Plate%22+most+important&q=%22Dewhurst%22#search_anchor |title=The Encyclopaedia of Sport |author=Henry Charles Howard |publisher=Lawrence and Bullen |date=1900 |accessdate=2012-06-26}}</ref> he was made joint-favourite at odds of [[Fractional odds|9/4]]. The inexperienced Casuistry colt showed "a little temper"<ref name="Witness 1884">{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18841122.2.42.5&srpos=2&e=01-11-1884-31-11-1884--10--1----0Casuistry-- |title=RACING IN ENGLAND |publisher=Otago Witness |date=22 November 1884 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> at the start and, after running prominently, he became unbalanced and lost his position on the downhill section of the course. He finished strongly to [[Tie (draw)|dead-heat]] for third place behind [[Melton (horse)|Melton]] and the French colt Xaintrailes,<ref name="Witness 1884"/> but the Duke was highly displeased by the performance<ref name="autogeneratedcl"/> and offered the colt for sale. He was bought by William Brodrick Cloete, a South African-born<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/229821.html |title=Wisden - Obituaries in 1915 |publisher=Espncricinfo.com |date= |accessdate=2012-06-26}}</ref> businessman who had made his fortune in Mexican coal-mining.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=C5hlrBmjcvQC&pg=PA182&lpg=PA182&dq=Brodrick+Cloete+mexico&source=bl&ots=h7fb7qGCOv&sig=l7kdVPeVi4AiqdPlh98MOJpc6Jg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NxbqT_a0D4fR8gOL7rCNAQ&sqi=2&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Brodrick%20Cloete%20mexico&f=false |title=Empire And Revolution: The Americans in Mexico Since the Civil War |author=John Mason Hart |publisher=University of California Press |date=2002 |accessdate=2012-06-26}}</ref> At the next Newmarket meeting, on his first start for his new owner, the Casuistry colt ran in the [[Dewhurst Stakes|Dewhurst Plate]] and started the 2/1 second favourite behind Xaintrailles. He took an early lead and pulled away in "grand style"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18841213.2.43.5&srpos=2&e=01-12-1884-31-12-1884--10--1----0Casuistry-- |title=RACING IN ENGLAND |publisher=Otago Witness |date=13 December 1884 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> to record a three [[Horse length|length]] win from the [[filly]] Cora. The Dewhurst was regarded as the year's most important two-year-old race after the Middle Park Plate,<ref name="google1"/> and the colt's win established him as one of the best horses of his generation, with [[bookmakers]] making him one of the favourites for the following year's Derby.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{cite news|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/3437990?searchTerm=casuistry&searchLimits=exactPhrase |anyWords |notWords |l-textSearchScope=*ignore*%7C*ignore* |fromdd=01 |frommm=10 |fromyyyy=1884 |todd=31 |tomm=03 |toyyyy=1885 |l-word=*ignore*%7C*ignore* |sortby |title=SPORTING NOTES AND COMMENTS |publisher=Brisbane Courier |date=9 January 1885 |accessdate=2012-07-01}}</ref> Shortly afterwards it was reported that an offer of £10,000 for the colt had been turned down.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=AS18841220.2.34.4&srpos=4&e=01-12-1884-31-12-1884--10--1----0Casuistry-- |title=NOTES BY HIPPONA |publisher=Auckland Star |date=20 December 1884 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref>
Until 1946 there was no requirement for British racehorses to be named<ref name="Guinness">{{cite book | last1 = Morris | first1 = Tony |last2=Randall|first2=John| title = Horse Racing: Records, Facts, Champions| publisher=Guinness Publishing | year = 1990| isbn = 0-85112-902-1| edition = Third }}</ref> and, in 1884, the horse who would become known as Paradox raced as "bay colt by Sterling- Casuistry" or, simply, "the Casuistry colt". He was slow to mature but, by late 1884, he had begun to show signs of promise. After watching him run in a trial gallop, the [[Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster|Duke of Westminster]] paid £6,000 (equivalent to £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|6000|1884|r=0}}}} today) for the colt.<ref name="autogeneratedcl"/> By way of comparison, the 1884 Epsom Derby carried prize money of £4,600.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=AS18840719.2.33.3&srpos=2&e=11-07-1884-20-07-1884--10--1----0Harvester-- |title=THE RACE FOR THE EPSOM DERBY |publisher=Auckland Star |date=19 July 1884 |access-date=2012-06-27}}</ref> By the time he appeared on a racecourse his performances in training and purchase price meant that he had acquired a considerable reputation<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=AS18841213.2.37&srpos=3&e=01-12-1884-31-12-1884--10--1----0Casuistry-- |title=SEEING THE CESAREWITCH |publisher=Auckland Star |date=13 December 1884 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> and, despite making his debut in the [[Middle Park Stakes|Middle Park Plate]], the season's most important races for two-year-olds,<ref name="google1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IYoMAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Dewhurst%22 |title=The Encyclopaedia of Sport |author=Henry Charles Howard |publisher=Lawrence and Bullen |year=1900 |access-date=2012-06-26}}</ref> he was made joint-favourite at odds of [[Fractional odds|9/4]]. The inexperienced Casuistry colt showed "a little temper"<ref name="Witness 1884">{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18841122.2.42.5&srpos=2&e=01-11-1884-31-11-1884--10--1----0Casuistry-- |title=RACING IN ENGLAND |publisher=Otago Witness |date=22 November 1884 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> at the start and, after racing with the leaders in the early stages, he became unbalanced and lost his position on the downhill section of the course. He finished strongly to [[Tie (draw)|dead-heat]] for third place behind [[Melton (horse)|Melton]] and the French colt Xaintrailes,<ref name="Witness 1884"/> but the Duke was highly displeased by the performance<ref name="autogeneratedcl"/> and offered the colt for sale. He was bought by [[William Broderick Cloete]], a South African-born<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/229821.html |title=Wisden - Obituaries in 1915 |publisher=Espncricinfo.com |access-date=2012-06-26}}</ref> businessman who had made his fortune in Mexican coal-mining.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C5hlrBmjcvQC&q=Brodrick+Cloete+mexico&pg=PA182 |title=Empire And Revolution: The Americans in Mexico Since the Civil War |author=John Mason Hart |publisher=University of California Press |year=2002 |isbn=9780520939295 |access-date=2012-06-26}}</ref> At the next Newmarket meeting, on his first start for his new owner, the Casuistry colt ran in the [[Dewhurst Stakes|Dewhurst Plate]] and started the 2/1 second favourite behind Xaintrailles. He took an early lead and pulled away in "grand style"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18841213.2.43.5&srpos=2&e=01-12-1884-31-12-1884--10--1----0Casuistry-- |title=RACING IN ENGLAND |publisher=Otago Witness |date=13 December 1884 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> to record a three [[Horse length|length]] win from the [[filly]] Cora. The Dewhurst was regarded as the year's most important two-year-old race after the Middle Park Plate,<ref name="google1"/> and the colt's win established him as one of the best horses of his generation, with [[bookmakers]] making him one of the favourites for the following year's Derby.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3437990|title=SPORTING NOTES AND COMMENTS |publisher=Brisbane Courier |date=9 January 1885 |access-date=2012-07-01}}</ref> Shortly afterwards it was reported that an offer of £10,000 for the colt had been turned down.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=AS18841220.2.34.4&srpos=4&e=01-12-1884-31-12-1884--10--1----0Casuistry-- |title=NOTES BY HIPPONA |publisher=Auckland Star |date=20 December 1884 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref>


