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His main academic interests are proper names (both from the historical and the theoretical perspective), [[historical linguistics]] in general, the [[philology]] of the [[Germanic languages|Germanic]], [[Romance languages|Romance]] and [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] languages, regional variation in language, and [[local history]]. He is editor of the Survey of English Place-Names for [[Hampshire]] and principal investigator of the [[Arts and Humanities Research Council|AHRC]]-funded project Family Names of the United Kingdom (FaNUK), running from 2010–16, of which [[Patrick Hanks]] is lead researcher.
He has written books on the names of the [[Channel Islands]], the local place-names of [[St Kilda, Scotland|St Kilda]], Hampshire and [[Sussex]], the dialect of Sussex, and, with [[Andrew Breeze]], on Celtic place-names in England, as well as about 400 academic articles, notes, and collections on related topics. For example, in 1998, he introduced a new etymology of the name ''London'', deriving it from the pre-Celtic [[Old European hydronymy|Old European]] ''*(p)lowonidā'', meaning 'boat river' or 'swim river', i.e. 'river too wide or deep to ford', and suggested that this was a name given to the part of the [[River Thames]] which flows through London; from this, the settlement gained the Celtic form of its name, ''*Lowonidonjon'', by suffixation.<ref name="coates1">{{cite journal|last=Coates|first=Richard|year=1998|title=A new explanation of the name of London|journal=Transactions of the Philological Society|volume=96|issue=2|pages=203–229|url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-968X.00027|doi=10.1111/1467-968X.00027}}</ref> His main contribution to linguistic theory is The Pragmatic Theory of Properhood, set out in a number of articles since 2000.<ref name="coates2">{{cite journal|last=Coates|first=Richard|year=2006|title=Properhood|journal=Language|volume=82|issue=2|pages=356–382|doi=10.1353/lan.2006.0084}}
He is also the author of ''Word Structure'', a students' introduction to [[morphology (linguistics)|linguistic morphology]] (Routledge), and of online resources on [[Shakespeare]]'s character-names and on the place-names of [[Hayling Island]].
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1987 (co-ed. with John Lyons, Margaret Deuchar and Gerald Gazdar) ''New horizons in linguistics 2.'' Harmondsworth: Pelican; pp. viii + 465 (ISBN 978-0-14-022612-6).
1988 ''Toponymic topics: essays on the early toponymy of the British Isles.'' Brighton: Younsmere Press; pp. v + 124 (ISBN 0
1989 ''The place-names of Hampshire.'' London: Batsford; pp. vii + 193 (ISBN 0
1990 ''The place-names of St Kilda: nomina hirtensia.'' Lampeter: Edwin Mellen (ISBN
1991 ''The ancient and modern names of the Channel Islands: a linguistic history.'' Stamford: Paul Watkins; pp. xiv + 144 (ISBN 1
1992 (ed.) ''De A.B.C. psalms by Jim Cladpole (James Richards).'' Brighton: Younsmere Press; pp. 46 (ISBN 0
1993 ''Hampshire place-names.'' Southampton: Ensign Publications. Paperback edition of ''The place-names of Hampshire''; pp. 193 (ISBN 185455 090 X).
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1996–2007 (ed.) ''Locus focus: forum of the Sussex place-names net'' (7 vols, 14 issues).
1999 ''The place-names of West Thorney.'' Nottingham: English Place-Name Society (supplementary series 1); pp. v + 64 (ISBN
1999 ''Word structure.'' London and New York: Routledge (Routledge Language Workbooks); pp. ix + 101 (ISBN
2000 (with [[Andrew Breeze]]; including a contribution by David Horovitz) ''Celtic voices, English places: studies of the Celtic impact on place-names in England.'' Stamford: Shaun Tyas; pp. xiv + 433 (ISBN 1
2006 (guest ed.) ''Name theory.'' Special issue of ''Onoma'', vol. 41 (spine date 2006; appeared 2011); pp. 309 ({{ISSN
2007 ''The place-names of Hayling Island, Hampshire.'' [MS. of 1991. Web-publication; http://www.uwe.ac.uk/hlss/llas/staff_coates_r_hayling.doc; pp. 96.]
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