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{{Short description|Variety of legume}}
{{Taxobox
{{infraspeciesbox
⚫
| name = ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''cebil''
⚫
|genus = Anadenanthera
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
|species = colubrina
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
|varietas = cebil
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
|authority = ([[August Grisebach|Griseb.]]) [[Siri von Reis|Altschul]]
| ordo = [[Fabales]]
⚫
|range_map_caption = Range of ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''cebil''
| familia = [[Fabaceae]]
⚫
|synonyms = *''Acacia cebil'' [[August Grisebach|Griseb.]]
| subfamilia = [[Mimosoideae]]
⚫
*''Anadenanthera macrocarpa'' ([[George Bentham|Benth.]]) [[John Patrick Micklethwait Brenan|Brenan]]
⚫
| genus = [[Anadenanthera]]
| species = ''[[Anadenanthera colubrina|A. colubrina]]''
⚫
| trinomial = ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' ([[Vell.]]) [[John Patrick Micklethwait Brenan|Brenan]] var. ''cebil''
| trinomial_authority = ([[Griseb.]]) [[Altschul]]
| range_map =
| range_map_width = 240px
⚫
| range_map_caption = Range of ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''cebil''
| synonyms =
⚫
*''Acacia cebil'' [[Griseb.]]
*''Anadenanthera macrocarpa'' ([[Benth.]]) [[Brenan]]
*''Piptadenia cebil'' (Griseb.) Griseb.
*''Piptadenia cebil'' (Griseb.) Griseb.
*''Piptadenia hassleriana'' [[Chodat]]
*''Piptadenia hassleriana'' [[Robert Hippolyte Chodat|Chodat]]
*''Piptadenia hassleriana'' Chodat [[var.]] ''fruticosa'' Chodat & [[Hass]]
*''Piptadenia hassleriana'' Chodat [[var.]] ''fruticosa'' Chodat & Hass
*''Piptadenia macrocarpa'' Benth.
*''Piptadenia macrocarpa'' Benth.
*''Piptadenia macrocarpa'' Benth. var. ''cebil'' (Griseb.) Chodat & Hass
*''Piptadenia macrocarpa'' Benth. var. ''cebil'' (Griseb.) Chodat & Hass
*''Piptadenia macrocarpa'' Benth. var. ''genuina'' Chodat & Hass
*''Piptadenia macrocarpa'' Benth. var. ''genuina'' Chodat & Hass
*''Piptadenia macrocarpa'' Benth. var. ''plurifoliata'' [[Hoehne]]
*''Piptadenia macrocarpa'' Benth. var. ''plurifoliata'' [[Frederico Carlos Hoehne|Hoehne]]
*''Piptadenia macrocarpa'' Benth. var. ''vestita'' Chodat & Hass
*''Piptadenia macrocarpa'' Benth. var. ''vestita'' Chodat & Hass
*''Piptadenia microphylla'' Benth.<ref name="ildis">{{cite web
*''Piptadenia microphylla'' Benth.<ref name="ildis">{{Cite web
|url=http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&LegumeWeb&tno~15575&genus~Acacia&species~cebil
|url=http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&LegumeWeb&tno~15575&genus~Acacia&species~cebil
|title=Acacia cebil - ILDIS LegumeWeb
|title=Acacia cebil - ILDIS LegumeWeb
Line 34: Line 25:
}}
}}
</ref>
</ref>
⚫
|}}

⚫
'''''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''cebil''''' is a [[mimosa]]-like timber tree native to [[Caatinga]] and [[Cerrado]] [[vegetation]] in [[Argentina]], [[Bolivia]], [[Brazil]], [[Paraguay]] and [[Peru]]. It has also been introduced to [[Mauritius]]. It grows up to {{convert|25|m|abbr=on}} tall, with a trunk diameter of {{convert|60–90|cm|abbr=on}}.<ref name="ildis"/><ref name="usda">{{Cite web
⚫
|url=http://www2.fpl.fs.fed.us/Techsheets/Chudnoff/TropAmerican/html_files/anaden2.html
⚫
|title=Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil
⚫
|publisher=www2.fpl.fs.fed.us
⚫
|accessdate=2008-05-17
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218082155/http://www2.fpl.fs.fed.us/TechSheets/Chudnoff/TropAmerican/html_files/anaden2.html
|archivedate=2008-12-18
}}
}}
⚫
</ref> The tree's mimosa-like leaves range in length from about {{convert|7–20|cm|abbr=on}}. The flowers are cream-colored and arrive in the spring. The seed pods are fairly straight and contain about 8 to 15 seeds each. The seeds are flat, [[average]] each about {{convert|1.5|cm|abbr=on}} in diameter and have an average [[mass]] of about {{convert|0.125|g|abbr=on}} each. The tree's wood has a density of about {{convert|840|kg/m3|abbr=on}}.<ref name="herbo">[http://www.herbotecnia.com.ar/aut-curupay.html Herbotechnica] {{in lang|es}}</ref>