===1885: three-year-old season===
===1885: three-year-old season===

====Spring====
====Spring====
Over the winter the Casuistry colt was given the name "Paradox"<ref name="autogenerated4"/> (misreported as "Paragon" in some sources)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850110.2.47.6&srpos=3&e=01-01-1885-31-03-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=ENGLISH |publisher=Otago Witness |date=10 January 1885 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> and, by early 1885, was clear favourite for both the 2,000 Guineas and the [[Epsom Derby]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850404.2.44.6&srpos=1&e=01-04-1885-31-04-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=ENGLISH AND FOREIGN |publisher=Otago Witness |date=4 April 1885 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> When he reappeared in the 2,000 Guineas over one mile at Newmarket on 6 May he was considered virtually unbeatable and, with only six other colts turning out to oppose him, he started at odds of [[Fractional odds|1/3]].<ref name="Mortimer">{{cite book | last1 = Mortimer | first1 = Roger |last2=Onslow|first2=Richard|last3=Willett|first3=Peter| title = Biographical Encyclopedia of British Flat Racing| publisher=Macdonald and Jane’s | date = 1978| isbn = 0-354-08536-0}}</ref> Ridden by [[Fred Archer (jockey)|Fred Archer]], Paradox started well and moved into the lead with three furlongs to travel. Most of his opponents were soon struggling, but an unnamed "bay colt by [[Kisber]] out of Chopette" (later named Crafton) emerged as a serious challenger. Archer had to use his [[spur]]s on Paradox and the favourite drifted across the course under pressure before prevailing by a head after a "brilliant and exciting" race.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850627.2.42.6&srpos=1&e=01-06-1885-31-06-1885--10-OW-1----0Paradox-- |title=NEWMARKET FIRST SPRING |publisher=Otago Witness |date=27 June 1885 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> It was only after some animated discussion that Crafton's connections decided not to lodge an objection against the winner for causing interference in the closing stages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/Kisber.html |title=Kisber |publisher=Tbheritage.com |date= |accessdate=2012-07-04}}</ref>
Over the winter the Casuistry colt was given the name "Paradox"<ref name="autogenerated4"/> (misreported as "Paragon" in some sources)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850110.2.47.6&srpos=3&e=01-01-1885-31-03-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=ENGLISH |publisher=Otago Witness |date=10 January 1885 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> and, by early 1885, was clear favourite for both the 2,000 Guineas and [[Epsom Derby|The Derby]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850404.2.44.6&srpos=1&e=01-04-1885-31-04-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=ENGLISH AND FOREIGN |publisher=Otago Witness |date=4 April 1885 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> When he reappeared in the 2,000 Guineas over one mile at Newmarket on 6 May he was considered virtually unbeatable and, with only six other colts turning out to oppose him, he started at odds of [[Fractional odds|1/3]].<ref name="Mortimer">{{cite book | last1 = Mortimer | first1 = Roger |last2=Onslow|first2=Richard|last3=Willett|first3=Peter| title = Biographical Encyclopedia of British Flat Racing| publisher=Macdonald and Jane’s | year = 1978| isbn = 0-354-08536-0}}</ref> Ridden by [[Fred Archer (jockey)|Fred Archer]], Paradox started well and moved into the lead with three furlongs to travel. Most of his opponents were soon struggling, but an unnamed "bay colt by [[Kisber (horse)|Kisber]] out of Chopette" (later named Crafton) emerged as a serious challenger. Archer had to use his [[spur]]s on Paradox and the favourite drifted across the course under pressure before prevailing by a head after a "brilliant and exciting" race.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850627.2.42.6&srpos=1&e=01-06-1885-31-06-1885--10-OW-1----0Paradox-- |title=NEWMARKET FIRST SPRING |publisher=Otago Witness |date=27 June 1885 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> It was only after some animated discussion that Crafton's connections decided not to lodge an objection against the winner for causing interference in the closing stages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/Kisber.html |title=Kisber |publisher=Tbheritage.com |access-date=2012-07-04}}</ref>


