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Foreign relations of Rwanda

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Rwanda has diplomatic relations with most members of the United Nations and with the Holy See.

Accepting refugees

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Rwanda has accepted tens of thousands of refugees from neighboring African countries like Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Somalia and South Sudan.[1] It has also accepted hundreds of African refugees from Israel and Afghan schoolgirls.[1]

As of 2015, Rwanda hosted 75,000 Burundian refugees according to UNHCR. When credible reports surfaced that Rwanda recruited and trained Burundi refugees including children to remove Burundian President Nkurunziza, Rwanda announced to relocate Burundian refugees to third countries.[2]

Since September 2019, Rwanda has also taken in Libyan refugees and asylum-seekers, operating a refugee center at Gashora, Rwanda, which houses up to 700 refugees from eight African countries (Eritrea, Sudan, South Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon) and is financed by UNHCR until 31 December 2023.[3]

In 2021 Denmark signed a deal to establish an asylum center in Kigali, and since April 2022, the UK has sought to shift its asylum responsibilities, considering Rwanda a safe third country by offering 120 million pounds in economic development programs in return for accepting refugees.[1]

Diplomatic relations

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List of countries which Rwanda maintains diplomatic relations with:

 
# Country Date[4]
1   France 1 July 1962[5]
2   Israel 1 July 1962[6]
3   Japan 1 July 1962[7]
4   United Kingdom 1 July 1962[8]
5   United States 1 July 1962[9]
6   Belgium 18 July 1962[10]
7   Pakistan July 1962[11]
8   Uganda 18 December 1962[12]
9   Germany 13 February 1963[13]
10   South Korea 21 March 1963[14]
11   Denmark 2 April 1963[15]
12   Russia 17 October 1963[16]
13    Switzerland 12 November 1963[17]
—   Holy See 6 June 1964[18]
14   Canada 11 June 1964[19]
15   Netherlands 1 October 1964[20]
16   Luxembourg 27 October 1964[21]
17   Tanzania 7 January 1965[22]
18   Colombia 22 February 1965[23]
19   Italy 5 May 1965[24]
20   Kenya 11 June 1965[25]
21   Poland 10 July 1965[26]
22   Romania 15 July 1965[27]
23   Czech Republic 24 July 1965[28]
24   Austria 14 September 1965[29][30]
25   Ethiopia 26 October 1966[31]
26   Spain 16 June 1967[32]
27   Guinea 28 June 1967[33]
28   Democratic Republic of the Congo February 1969[34]
29   Burundi April 1969[35]
30   Ghana 1969[36]
31   Norway 30 January 1971[37]
32   Senegal 9 February 1971[38]
33   Egypt 10 February 1971[39]
34   Syria 10 February 1971[39]
35   Serbia 15 June 1971[40]
36   China 12 November 1971[41]
37   Tunisia 1971[42]
38   North Korea 22 April 1972[43]
39   Nigeria 10 June 1972[44][45]
40   Hungary 31 July 1972[46]
41   Chad 9 December 1972[47]
42   Zambia January 1973[48]
43   Greece 1 February 1973[49]
44   Cameroon 11 March 1974[50]
45   Ivory Coast 15 March 1974[51]
46   Libya 10 May 1974[52]
47   Sweden 1974[53]
48   Argentina 8 January 1975[54]
49   Burkina Faso 26 November 1975[55]
50   Vietnam 30 September 1975[56]
51   Algeria 25 November 1975[57]
52   Niger 1975[58]
53   Mexico 21 January 1976[59]
54   Portugal 12 February 1976[60]
55   Mozambique 17 April 1976[61]
56   Cuba 6 September 1979[62]
57   Bulgaria 20 December 1979[63]
58   Turkey 18 February 1980[64]
59   Djibouti 3 April 1980[65]
60   Brazil 20 January 1981[66]
61   Venezuela 18 August 1981[67]
62   Republic of the Congo 17 August 1982[68]
63   Philippines 15 December 1982[69]
64   Finland 1 June 1983[70]
