Wikipedia

Kh-38

(Redirected from Kh-36)

The Kh-38/Kh-38M (Russian: Х-38) is a family of standoff air-to-surface missiles meant to succeed the Kh-25 and Kh-29 missile families. The Kh-38 also serves as the basis for the Kh-36 unpowered and powered glide-bombs.[6][7]

Kh-38
Kh-38ME
TypeTactical air-to-surface missile
Place of originRussia
Service history
In service2012 (Kh-38ME)
2019 (Kh-36)
Used byRussia
Wars
Production history
DesignerTactical Missiles Corporation JSC
Designed2007 (Kh-38ME) - 2015 (Kh-36)
ManufacturerTactical Missiles Corporation JSC
Produced2015 (Kh-38M) - 2019 (Kh-36)
Specifications
Mass520 kg (1,150 lb)
Length4.2 m (13 ft 9 in)[3]
Diameter0.31 m (12.2 in)[3]
Wingspan1.14 m (44.9 in)
WarheadHE fragmentation, cluster warhead, armor-piercing
Warhead weightup to 250 kg (551 lb)[3]
Detonation
mechanism
Contact fuse
EngineTwo-stage solid rocket motor[3]
Operational
range
up to 70km (Kh-38ML),[4] up to 120km (Kh-36 Grom-E1)[5]
Flight altitude200-12000 m
Maximum speed Mach 2.2[3]
Guidance
system
Laser, active radar, IR, satellite, depending on variant
Launch
platform
Kh-38: Su-34, Su-25SM3, Su-57, Ka-52K
Kh-36: Su-57, MiG-35

Design and development

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The basic configuration of the Kh-38M was revealed at the 2007 Moscow Air Show (MAKS). The first prototypes of the missile had initially folding wings and tail fins for internal carriage, and would have a variety of seeker heads for different variants.[8] Different warheads (fragmentation, cluster munitions, penetrating) can also be fitted. The Kh-38M is meant to succeed the Kh-25 and Kh-29 missile families. It can be used by combat aircraft such as the Sukhoi Su-34 and Sukhoi Su-57, and it is planned to be integrated on the Kamov Ka-52K helicopter. The first test firing took place in 2010 from a Su-34, and production was ordered to start in 2015.[3]

In a successive version, unveiled at MAKS 2017, both control surfaces were replaced by longer and narrower fixed ones, a solution similar to the one used in the Selenia Aspide missile.[9][needs update]

Operational history

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The Kh-38M was first used in combat during the Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war.[3] It was also used during the 2022 invasion of Ukraine.[10]

Variants

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Kh-38

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Kh-36

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  • Kh-36 Grom-E1 - Rocket assisted version of the Grom-E2. Sometimes referred as a hybrid missile glide bomb.[11] AS-23 tactical cruise missile derivative/AGM with 120 km range[5]
  • Kh-36 Grom-E2 - AS-23B/KAB-type guided glide bomb with 50 km range.[12]

Both versions of the Grom are of 600 kg weight, with various guidance mechanisms, and both are created on the basis of the Kh-38M short-range tactical missile and also have modular structures, warheads and seekers. This weapon was first seen at MAKS 2015, and intended to equip all types of fighters, including the MiG-35 and Su-57.[13]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Russia to test new missiles in Syria later this year". 14 September 2016.
  2. ^ "Russian MiG-29Ks will employ Kh-38 in Syria – Alert 5". 15 September 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "[Actu] La bombe guidée 9A-7759 Grom". Red Samovar. 26 June 2018.
  4. ^ https://x.com/GuyPlopsky/status/1795718984215777551 [bare URL]
  5. ^ a b "Airborne guided missile "GROM-E1"". Archived from the original on 26 July 2022.
  6. ^ Newdick, Thomas (14 May 2024). "Our Best Look At Russia's Kh-38 Missile Now Being Used In Ukraine". The War Zone.
  7. ^ Butowski, Piotr (19 July 2023). "The Truth About Russia's Mysterious Winged Glide Bombs". The War Zone.
  8. ^ Barrie, Douglas and Komarov, Alexey. "War on Two Fronts for Russia's Missile Builders ". Aviation Week, 10 September 2007. Retrieved: 25 May 2014.
  9. ^ "MAKS: Tactical Missiles Corporation shows Kh-38 changes - Russian aviation news". 20 July 2017.
  10. ^ Newdick, Thomas (14 May 2024). "Our Best Look At Russia's Kh-38 Missile Now Being Used In Ukraine". The War Zone. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  11. ^ Syngaivska, Sofiia (22 March 2023). "New Russian Grom-E1 Missile: On What Is It Really Based". Defense UA.
  12. ^ "Airborne guided gliding bomb "GROM-E2"". 20 July 2021. Archived from the original on 20 July 2021.
  13. ^ "Производитель раскрыл характеристики новейших авиационных средств поражения "Гром"". 6 August 2019.
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