====Summer====
====Summer====
[[File:Melton vs Paradox.jpg|thumb|right|300px| The 1885 Derby, Paradox is beaten by Melton]]
[[File:Melton vs Paradox.jpg|thumb|right|300px| The 1885 Derby, Paradox is beaten by Melton]]
Despite his win in the Guineas, Paradox was passed over by Archer, who chose to ride Melton in the Derby. At Epsom on 3 June Paradox, ridden by Fred Webb, was made the 4/1 second favourite in a field of twelve runners, with Melton starting the 15/8 favourite. Webb was given the ride despite "scurrilous"<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850808.2.67&srpos=3&e=01-08-1885-15-08-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=ENGLISH |publisher=Otago Witness |date=8 August 1885 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> rumours concerning his honesty. The race took place in brilliant weather before an enormous crowd that included the [[Edward VII|Prince]] and [[Queen Alexandra|Princess of Wales]]. Paradox took the lead two furlongs from the finish and was immediately challenged by Archer on Melton; from that point on the two had the race between them.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=THD18850629.2.18&srpos=1&e=21-06-1885-30-06-1885--10--1----0Melton-- |title=SPORTING |work=Timaru Herald |date=29 June 1885 |accessdate=2011-11-24}}</ref> Melton made gradual but relentless progress to catch Paradox "in the last stride" and win by a head in a "desperate finish",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850725.2.106&srpos=3&e=01-07-1885-31-07-1885--10--1----0Melton-- |title=EPSOM SUMMER |work=Otago Witness |date=25 July 1885 |accessdate=2011-11-24}}</ref> with Archer riding one of his strongest races.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=AS18850725.2.44&srpos=56&e=01-07-1885-31-07-1885--10--51----0Melton-- |title=NOTES BY HIPPONA |work=Auckland Star |date=25 July 1885 |accessdate=2011-11-24}}</ref> After the race Cloete expressed his satisfaction with Webb's performance and rewarded the jockey with a gift of £100.<ref name="autogenerated2"/> Irish writer [[Oscar Wilde]] was reported to have observed "I understand that Milton's Paradise Lost is being revived and will appear in Derby Week and will be published under the title Paradox Lost by Melton."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artfact.com/auction-lot/lowes-cato-dickinson-1819-1908-the-birdcage-at-1-c-obeceu3cra |title=Lot 263: Lowes Cato Dickinson (1819-1908) the birdcage at newmarket - Sotheby's |publisher=Artfact |date=2010-12-23 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref>
Despite his win in the Guineas, Paradox was passed over by Archer, who chose to ride Melton in the Derby. At Epsom on 3 June Paradox, ridden by Fred Webb, was made the 4/1 second favourite in a field of twelve runners, with Melton starting the 15/8 favourite. Webb was given the ride despite "scurrilous"<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850808.2.67&srpos=3&e=01-08-1885-15-08-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=ENGLISH |publisher=Otago Witness |date=8 August 1885 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> rumours concerning his honesty. The race took place in fine weather before a reportedly "enormous"<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=THD18850629.2.18&srpos=1&e=21-06-1885-30-06-1885--10--1----0Melton-- |title=SPORTING |work=Timaru Herald |date=29 June 1885 |access-date=2011-11-24}}</ref> crowd that included the [[Edward VII|Prince]] and [[Queen Alexandra|Princess of Wales]]. Paradox took the lead two furlongs from the finish and was immediately challenged by Archer on Melton; from that point on the two had the race between them.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> Melton made gradual but relentless progress to catch Paradox "in the last stride" and win by a head in a "desperate finish",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850725.2.106&srpos=3&e=01-07-1885-31-07-1885--10--1----0Melton-- |title=EPSOM SUMMER |work=Otago Witness |date=25 July 1885 |access-date=2011-11-24}}</ref> with Archer riding one of his strongest races.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=AS18850725.2.44&srpos=56&e=01-07-1885-31-07-1885--10--51----0Melton-- |title=NOTES BY HIPPONA |work=Auckland Star |date=25 July 1885 |access-date=2011-11-24}}</ref> After the race Cloete expressed his satisfaction with Webb's performance and rewarded the jockey with a gift of £100.<ref name="autogenerated2"/> Irish writer [[Oscar Wilde]] was reported to have observed "I understand that Milton's Paradise Lost is being revived and will appear in Derby Week and will be published under the title Paradox Lost by Melton."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artfact.com/auction-lot/lowes-cato-dickinson-1819-1908-the-birdcage-at-1-c-obeceu3cra |title=Lot 263: Lowes Cato Dickinson (1819-1908) the birdcage at newmarket - Sotheby's |publisher=Artfact |date=2010-12-23 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref>