==Description==
==Uses==
⚫
'''''Anadenanthera colubrina''''' ([[Vell.]]) [[John Patrick Micklethwait Brenan|Brenan]] [[var.]] '''''cebil''''' ([[Griseb.]]) [[Altschul]] is a [[mimosa]]-like timber tree native to [[Caatinga]] and [[Cerrado]] [[vegetation]] in [[Argentina]], [[Bolivia]], [[Brazil]], [[Paraguay]] and [[Peru]]. It has also been introduced to [[Mauritius]]. It grows up to 25&nbsp;m tall, with a trunk diameter of 60-90&nbsp;cm.<ref name="ildis">Text</ref><ref name="usda">{{cite web
⚫
|url=http://www2.fpl.fs.fed.us/Techsheets/Chudnoff/TropAmerican/html_files/anaden2.html
|title=Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil
⚫
|publisher=www2.fpl.fs.fed.us
⚫
|accessdate=2008-05-17
|last=
|first=
⚫
}}
⚫
</ref> The tree's mimosa-like leaves range in length from about 7-20&nbsp;cm. The flowers are cream-colored and arrive in the spring. The seed pods are fairly straight and contain about 8 to 15 seeds each. The seeds are flat, [[average]] each about 1.5&nbsp;cm in diameter and have an average [[mass]] of about 0.125&nbsp;g each. The tree's wood has a density of about 0.840&nbsp;kg/dm³.<ref name="herbo">[http://www.herbotecnia.com.ar/aut-curupay.html Herbotechnica] {{es icon}}</ref>


== Uses ==
===Gum===
===Gum===
Gum from the tree can be used in the same way as [[gum arabic]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=cMSFT5K3C9wC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=Anadenanthera+peregrina+falcata&ots=YxsJ1pJmIc&sig=cz-JSXhgUDeHieDOmCq2gseSQ3w#PPA98,M1 ''Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America'' By Constantino Manuel Torres, David B. Repke, p. 98]</ref>
Gum from the tree can be used in the same way as [[gum arabic]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=cMSFT5K3C9wC&dq=Anadenanthera+peregrina+falcata&pg=PA98 ''Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America'' By Constantino Manuel Torres, David B. Repke, p. 98]</ref>


=== Honey ===
===Honey===
This tree is used as a [[honey plant]].<ref name="usda"/>
This tree is used as a [[honey plant]].<ref name="usda"/>


=== Medicine ===
===Medicine===
The tree is a [[medicinal plant]].<ref name="usda">.</ref> The bark is the most-used part of the tree for this. An extract of grated bark is taken for [[liver]] problems. A syrup of the bark and [[resin]] is used to treat [[upper respiratory infection]]s and ''[[angina pectoris]]''. Bark extract is taken for treating [[gonorrhea]]. Small amounts of roasted, powdered seeds are snuffed for [[headache]]s and colds.<ref name="herbo">.</ref>
The tree is a [[medicinal plant]].<ref name="usda"/> The bark is the most-used part of the tree for this. Small amounts of roasted, powdered seeds are snuffed for [[headache]]s and colds.<ref name="herbo"/>


=== Ornamental tree ===
===Ornamental tree===
The tree is an [[ornamental plant]], and it is especially useful as an urban tree.<ref name="usda">.</ref>
The tree is an [[ornamental plant]], and it is especially useful as an urban tree.<ref name="usda"/>


=== Tannin ===
===Tannin===
The tree's bark contains about 15.38% [[tannin]]. The seed pods contain 3% tannin and the heartwood contains 1.8%.<ref name="usda">.</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=cMSFT5K3C9wC&pg=PA75&ots=YxrR7rDmPa&dq=%22anadenanthera+peregrina%22&sig=q5kJzixY03o-gr8tp9fikXovnqY#PPA96,M1 Google Books] ''Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America'' By Constantino Manuel Torres, David B. Repke p. 96</ref>
The tree's bark contains about 15.38% [[tannin]]. The seed pods contain 3% tannin and the heartwood contains 1.8%.<ref name="usda"/><ref>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cMSFT5K3C9wC&dq=%22anadenanthera+peregrina%22&pg=PA96 | title = Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America | author = Constantino Manuel Torres, David B. Repke | page = 96| isbn = 9780789026422 | year = 2006 }}</ref>


=== Wood ===
===Wood===
The wood is very hard and it dulls [[cutting tools]]. The [[heartwood]] is quite durable. The tree's wood is used for outdoor construction, marine applications, [[railroad tie]]s and implement handles.<ref name="usda">.</ref>
The wood is very hard and it dulls [[cutting tools]]. The [[heartwood]] is quite durable. The tree's wood is used for outdoor construction, marine applications, [[railroad tie]]s and implement handles.<ref name="usda"/>


