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SystemTap

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In computing, SystemTap (stap) is a scripting language and tool for dynamically instrumenting running production Linux kernel-based operating systems. System administrators can use SystemTap to extract, filter and summarize data in order to enable diagnosis of complex performance or functional problems.

SystemTap
Developer(s)Various
Initial release2005 (2005)
Stable release
3.1 / February 17, 2017; 7 years ago (2017-02-17)
Repository
Written inC, C++, custom scripting
Operating systemLinux kernel
TypeTracing programming language
LicenseGNU General Public License
Websitesourceware.org/systemtap/

SystemTap consists of free and open-source software and includes contributions from Red Hat, IBM, Intel, Hitachi, Oracle, and other community members.[1]

History

SystemTap debuted in 2005 in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 2 as a technology preview.[2]

After four years in development, SystemTap 1.0 was released in 2009.[3]

As of 2011 SystemTap runs fully supported in all Linux distributions including RHEL / CentOS 5[4] since update 2, SLES 10,[5] Fedora, Debian and Ubuntu.

Tracepoints in the CPython VM and JVM were added in SystemTap 1.2.[6]

Usage

SystemTap files are written in the SystemTap language [7] (saved as .stp files) and run with the stap command-line[8]. The system carries out a number of passes on the script before allowing it to run, at which point the script is compiled into a loadable kernel module and loaded into the kernel. Listing modules shows each SystemTap script as stap_<UUID>. The module is unloaded when the tap has finished running.

Scripts generally focus on events (such as starting or finishing a script), compiled-in probe points such as Linux "tracepoints", or the execution of functions or statements in the kernel or user-space.

Some "guru mode" scripts may also have embedded C, which may run with the -g command-line option. However, use of guru mode is discouraged, and each SystemTap release includes more probe points designed to remove the need for guru-mode taps.

As of systemtap release 1.7 the software implements the new stapsys group and privilege level.[9]

Simple examples

The following script shows all applications setting TCP socket options on the system, what options are being set, and whether the option is set successfully or not: 

# Show sockets setting options

# Return enabled or disabled based on value of optval
function getstatus(optval)
{
    if ( optval == 1 )
        return "enabling"
    else
        return "disabling"
}

probe begin
{
	print ("\nChecking for apps setting socket options\n")
}

# Set a socket option
probe tcp.setsockopt
{
    status = getstatus(user_int($optval))
	printf ("  App '%s' (PID %d) is %s socket option %s... ", execname(), pid(), status, optstr)
}

# Check setting the socket option worked
probe tcp.setsockopt.return
{
    if ( ret == 0 )
        printf ("success")
    else
        printf ("failed")
    printf ("\n")
}

probe end
{
	print ("\nClosing down\n")
}

Many other examples are shipped with SystemTap.[10] There are also real-world examples of SystemTap use at the War Stories page.[11]

Importing scripts from other tracing technologies

SystemTap can attach to DTrace markers when they are compiled into an application using macros from the sys/sdt.h header file.

See also

References

  1. ^ "A SystemTap update". lwn.net.
  2. ^ "Product Documentation for Red Hat Enterprise Linux". Red Hat.
  3. ^ "Josh Stone - SystemTap release 1.0".
  4. ^ "Product Documentation". Red Hat.
  5. ^ 60951 (10 October 2006). "Optional update for SystemTap". Novell. {{cite web}}: |author= has numeric name (help)
  6. ^ "Features/SystemtapStaticProbes - FedoraProject". Fedoraproject.
  7. ^ https://sourceware.org/systemtap/langref/
  8. ^ Compare Romans, Robb (2009). "SystemTap Language Reference: A guide to the constructs and syntax used in SystemTap scripts" (PDF). Red Hat. p. 4. Retrieved 2010-12-19. SystemTap [...] requires root privileges to actually run the kernel objects it builds using the sudo command, applied to the staprun program.[...] staprun is a part of the SystemTap package, dedicated to module loading and unloading and kernel-touser data transfer.
  9. ^ Eigler, Frank Ch. (2012-02-01). "systemtap 1.7 release". Retrieved 2013-03-26. The systemtap team announces release 1.7 [...] The new group and privilege level "stapsys" has been added [...]
  10. ^ "SystemTap Examples".
  11. ^ "WarStories - Systemtap Wiki".
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