Paradox was never beaten again. Eleven days after his defeat at Epsom he was sent to [[Longchamp Racecourse|Longchamp]] to contest the [[Grand Prix de Paris]], the most important and valuable<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850829.2.44.4&srpos=5&e=16-08-1885-31-08-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=AUSTRALIAN |publisher=Otago Witness |date=29 August 1885 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> race in France. The start of the race was delayed for half an hour as the authorities struggled to clear spectators from the course. Ridden once again by Archer, Paradox was restrained in the early stages before making steady progress and turning into the straight in second place. Paradox overtook the leader Reluisant half way down the straight and won "[w]ith the greatest ease" at odds of 1/3.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850801.2.105&srpos=1&e=01-08-1885-15-08-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=RACING IN FRANCE |publisher=Otago Witness |date=1 August 1885 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> His success was greeted enthusiastically by the travelling British supporters but there were hisses and hoots from the French contingent and the raising of the [[Union Jack]] after the race led to what was described as an "unfavourable demonstration".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/36311163?searchTerm=paradox%20paris&searchLimits=exactPhrase |anyWords |notWords |l-textSearchScope=*ignore*%7C*ignore* |fromdd=01 |frommm=08 |fromyyyy=1885 |todd=31 |tomm=08 |toyyyy=1885 |l-word=*ignore*%7C*ignore* |sortby |title=SPORTING |publisher=South Australian Advertiser |date=04 Aug 1885 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> Paradox returned to England and ran the one mile [[Sussex Stakes]] at [[Goodwood Racecourse|Goodwood]] on 29 July in which he carried twelve [[Pound (mass)|pounds]] extra weight for his win in France.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850829.2.44.5&srpos=2&e=16-08-1885-31-08-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=ENGLISH |publisher=Otago Witness |date=29 August 1885 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> Archer sent him to the front two furlongs from the finish and he won comfortably by three quarters of a length from Royal Hampton.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850919.2.56.7&srpos=1&e=11-09-1885-20-09-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=RACING IN ENGLAND |publisher=Otago Witness |date=19 September 1885 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref>
Paradox was never beaten again. Eleven days after his defeat at Epsom he was sent to [[Longchamp Racecourse|Longchamp]] to contest the [[Grand Prix de Paris]], the most important and valuable<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850829.2.44.4&srpos=5&e=16-08-1885-31-08-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=AUSTRALIAN |publisher=Otago Witness |date=29 August 1885 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> race in France. The start of the race was delayed for half an hour as the authorities struggled to clear spectators from the course. Ridden once again by Archer, Paradox was restrained in the early stages before making steady progress and turning into the straight in second place. Paradox overtook the leader Reluisant halfway down the straight and won "[w]ith the greatest ease" at odds of 1/3.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850801.2.105&srpos=1&e=01-08-1885-15-08-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=RACING IN FRANCE |publisher=Otago Witness |date=1 August 1885 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> His success was greeted enthusiastically by the travelling British supporters but there were hisses and hoots from the French contingent and the raising of the [[Union Jack]] after the race led to what was described as an "unfavourable demonstration".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36311163|title=SPORTING |publisher=South Australian Advertiser |date=4 Aug 1885 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> Paradox returned to England and ran the one mile [[Sussex Stakes]] at [[Goodwood Racecourse|Goodwood]] on 29 July. The winners of major races were assigned additional weight in the race and Paradox carried twelve [[Pound (mass)|pounds]] extra as a result of his success in France.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850829.2.44.5&srpos=2&e=16-08-1885-31-08-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=ENGLISH |publisher=Otago Witness |date=29 August 1885 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> Archer sent him to the front two furlongs from the finish and he won comfortably by three quarters of a length from Royal Hampton.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18850919.2.56.7&srpos=1&e=11-09-1885-20-09-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=RACING IN ENGLAND |publisher=Otago Witness |date=19 September 1885 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref>


====Autumn====
====Autumn====
[[File:CLOETE(2)1911.jpg|thumb|right|200px| William Broderick Cloete]]
Later in the year Paradox was campaigned at Newmarket and entered in three races; his main target was expected to be the [[Cambridgeshire Handicap]] at the end of October. He was assigned a weight of 124 [[Pound (mass)|pounds]] and was strongly supported in the betting. Some time before the race, however, Cloete arrived in England from Mexico and had a disagreement with Porter that resulted in the withdrawal of Paradox from the Cambridgeshire, causing a "terrible rumpus"<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=EP18851212.2.53&srpos=9&e=01-12-1885-30-12-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=SPORTING |publisher=Evening Post |date=12 December 1885 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> among the betting public. It was rumoured that Cloete was furious that he had not been kept informed of the trainer's plans and had missed the chance to bet on Paradox at long odds.<ref name="Mortimer"/> It was also suggested that he was upset by accusations that Paradox had never been an intended runner and had been left in the race in an attempt to manipulate the betting market.<ref name="autogenerated3"/> An exacerbating factor in the affair was that there had been a delay between Cloete privately announcing that the horse would not run and the official withdrawal, during which period heavy gambling continued, with some individuals apparently profiting from inside knowledge.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18860123.2.72.7&srpos=2&e=01-01-1886-31-01-1886--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=NOTES ON SPORTS AND SPORTING |publisher=Otago Witness |date=23 January 1886 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> Cloete removed Paradox, and all of his other horses, from Porter's stable and sent them to be trained by Richard Marsh at Lordship Farm.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.horseracinghistory.co.uk/hrho/action/viewDocument?id=883 |title=Richard Marsh |publisher=Horseracing History Online |date= |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref>
Later in the year Paradox was campaigned at Newmarket and entered in three races; his main target was expected to be the [[Cambridgeshire Handicap]] at the end of October. He was assigned a weight of 124 [[Pound (mass)|pounds]] and was strongly supported in the betting. Some time before the race, however, Cloete arrived in England from Mexico and had a disagreement with Porter that resulted in the withdrawal of Paradox from the Cambridgeshire, causing a "terrible rumpus"<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=EP18851212.2.53&srpos=9&e=01-12-1885-30-12-1885--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=SPORTING |publisher=Evening Post |date=12 December 1885 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> among the betting public. It was rumoured that Cloete was furious that he had not been kept informed of the trainer's plans and had missed the chance to bet on Paradox at long odds.<ref name="Mortimer"/> It was also suggested that he was upset by accusations that Paradox had never been an intended runner and had been left in the race in an attempt to manipulate the betting market.<ref name="autogenerated3"/> An exacerbating factor in the affair was that there had been a delay between Cloete privately announcing that the horse would not run and the official withdrawal, during which period heavy gambling continued, with some individuals apparently profiting from inside knowledge.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18860123.2.72.7&srpos=2&e=01-01-1886-31-01-1886--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=NOTES ON SPORTS AND SPORTING |publisher=Otago Witness |date=23 January 1886 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> Cloete removed Paradox, and all of his other horses, from Porter's stable and sent them to be trained by Richard Marsh at Lordship Farm.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.horseracinghistory.co.uk/hrho/action/viewDocument?id=883 |title=Richard Marsh |publisher=Horseracing History Online |access-date=2012-03-15 |archive-date=2012-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527233105/http://www.horseracinghistory.co.uk/hrho/action/viewDocument?id=883 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


