An online streamer or live streamer is a type of social media influencer who broadcasts themselves online through a live stream to an audience.
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History
editStreaming arose in the early 2010s, originating on sites like YouTube where users could upload videos of themselves in the form of vlogs or Let's Plays. While not all content featured a live audience, users were still able to gain a sizable following and make a living off of their content. Other sites like Twitch increased this popularity by offering innovations such as video clippings and pay-for-play.[1] Due to the potential for high earnings from multiple income streams (e.g., ad revenue sharing, endorsements/partnerships, subscriptions), streaming has become a much-yearned-for career option.[2]
Genre
editVideo games
editLet's Players have been the most popular streamers by far since the beginning of live streaming. Today, the majority of streamers make their living from doing Let's Plays, live speedruns, and walkthroughs of video games. The biggest video game streamers are PewDiePie and Ninja who make millions of dollars each year just from streaming.[3][4]
IRL streams
editWhile the majority of professional and part-time streamers play video games, many often do IRL (in real life) streams where they broadcast their daily life. At first, many streaming sites prohibited non-gaming live streams as they thought it would harm the quality of the content on their sites but the demand for non-gaming content grew.[5] Topics include answering questions in front of a computer, streaming from their phone while walking outside, or even doing tutorials. IRL streams are alternatives to viewers who do not necessarily like to play video games.[6]
Virtual avatar
editVirtual avatars, commonly known as VTubers, are a branch of streaming in which virtual avatars, occasionally paired with voice changers, are used instead of the streamer's face. There are multiple companies focused on the promotion, support and merchandising of VTuber talent, including Nijisanji and Hololive Production. In 2020 alone, there were more than 10,000 active VTubers.[7]
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Pornographic streaming
editPornographic streams are a way to directly communicate with porn stars. Camgirls and camboys broadcast while nude or performing sexual acts often on demand from viewers. Sites like Plexstorm have created a niche by streaming video gamers performing or showing sexual content including pornographic games.[8]
By nations
editSouth Korea
editIn South Korea, a streamer is called a "broadcast jockey". Broadcast jockeys have become popular over the years in Korea thanks in part to many of them being more relatable to viewers than some celebrities and becoming famous enough to appear on TV shows. While it is common for broadcast jockeys to become national stars, there has been a recent rise in the number of famous Korean idols and celebrities becoming broadcast jockeys either as a way to supplement their career or full-time as they make more money streaming than they would acting or singing.[9][10] The number of famous stars becoming full-time broadcast jockeys has outpaced the number of part-timers as many prefer freedom over professional offers.[11] Politicians have streaming channels.[12] Korean sites include AfreecaTV, Naver TV, and KakaoTV in addition to worldwide streaming sites like Twitch, YouTube, and Bigo Live.
Mukbang, the live-streaming of eating a meal, originated in South Korea.[13]
China
editChina has become the largest marketplace for live streaming. A large number of streamers make $10,000–$100,000 a month without having to be a big name on the Internet.[14] This is due to the large population and the ubiquity of smartphones, where many Chinese citizens prefer to consume their entertainment. The live streaming market grew 180% in 2016 and has grown even more since then.[15] Chinese streaming sites may be restricted to Chinese content and audiences due to the strict Internet rules in the country and the difficulty of cooperating with the Chinese Communist Party. Many Chinese streamers average 100,000 viewers per stream and earn $29,000 per month just by partnering with an agency.[16]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Anderton, Kevin. "The Business Of Video Games: Streamers And Refereum [Infographic]". Forbes.
- ^ "Average streamer number on YouTube Gaming Live and Twitch 2018 - Statistic". Statista.
- ^ "The YouTuber who has made more money than Cameron Diaz this year". The Independent. 15 October 2015. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24.
- ^ Tassi, Paul. "'Fortnite' Legend Ninja Talks Twitch Fame And Fortune, And The Game That Got Him There". Forbes.
- ^ "Twitch now permits streamers to broadcast non-gaming vlog-style content". 15 December 2016.
- ^ "IRL Streaming: Spontaneous Entertainment For An Audience That's Always Live". uk.news.yahoo.com.
- ^ "ユーザーローカル、バーチャルYouTuberの1万人突破を発表 9000人から4ヵ月で1000人増 | PANORA" (in Japanese). 2020-01-15. Retrieved 2022-08-03.
- ^ AVN, AVN Staff. "Plexstorm's Streaming Site Connects Porn Gamer Girls with Fans". AVN.
- ^ "Former Idols Are Becoming Broadcast Jockeys, And It's No Wonder Why". 10 May 2018.
- ^ "Actress Shin Se-kyung thrives as YouTuber". koreatimes. December 12, 2018.
- ^ Kim, Dasol (6 March 2018). "Celebrities Who Have Become Broadcast Jockeys aka BJ's".
- ^ "More politicians become YouTubers to promote themselves". koreatimes. 9 December 2018.
- ^ Harris, Jenn (18 December 2013). "South Korean dinner porn: No nudity, and a lot of food". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ "How to make $100,000 a month in China, live-streaming your life - The Washington Post". The Washington Post.
- ^ "Report: China's live streaming market grew 180% in 2016 · TechNode". 31 March 2017.
- ^ Chen, Qian (1 December 2016). "China's live-streaming explosion: a game changer for all?". www.cnbc.com.