65   Lesotho 1983[71]
66   Bangladesh 13 January 1984[72]
67   Indonesia 16 January 1984[73]
68   Benin 8 March 1985[74]
69   Mauritania 27 April 1985[75]
70   Mali 6 January 1987[76]
71   Thailand 30 October 1987[77]
72   Angola December 1988[78]
73   Cyprus 31 March 1990[79]
74   Namibia 21 December 1990[80]
75   Chile 20 September 1991[81]
76   Slovakia 1 January 1993[82]
77   Ukraine 8 September 1993[83]
78   South Africa May 1995
79   United Arab Emirates 1995[84]
80   North Macedonia 18 April 1996[85]
81   Bahrain 2 March 1998[86]
82   Oman March 1998[87]
83   Jamaica 6 November 1998
84   Zimbabwe 7 October 1999[88]
85   India 1999[89]
86   Costa Rica 8 March 2001
87   Mauritius 16 March 2001
88   Malawi 26 June 2001[90]
89   Belarus 25 February 2002
90   Sudan 15 October 2003[91]
91   Azerbaijan 28 March 2004
92   Armenia 29 March 2004
93   Iceland 12 May 2004
94   Botswana September 2004[92]
95   Singapore 18 March 2005[93]
96   Malaysia 1 August 2005[94][95]
97   Cambodia 29 September 2005[96]
98   Estonia 14 March 2006[97]
99   Slovenia 8 December 2006
100   Seychelles 2006[98]
101   Latvia 10 April 2007[99]
102   Australia 9 May 2007[100]
103   Morocco 21 June 2007[101]
104   Uruguay 16 June 2009
105   Laos 31 August 2009[102]
106   Equatorial Guinea 29 July 2010[103]
107   Gabon 8 October 2010[104]
108   Georgia 23 March 2011
109   Sri Lanka 20 April 2011[105]
110   Iran 19 May 2011[106]
111   New Zealand 17 April 2012[107]
112   Kazakhstan 10 May 2012[108]
113   Somalia 18 October 2012[109]
114   Lithuania 27 March 2013
115   Montenegro 12 April 2013
116   Kuwait 19 September 2013[110]
117   Bosnia and Herzegovina 17 October 2013
118   South Sudan 21 October 2013[111]
119   Mongolia 25 November 2013
120   Ireland 28 November 2013[112]
121   Sierra Leone 29 November 2013[113]
122   Monaco 10 April 2014[114]
123   Gambia 15 July 2014[115]
124   Eswatini 30 August 2014[116]
125   Barbados 28 July 2015[117]
126   Central African Republic 8 July 2016[118]
127   Liechtenstein 11 November 2016[119]
128   São Tomé and Príncipe 11 January 2017[120]
129   Togo 17 January 2017[121]
130   Lebanon April 2017[122]
131   Eritrea 18 April 2017[123]
132   Cape Verde 4 May 2017[124]
133   Qatar 4 May 2017
134   Liberia 16 May 2017[125]
135   Jordan 4 June 2017[126]
136   Peru 7 December 2017[127]
137   Madagascar 17 January 2018[128]
138   Croatia 15 February 2018
139   Saudi Arabia 29 March 2018
140   Malta 12 July 2018
141     Nepal 20 July 2018
142   Tajikistan 30 July 2018
143   Haiti 15 August 2018
144   Vanuatu 3 October 2018[129]
145   Andorra 14 November 2018
146   Saint Kitts and Nevis 15 February 2019[130]
147   Saint Lucia 28 August 2019
148   Maldives 6 September 2019
149   Suriname 14 October 2019
150   Ecuador 17 October 2019
151   Nicaragua 8 November 2019[131]
152   Antigua and Barbuda 10 December 2019
153   Belize 22 January 2020
154   Brunei 9 December 2020
155   Grenada 3 March 2021
156   Dominica 15 April 2021
157   Guinea-Bissau 27 April 2021[132]
158   Bolivia 22 September 2021[133]
159   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9 November 2021
160   Trinidad and Tobago 26 May 2022
161   Bahamas 16 June 2022
162   Guyana 24 August 2022
163   Dominican Republic 23 September 2022
164   Kyrgyzstan 13 December 2022
165   Comoros 16 January 2023[134]
166   Tonga 21 March 2023
167   Paraguay 18 April 2023
168   El Salvador 18 September 2023
169   Panama 18 September 2023
170   Moldova 25 January 2024
171   Guatemala 24 September 2024[135]
172   Solomon Islands 24 September 2024[136]
173   Marshall Islands 25 September 2024
174   Samoa 22 October 2024[137]
—   Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Unknown