At the first October meeting Paradox ran the [[Champion Stakes]] over ten furlongs, with Archer riding at his lowest weight of 120 pounds.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/77064622?searchTerm=paradox%20newmarket&searchLimits=exactPhrase |anyWords |notWords |l-textSearchScope=*ignore*%7C*ignore* |fromdd=01 |frommm=10 |fromyyyy=1885 |todd=31 |tomm=12 |toyyyy=1885 |l-word=*ignore*%7C*ignore* |sortby |title=SPORTING NOTES |publisher=Border Watch |date=02 Dec 1885 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> Running in wet, difficult conditions, Paradox took the lead in the closing stages and won from Duke of Richmond and the [[filly]] Aveline. His victory was received in silence by the spectators, although there were none of the open displays of hostility towards Cloete that been feared following the controversy following the colt's withdrawal from the Cambridgeshire.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/44541767?searchTerm=paradox%20newmarket&searchLimits=exactPhrase |anyWords |notWords |l-textSearchScope=*ignore*%7C*ignore* |fromdd=01 |frommm=10 |fromyyyy=1885 |todd=31 |tomm=12 |toyyyy=1885 |l-word=*ignore*%7C*ignore* |sortby |title=ENGLISH SPORTING NEWS |publisher=South Australian Register |date=01 Dec 1885 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> At the next Newmarket meeting, when the Cambridgeshire was run, Cloete rerouted his colt to the Free Handicap. Paradox won, despite conceding thirty-four pounds to Aveline, but his "brilliant" success was again met with silence from the crowd and Cloete was greeted "without a word of congratulation or the semblance of a note of enthusiasm".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/3454689?searchTerm=paradox%20newmarket&searchLimits=exactPhrase |anyWords |notWords |l-textSearchScope=*ignore*%7C*ignore* |fromdd=01 |frommm=10 |fromyyyy=1885 |todd=31 |tomm=12 |toyyyy=1885 |l-word=*ignore*%7C*ignore* |sortby |title=RACING NOTES |publisher=Brisbane Courier |date=17 December 1885 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> Paradox remained in training as a four-year-old with his entries including the [[Ascot Gold Cup]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18860306.2.88&srpos=4&e=01-03-1886-31-03-1886--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=ENGLISH |publisher=Otago Witness |date=6 March 1886 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> but he did not run again and was retired to stud.
At the first October meeting Paradox ran the [[Champion Stakes]] over ten furlongs, with Archer riding at his lowest weight of 120 pounds.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article77064622|title=SPORTING NOTES |publisher=Border Watch |date=2 Dec 1885 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> Running in wet, difficult conditions, Paradox took the lead in the closing stages and won from Duke of Richmond and the [[filly]] Aveline. His victory was received in silence by the spectators, although there were none of the open displays of hostility towards Cloete that been feared following the controversy arising from the colt's withdrawal from the Cambridgeshire.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article44541767|title=ENGLISH SPORTING NEWS |publisher=South Australian Register |date=1 Dec 1885 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> At the next Newmarket meeting, when the Cambridgeshire was run, Cloete rerouted his colt to the Free Handicap. Paradox won, despite conceding thirty-four pounds to Aveline, but his "brilliant" success was again met with silence from the crowd and Cloete was greeted "without a word of congratulation or the semblance of a note of enthusiasm".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3454689|title=RACING NOTES |publisher=Brisbane Courier |date=17 December 1885 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> Paradox remained in training as a four-year-old with his entries including the [[Ascot Gold Cup]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18860306.2.88&srpos=4&e=01-03-1886-31-03-1886--10--1----0Paradox-- |title=ENGLISH |publisher=Otago Witness |date=6 March 1886 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> but he did not run again and was retired to stud.


==Stud career==
==Stud career==
Paradox began his stud career, during which he became increasingly bad-tempered and difficult to manage,<ref name="Mortimer"/> at a fee of 30 guineas. He showed some promise as a stallion, siring some good winners including Red Ensign ([[Prince of Wales's Stakes]]), Unicorne ([[Stewards' Cup (Great Britain)|Stewards' Cup]]) and Alconbury ([[Hansa Preis]]), and his stud fee had risen to 100 guineas by 1890 when he died of a twisted intestine at the age of eight.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18900925.2.81&srpos=4&e=01-01-1890-31-12-1890--10--1----0Paradox+derby-- |title=TALK OF THE DAY |publisher=Otago Witness |date=25 September 1890 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref> His daughter Thankful Blossom was the ancestor of the important<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rOwrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cmcFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5821,6715954&dq=bull-lea+influential&hl=en |title=Famous sire Bull Lea dies |publisher=Kentucky New Era |date=16 June 1964 |accessdate=2012-07-01}}</ref> American stallion [[Bull Lea]].<ref name="Erigero"/>
Paradox began his stud career, during which he became increasingly bad-tempered and difficult to manage,<ref name="Mortimer"/> at a fee of 30 guineas. He showed some promise as a stallion, siring several winners including Red Ensign ([[Prince of Wales's Stakes]]), Unicorne ([[Stewards' Cup (Great Britain)|Stewards' Cup]]) and Alconbury ([[Hansa Preis]]), and his stud fee had risen to 100 guineas by 1890 when he died of a twisted intestine at the age of eight.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=OW18900925.2.81&srpos=4&e=01-01-1890-31-12-1890--10--1----0Paradox+derby-- |title=TALK OF THE DAY |publisher=Otago Witness |date=25 September 1890 |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref> His daughter Thankful Blossom was the ancestor of [[Bull Lea]], an American stallion referred to as "one of the great sires in American Thoroughbred history",.<ref name="Erigero"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rOwrAAAAIBAJ&pg=5821,6715954&dq=bull-lea+influential&hl=en |title=Famous sire Bull Lea dies |publisher=Kentucky New Era |date=16 June 1964 |access-date=2012-07-01}}</ref>