== Alkaloids ==
==Alkaloids==
[[Bufotenin]] and [[Dimethyltryptamine]] have been isolated from the seeds and seed pods, [[5-MeO-DMT]] from the bark of the stems.<ref name="herbo">.</ref> The seeds were found to contain 12.4% bufotenine, 0.06% 5-MeO-DMT and 0.06% [[dimethyltryptamine|DMT]].<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/archive/sonoran_desert_toad/ott.htm Erowid]</ref>
[[Bufotenin]] and [[dimethyltryptamine]] have been isolated from the seeds and seed pods, [[5-MeO-DMT]] from the bark of the stems.<ref name="herbo"/>


== Conservation ==
==Conservation==
''A. colubrina'' var. ''cebil'' is very much sought for its wood and bark (for medicinal purposes) and so it is being destructively cut down by industry. Since the tree is beautiful and useful, calls are being made to plant trees near communities that use them, so that sustainable harvesting of the tree can be accomplished.<ref>[http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0102-33062005000100004&script=sci_arttext Acta Botanica Brasilica]
''A. colubrina'' var. ''cebil'' is very much sought for its wood and bark (for medicinal purposes) and so it is being destructively cut down by industry. Since the tree is beautiful and useful, calls are being made to plant trees near communities that use them, so that sustainable harvesting of the tree can be accomplished.<ref>[http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0102-33062005000100004&script=sci_arttext Acta Botanica Brasilica] ISSN 0102-3306 Acta Bot. Bras. vol.19 no.1 São Paulo Jan./Mar. 2005, Use of plant resources in a seasonal dry forest (Northeastern Brazil)</ref>
Print ISSN 0102-3306
Acta Bot. Bras. vol.19 no.1 São Paulo Jan./Mar. 2005
Use of plant resources in a seasonal dry forest (Northeastern Brazil)</ref>


== Propagation ==
==Propagation==
The seeds can be placed between a folded damp paper towel in a sealable plastic sandwich bag for a few days until the seeds sprout. They can then be planted 1cm deep in well-drained containers.<ref>[http://www.plot55.com/growing/a.colubrina.html Growing Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil Plot55]</ref> Once watered, is important to let the growing medium dry out well, before watering again.<ref>[http://www.lila.info/document_view.phtml?document_id=89 Lila]</ref>
The seeds can be placed between a folded damp paper towel in a sealable plastic sandwich bag for a few days until the seeds sprout. They can then be planted {{convert|1|cm|abbr=on}} deep in well-drained containers. Once watered, it is important to let the growing medium dry out well, before watering again.<ref>
{{Cite web
|url=http://www.lila.info/document_view.phtml?document_id=89
|title=LILA » Anadenanthera

|publisher=www.lila.info
⚫
== References ==
|accessdate=2008-05-17
<References/>
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418075612/http://www.lila.info/document_view.phtml?document_id=89
|archivedate=2008-04-18
|url-status=live
}}
</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 86: Line 82:
*[[List of plants of Caatinga vegetation of Brazil]]
*[[List of plants of Caatinga vegetation of Brazil]]
*[[List of plants of Cerrado vegetation of Brazil]]
*[[List of plants of Cerrado vegetation of Brazil]]

⚫
==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://fm2.fieldmuseum.org/vrrc/med/FABA-anad-macr-bra-2082419.jpg ''Anandenanthera macrocarpa'' Click on Image (www.fieldmuseum.org)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929091526/http://fm2.fieldmuseum.org/vrrc/med/FABA-anad-macr-bra-2082419.jpg ''Anandenanthera macrocarpa'' Click on Image (www.fieldmuseum.org)]
*[http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&LegumeWeb&tno~15575&genus~Anadenanthera&species~macrocarpa ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''cebil'' (ILDIS)]
*[http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&LegumeWeb&tno~15575&genus~Anadenanthera&species~macrocarpa ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''cebil'' (ILDIS)]
*{{pt icon}} [http://www.ipef.br/identificacao/nativas/detalhes.asp?codigo=10 ''Anadenanthera macrocarpa'']
*{{in lang|pt}} [http://www.ipef.br/identificacao/nativas/detalhes.asp?codigo=10 ''Anadenanthera macrocarpa'']
* [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&ie=ISO-8859-1&oe=ISO-8859-1&q=cebil&btnG=Search+Images&gbv=1 ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''cebil'' Photos -- Google Images]
* [http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast?w3till=MOA-02456_001.jpg ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''cebil'' Photo]
* [http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast?w3till=MOA-02456_001.jpg ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''cebil'' Photo]
*[http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast Current Specimen List for ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''cebil'']
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090601080652/http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast Current Specimen List for ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''cebil'']