Bilateral relations

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Embassy of Rwanda in Washington, D.C.

Several west European and African nations, Canada, People's Republic of China, Egypt, Libya, Russia, the Holy See, and the European Union maintain diplomatic missions in Kigali.[citation needed]

Country Notes
  Australia Both countries established diplomatic relations in 2007[138]
  • Rwanda is accredited to Australia through its High Commission in Singapore, Rwanda also has an Honorary Consul based in Melbourne.[139]
  • Australia is represented in Rwanda through its High Commission in Nairobi, Kenya.
  Bangladesh See Bangladesh-Rwanda relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 January 1984[140] In 1994 Bangladesh provided roughly 900 peace-keeping troops, including soldiers and medical personnel, to Rwanda to aid in keeping the peace during the Rwandan genocide, one of more than 40 countries to do so.[141]

  Belgium See Belgium-Rwanda relations

Belgium was the colonial power, administering the League of Nations mandate in Ruanda Urundi from 1922 until their independence in 1962. See Ruanda-Urundi.

During the 1994 Genocide, 10 Belgian Peacekeepers were murdered while trying to protect then-Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana.[142]

  Belize Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 2020[145]
  Burundi
Main article: Burundi–Rwanda relations

Burundi and Rwanda have always had diplomatic relations as the two were very closed linked kingdoms and their political relations can date back to the year 1091, when the Kingdom of Rwanda was founded, the two kingdoms always had close relationships and even political alliances between the two monarchies. In the modern era, the two states dispute sections of border on the Akanyaru and the Kagera/Nyabarongo rivers, which have changed course since the 1960s, when the boundary was delimited; cross-border conflicts among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces persist in the Great Lakes region.

  • Burundi has an embassy in Kigali.
  • Rwanda has an embassy in Bujumbura.
  China See China–Rwanda relations

China and Rwanda established diplomatic relations on 12 November 1971.[146]

  • China has an embassy in Kigali.
  • Rwanda has an embassy in Beijing.
  Democratic Republic of the Congo
Main article: Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda relations

In 1998, Rwanda, along with Uganda, invaded the Democratic Republic of the Congo to back Congolese rebels trying to overthrow then-President Laurent Kabila. Rwandan troops remain in the Congo, backing rebels that aim to overthrow Laurent Kabila's son, Joseph Kabila, who is now the President of the Congo. Rwandan troops have pulled back, however, behind disengagement lines set forth in the Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement.

Rwandan President Paul Kagame met with the Democratic Republic of the Congo's President Joseph Kabila in Goma on 6 August 2009.[147] It was the first presidential meeting between the two countries for 13 years,[148] with the two countries having come to a disagreement in 1996 following an invasion by Rwanda into eastern Congo, a disagreement which was renewed in 1998 after a further invasion.[147] The pair of presidents spent more than two hours in the company of each other and "reviewed all issues of common interest".[147] Kabila referred to it as "the first giant step forward" in what was referred to as an "all new era".[148] One month previous to the meeting both countries had appointed ambassadors to each other's capitals.[147][148]

  France

See France–Rwanda relations

As a result of French complicity before, during and after the genocide, with the genocidaires (that is, those who committed the genocide),[149] Rwanda cut off relations with France at the end of the war, and replaced French with English as an official language. Relations were resumed in November 2009. Nicolas Sarkozy visited Kigali in February 2010.[150]

in 2016, A French court ordered the re-opening of the case investigating the fatal plane crash that killed Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana in 1994.[151] The move angered administration in Ghana. The National Commission for the Fight Against Genocide (CNLG) issued the names of French military 22 officers[152] requested for depositions. The officers were station in France during the 1994 Turquoise safe zone operation.

  Germany See Germany–Rwanda relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 February 1963[153]

  India See India–Rwanda relations
  • India is represented in Rwanda through its High Commission in Kigali.[154]
  • Rwanda has its embassy in New Delhi.[155]
  Israel See Israel-Rwanda relations

In 1962, Israel was the second country to recognize Rwanda's independence. In 1973 the relations were severed and restored in October 1994 after the Rwandan genocide.

  • Israel has embassy in Kigali from 2019.
  • Rwanda has embassy in Tel Aviv feom 2015.
  Japan
  Kenya Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 June 1965[159]

See Kenya-Rwanda Relations

  Mexico Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 1976[162]
  • Mexico is accredited to Rwanda from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate in Kigali.[163]
  • Rwanda is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[164]
  Netherlands The Embassy of the Republic of Rwanda was established in the Kingdom of the Netherlands in The Hague on the 1st of November 2006[165]
  North Korea See North Korea–Rwanda relations
  Romania
  • Romania is accredited to Rwanda from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Rwanda is accredited to Romania from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  Singapore The High Commission of the Republic of Rwanda in Singapore was officially opened in 2008[166]
  • Singapore is accredited to Rwanda through a non-resident high commissioner based in Singapore.
  • Rwanda has a high commission in Singapore.
  Slovenia Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 2006[167]
  South Korea 22 August 1972 opened Embassy Republic of Korea in Rwanda, but closed 31 May 1975, reopened 11 September 1987, the embassy was closed again 30 November 1990 and reopened 30 December 2011. Rwanda opened its embassy in Seoul 30 March 2009[168]
  • Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Republic of Rwanda is 21 March 1963.[169]
  Spain See Rwanda–Spain relations
  • Rwanda is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Rwanda from its embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
  Tanzania See Rwanda-Tanzania relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 January 1965 when accredited first Ambassador of Rwanda to Tanzania (resident in Kampala) Mr. Musabyimana Malachie[170]

  Turkey See Rwanda–Turkey relations
  • Rwanda has an embassy in Ankara.[171]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Kigali.[171]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 32.4 million USD in 2019 (Rwandan exports/imports: 0.2/32.2 million USD).[171]
  United Arab Emirates UAE Embassy in Kigali opened its temporary premises in March 2018 and was relocated to its current premises in April 2019[172]
  • Rwanda has an embassy in the UAE
  • Trade volume stood at $434.8 million in 2018[173]
  United Kingdom See Rwanda–United Kingdom relations

Rwanda established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 1 July 1962.[8]

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, and the World Trade Organization.

  United States See Rwanda–United States relations

See also

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References

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  This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.[175]

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