==Pedigree==
==Pedigree==
{{Pedigree
{{Pedigree
|name = Paradox (GB), bay stallion, 1882<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.equineline.com/Free-5X-Pedigree.cfm?page_state=ORDER_AND_CONFIRM&reference_number=2057444&registry=T&horse_name==Paradox%20(GB)&dam_name==Casuistry%20(GB)&foaling_year=1882&nicking_stats_indicator=Y |title=Paradox pedigree |publisher=equineline.com |date=2012-05-08 |accessdate=2012-07-01}}</ref>
|name = Paradox (GB), bay stallion, 1882<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.equineline.com/Free-5X-Pedigree.cfm?page_state=ORDER_AND_CONFIRM&reference_number=2057444&registry=T&horse_name==Paradox%20(GB)&dam_name==Casuistry%20(GB)&foaling_year=1882&nicking_stats_indicator=Y |title=Paradox pedigree |publisher=equineline.com |date=2012-05-08 |access-date=2012-07-01}}</ref>
|inf =
|inf =
|f = [[Sterling (horse)|Sterling]] (GB)<br />1868
|f = [[Sterling (horse)|Sterling]] (GB)<br />1868
Line 64: Line 70:
|ffm = Honey Dear
|ffm = Honey Dear
|fmf = Flatcatcher
|fmf = Flatcatcher
|fmm = Sience
|fmm = Silence
|mff = Rataplan
|mff = Rataplan
|mfm = Manganese
|mfm = Manganese
Line 77: Line 83:
|fmmf = Melbourne
|fmmf = Melbourne
|fmmm = Secret
|fmmm = Secret
|mfff = [[The Baron]]
|mfff = [[The Baron (horse)|The Baron]]
|mffm = [[Pocahontas (horse)|Pocahontas]]
|mffm = [[Pocahontas (horse)|Pocahontas]]
|mfmf = '''Birdcatcher*'''
|mfmf = '''Birdcatcher*'''
Line 85: Line 91:
|mmmf = [[Stockwell]]
|mmmf = [[Stockwell]]
|mmmm = Clementina (Family:1-s)<ref name="bloodlines1"/>}}
|mmmm = Clementina (Family:1-s)<ref name="bloodlines1"/>}}
*Paradox was [[inbreeding|inbred]] 3x4 to Birdcatcher, meaning that this stallion appears in both the third and the fourth generations of his pedigree. He was also inbred 4x4 to Touchstone.
*Paradox was [[inbreeding|inbred]] 3 × 4 to Birdcatcher, meaning that this stallion appears in both the third and the fourth generations of his pedigree. He was also inbred 4 × 4 to Touchstone.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{2000 Guineas Winners}}
{{2000 Guineas Winners}}

[[Category:1882 racehorse births]]
[[Category:1882 racehorse births]]
[[Category:1890 racehorse deaths]]
[[Category:1890 racehorse deaths]]
[[Category:Racehorses bred in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Racehorses bred in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Racehorses trained in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Racehorses trained in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:British Classic Race winners]]
[[Category:Thoroughbred family 1-s]]
[[Category:2000 Guineas winners]]

Latest revision as of 03:15, 30 August 2024

Paradox
Paradox in the centre of The Birdcage at Newmarket on 2000 Guineas Day by Lowes Cato Dickinson.
SireSterling
GrandsireOxford
DamCasuistry
DamsireThe Miner
SexStallion
Foaled1882
CountryUnited Kingdom
ColourBay
BreederGraham brothers
OwnerHugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster
William Broderick Cloete
TrainerJohn Porter
Richard Marsh
Record8:6-1-1
Major wins
Dewhurst Plate (1884)
2,000 Guineas (1885)
Grand Prix de Paris (1885)
Sussex Stakes (1885)
Champion Stakes (1885)

Paradox (1882–1890) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from October 1884 until October 1885 he ran eight times and won six races. Despite running only twice in 1884, he proved himself to be one of the best two-year-olds of his generation by winning the Dewhurst Plate. In the following year he won five of his six races including the 2,000 Guineas, the Grand Prix de Paris, the Sussex Stakes and the Champion Stakes. His only defeat came when he was narrowly beaten by Melton in The Derby.

The final phase of the colt's racing career was marked by controversy and recrimination following his withdrawal from the Cambridgeshire Handicap in the autumn of 1885 and he was retired from racing in 1886. Paradox had little opportunity to establish himself at stud, dying in 1890 at the age of eight.

Background

[edit]

Paradox was a strongly-built bay horse bred by the Graham brothers at the Yardley Stud near Birmingham.[1] He was sired by the 2,000 Guineas runner-up Sterling out of Casuistry, an undistinguished racehorse[2] who had been sold cheaply at the end of her racing career by Lord Rosebery. Casuistry became an important broodmare, being the direct female ancestor of notable thoroughbreds such as Humorist, Royal Palace and Spend a Buck.[3] As a yearling Paradox was bought for 700 guineas by the trainer John Porter on behalf of his associate, Captain Bowling.[4] Porter trained the colt at his stable at Kingsclere.[5]

Racing career

[edit]

1884: two-year-old season

[edit]