{{Taxonbar|from=Q9563216}}


[[Category:Anadenanthera]]
[[Category:Anadenanthera|colubrina var. cebil]]
[[Category:Trees of Argentina]]
[[Category:Trees of Argentina]]
[[Category:Trees of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Trees of Bolivia]]
Line 102: Line 101:
[[Category:Trees of Paraguay]]
[[Category:Trees of Paraguay]]
[[Category:Trees of Peru]]
[[Category:Trees of Peru]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants of South America]]



[[pt:Anadenanthera macrocarpa]]
[[pt:Anadenanthera macrocarpa]]

Latest revision as of 21:32, 26 March 2023

Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Clade: Mimosoid clade
Genus: Anadenanthera
Species:
A. colubrina
Variety:
A. c. var. cebil
Trinomial name
Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil
Synonyms
  • Acacia cebil Griseb.
  • Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan
  • Piptadenia cebil (Griseb.) Griseb.
  • Piptadenia hassleriana Chodat
  • Piptadenia hassleriana Chodat var. fruticosa Chodat & Hass
  • Piptadenia macrocarpa Benth.
  • Piptadenia macrocarpa Benth. var. cebil (Griseb.) Chodat & Hass
  • Piptadenia macrocarpa Benth. var. genuina Chodat & Hass
  • Piptadenia macrocarpa Benth. var. plurifoliata Hoehne
  • Piptadenia macrocarpa Benth. var. vestita Chodat & Hass
  • Piptadenia microphylla Benth.[1]

Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil is a mimosa-like timber tree native to Caatinga and Cerrado vegetation in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Peru. It has also been introduced to Mauritius. It grows up to 25 m (82 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of 60–90 cm (24–35 in).[1][2] The tree's mimosa-like leaves range in length from about 7–20 cm (2.8–7.9 in). The flowers are cream-colored and arrive in the spring. The seed pods are fairly straight and contain about 8 to 15 seeds each. The seeds are flat, average each about 1.5 cm (0.59 in) in diameter and have an average mass of about 0.125 g (0.0044 oz) each. The tree's wood has a density of about 840 kg/m3 (1,420 lb/cu yd).[3]

Uses

[edit]

Gum

[edit]

Gum from the tree can be used in the same way as gum arabic.[4]

Honey

[edit]

This tree is used as a honey plant.[2]

Medicine

[edit]

The tree is a medicinal plant.[2] The bark is the most-used part of the tree for this. Small amounts of roasted, powdered seeds are snuffed for headaches and colds.[3]

Ornamental tree

[edit]

The tree is an ornamental plant, and it is especially useful as an urban tree.[2]

Tannin

[edit]

The tree's bark contains about 15.38% tannin. The seed pods contain 3% tannin and the heartwood contains 1.8%.[2][5]

Wood

[edit]

The wood is very hard and it dulls cutting tools. The heartwood is quite durable. The tree's wood is used for outdoor construction, marine applications, railroad ties and implement handles.[2]

Alkaloids

[edit]

Bufotenin and dimethyltryptamine have been isolated from the seeds and seed pods, 5-MeO-DMT from the bark of the stems.[3]

Conservation

[edit]

A. colubrina var. cebil is very much sought for its wood and bark (for medicinal purposes) and so it is being destructively cut down by industry. Since the tree is beautiful and useful, calls are being made to plant trees near communities that use them, so that sustainable harvesting of the tree can be accomplished.[6]

Propagation

[edit]

The seeds can be placed between a folded damp paper towel in a sealable plastic sandwich bag for a few days until the seeds sprout. They can then be planted 1 cm (0.39 in) deep in well-drained containers. Once watered, it is important to let the growing medium dry out well, before watering again.[7]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Acacia cebil - ILDIS LegumeWeb". www.ildis.org. Retrieved 2008-05-17.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil". www2.fpl.fs.fed.us. Archived from the original on 2008-12-18. Retrieved 2008-05-17.
  3. ^ a b c Herbotechnica (in Spanish)
  4. ^ Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America By Constantino Manuel Torres, David B. Repke, p. 98
  5. ^ Constantino Manuel Torres, David B. Repke (2006). Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America. p. 96. ISBN 9780789026422.
  6. ^ Acta Botanica Brasilica ISSN 0102-3306 Acta Bot. Bras. vol.19 no.1 São Paulo Jan./Mar. 2005, Use of plant resources in a seasonal dry forest (Northeastern Brazil)
  7. ^ "LILA » Anadenanthera". www.lila.info. Archived from the original on 2008-04-18. Retrieved 2008-05-17.
[edit]
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