Until 1946 there was no requirement for British racehorses to be named[6] and, in 1884, the horse who would become known as Paradox raced as "bay colt by Sterling- Casuistry" or, simply, "the Casuistry colt". He was slow to mature but, by late 1884, he had begun to show signs of promise. After watching him run in a trial gallop, the Duke of Westminster paid £6,000 (equivalent to £790,000 today) for the colt.[4] By way of comparison, the 1884 Epsom Derby carried prize money of £4,600.[7] By the time he appeared on a racecourse his performances in training and purchase price meant that he had acquired a considerable reputation[8] and, despite making his debut in the Middle Park Plate, the season's most important races for two-year-olds,[9] he was made joint-favourite at odds of 9/4. The inexperienced Casuistry colt showed "a little temper"[10] at the start and, after racing with the leaders in the early stages, he became unbalanced and lost his position on the downhill section of the course. He finished strongly to dead-heat for third place behind Melton and the French colt Xaintrailes,[10] but the Duke was highly displeased by the performance[4] and offered the colt for sale. He was bought by William Broderick Cloete, a South African-born[11] businessman who had made his fortune in Mexican coal-mining.[12] At the next Newmarket meeting, on his first start for his new owner, the Casuistry colt ran in the Dewhurst Plate and started the 2/1 second favourite behind Xaintrailles. He took an early lead and pulled away in "grand style"[13] to record a three length win from the filly Cora. The Dewhurst was regarded as the year's most important two-year-old race after the Middle Park Plate,[9] and the colt's win established him as one of the best horses of his generation, with bookmakers making him one of the favourites for the following year's Derby.[14] Shortly afterwards it was reported that an offer of £10,000 for the colt had been turned down.[15]

1885: three-year-old season

[edit]

Spring

[edit]

Over the winter the Casuistry colt was given the name "Paradox"[14] (misreported as "Paragon" in some sources)[16] and, by early 1885, was clear favourite for both the 2,000 Guineas and The Derby.[17] When he reappeared in the 2,000 Guineas over one mile at Newmarket on 6 May he was considered virtually unbeatable and, with only six other colts turning out to oppose him, he started at odds of 1/3.[1] Ridden by Fred Archer, Paradox started well and moved into the lead with three furlongs to travel. Most of his opponents were soon struggling, but an unnamed "bay colt by Kisber out of Chopette" (later named Crafton) emerged as a serious challenger. Archer had to use his spurs on Paradox and the favourite drifted across the course under pressure before prevailing by a head after a "brilliant and exciting" race.[18] It was only after some animated discussion that Crafton's connections decided not to lodge an objection against the winner for causing interference in the closing stages.[19]

Summer

[edit]
The 1885 Derby, Paradox is beaten by Melton

Despite his win in the Guineas, Paradox was passed over by Archer, who chose to ride Melton in the Derby. At Epsom on 3 June Paradox, ridden by Fred Webb, was made the 4/1 second favourite in a field of twelve runners, with Melton starting the 15/8 favourite. Webb was given the ride despite "scurrilous"[20] rumours concerning his honesty. The race took place in fine weather before a reportedly "enormous"[21] crowd that included the Prince and Princess of Wales. Paradox took the lead two furlongs from the finish and was immediately challenged by Archer on Melton; from that point on the two had the race between them.[21] Melton made gradual but relentless progress to catch Paradox "in the last stride" and win by a head in a "desperate finish",[22] with Archer riding one of his strongest races.[23] After the race Cloete expressed his satisfaction with Webb's performance and rewarded the jockey with a gift of £100.[20] Irish writer Oscar Wilde was reported to have observed "I understand that Milton's Paradise Lost is being revived and will appear in Derby Week and will be published under the title Paradox Lost by Melton."[24]

Paradox was never beaten again. Eleven days after his defeat at Epsom he was sent to Longchamp to contest the Grand Prix de Paris, the most important and valuable[25] race in France. The start of the race was delayed for half an hour as the authorities struggled to clear spectators from the course. Ridden once again by Archer, Paradox was restrained in the early stages before making steady progress and turning into the straight in second place. Paradox overtook the leader Reluisant halfway down the straight and won "[w]ith the greatest ease" at odds of 1/3.[26] His success was greeted enthusiastically by the travelling British supporters but there were hisses and hoots from the French contingent and the raising of the Union Jack after the race led to what was described as an "unfavourable demonstration".[27] Paradox returned to England and ran the one mile Sussex Stakes at Goodwood on 29 July. The winners of major races were assigned additional weight in the race and Paradox carried twelve pounds extra as a result of his success in France.[28] Archer sent him to the front two furlongs from the finish and he won comfortably by three quarters of a length from Royal Hampton.[29]

Autumn

[edit]
William Broderick Cloete

Later in the year Paradox was campaigned at Newmarket and entered in three races; his main target was expected to be the Cambridgeshire Handicap at the end of October. He was assigned a weight of 124 pounds and was strongly supported in the betting. Some time before the race, however, Cloete arrived in England from Mexico and had a disagreement with Porter that resulted in the withdrawal of Paradox from the Cambridgeshire, causing a "terrible rumpus"[30] among the betting public. It was rumoured that Cloete was furious that he had not been kept informed of the trainer's plans and had missed the chance to bet on Paradox at long odds.[1] It was also suggested that he was upset by accusations that Paradox had never been an intended runner and had been left in the race in an attempt to manipulate the betting market.[30] An exacerbating factor in the affair was that there had been a delay between Cloete privately announcing that the horse would not run and the official withdrawal, during which period heavy gambling continued, with some individuals apparently profiting from inside knowledge.[31] Cloete removed Paradox, and all of his other horses, from Porter's stable and sent them to be trained by Richard Marsh at Lordship Farm.[32]

At the first October meeting Paradox ran the Champion Stakes over ten furlongs, with Archer riding at his lowest weight of 120 pounds.[33] Running in wet, difficult conditions, Paradox took the lead in the closing stages and won from Duke of Richmond and the filly Aveline. His victory was received in silence by the spectators, although there were none of the open displays of hostility towards Cloete that been feared following the controversy arising from the colt's withdrawal from the Cambridgeshire.[34] At the next Newmarket meeting, when the Cambridgeshire was run, Cloete rerouted his colt to the Free Handicap. Paradox won, despite conceding thirty-four pounds to Aveline, but his "brilliant" success was again met with silence from the crowd and Cloete was greeted "without a word of congratulation or the semblance of a note of enthusiasm".[35] Paradox remained in training as a four-year-old with his entries including the Ascot Gold Cup,[36] but he did not run again and was retired to stud.

Stud career

[edit]

Paradox began his stud career, during which he became increasingly bad-tempered and difficult to manage,[1] at a fee of 30 guineas. He showed some promise as a stallion, siring several winners including Red Ensign (Prince of Wales's Stakes), Unicorne (Stewards' Cup) and Alconbury (Hansa Preis), and his stud fee had risen to 100 guineas by 1890 when he died of a twisted intestine at the age of eight.[37] His daughter Thankful Blossom was the ancestor of Bull Lea, an American stallion referred to as "one of the great sires in American Thoroughbred history",.[2][38]

Pedigree

[edit]
Pedigree of Paradox (GB), bay stallion, 1882[39]
Sire
Sterling (GB)
1868 		Oxford
1857 		Birdcatcher* Sir Hercules
Guiccioli
Honey Dear Plenipotentiary
My Dear
Whisper
1857 		Flatcatcher Touchstone*
Decoy
Silence Melbourne
Secret
Dam
Casuistry (GB)
1875 		The Miner
1861 		Rataplan The Baron
Pocahontas
Manganese Birdcatcher*
Moonbeam
Lady Caroline
1861 		Orlando Touchstone*
Vulture
Lady Blanche Stockwell
Clementina (Family:1-s)[3]
  • Paradox was inbred 3 × 4 to Birdcatcher, meaning that this stallion appears in both the third and the fourth generations of his pedigree. He was also inbred 4 × 4 to Touchstone.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Mortimer, Roger; Onslow, Richard; Willett, Peter (1978). Biographical Encyclopedia of British Flat Racing. Macdonald and Jane’s. ISBN 0-354-08536-0.
  2. ^ a b Patricia Erigero Thoroughbred Heritage. "Sterling". Tbheritage.com. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  3. ^ a b "Web - Family 1-s". Bloodlines.net. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  4. ^ a b c "NEWMARKET FIRST SPRING". Otago Witness. 16 May 1885. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  5. ^ "John Porter". Horseracing History Online. Archived from the original on 2016-03-20. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  6. ^ Morris, Tony; Randall, John (1990). Horse Racing: Records, Facts, Champions (Third ed.). Guinness Publishing. ISBN 0-85112-902-1.
  7. ^ "THE RACE FOR THE EPSOM DERBY". Auckland Star. 19 July 1884. Retrieved 2012-06-27.
  8. ^ "SEEING THE CESAREWITCH". Auckland Star. 13 December 1884. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  9. ^ a b Henry Charles Howard (1900). The Encyclopaedia of Sport. Lawrence and Bullen. Retrieved 2012-06-26.
  10. ^ a b "RACING IN ENGLAND". Otago Witness. 22 November 1884. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  11. ^ "Wisden - Obituaries in 1915". Espncricinfo.com. Retrieved 2012-06-26.
  12. ^ John Mason Hart (2002). Empire And Revolution: The Americans in Mexico Since the Civil War. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520939295. Retrieved 2012-06-26.
  13. ^ "RACING IN ENGLAND". Otago Witness. 13 December 1884. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  14. ^ a b "SPORTING NOTES AND COMMENTS". Brisbane Courier. 9 January 1885. Retrieved 2012-07-01.
  15. ^ "NOTES BY HIPPONA". Auckland Star. 20 December 1884. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  16. ^ "ENGLISH". Otago Witness. 10 January 1885. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  17. ^ "ENGLISH AND FOREIGN". Otago Witness. 4 April 1885. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  18. ^ "NEWMARKET FIRST SPRING". Otago Witness. 27 June 1885. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  19. ^ "Kisber". Tbheritage.com. Retrieved 2012-07-04.
  20. ^ a b "ENGLISH". Otago Witness. 8 August 1885. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  21. ^ a b "SPORTING". Timaru Herald. 29 June 1885. Retrieved 2011-11-24.
  22. ^ "EPSOM SUMMER". Otago Witness. 25 July 1885. Retrieved 2011-11-24.
  23. ^ "NOTES BY HIPPONA". Auckland Star. 25 July 1885. Retrieved 2011-11-24.
  24. ^ "Lot 263: Lowes Cato Dickinson (1819-1908) the birdcage at newmarket - Sotheby's". Artfact. 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  25. ^ "AUSTRALIAN". Otago Witness. 29 August 1885. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  26. ^ "RACING IN FRANCE". Otago Witness. 1 August 1885. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  27. ^ "SPORTING". South Australian Advertiser. 4 Aug 1885. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  28. ^ "ENGLISH". Otago Witness. 29 August 1885. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  29. ^ "RACING IN ENGLAND". Otago Witness. 19 September 1885. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  30. ^ a b "SPORTING". Evening Post. 12 December 1885. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  31. ^ "NOTES ON SPORTS AND SPORTING". Otago Witness. 23 January 1886. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  32. ^ "Richard Marsh". Horseracing History Online. Archived from the original on 2012-05-27. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  33. ^ "SPORTING NOTES". Border Watch. 2 Dec 1885. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  34. ^ "ENGLISH SPORTING NEWS". South Australian Register. 1 Dec 1885. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  35. ^ "RACING NOTES". Brisbane Courier. 17 December 1885. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  36. ^ "ENGLISH". Otago Witness. 6 March 1886. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  37. ^ "TALK OF THE DAY". Otago Witness. 25 September 1890. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  38. ^ "Famous sire Bull Lea dies". Kentucky New Era. 16 June 1964. Retrieved 2012-07-01.
  39. ^ "Paradox pedigree". equineline.com. 2012-05-08. Retrieved 2012-07-01.
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