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Matthiaspaul (talk | contribs) →References: improved refs |
the change from 'Business Week' to 'BusinessWeek' happened in the mid-1970s, so all of these should be the latter |
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Under Noorda, Novell made a series of acquisitions interpreted by many to be a direct challenge to Microsoft.<ref name="Barney_1994_Novell"/><ref name="Allchin_1992"/><ref name="Age_forsale_2000"/> Noorda was motivated in part by a realization that NetWare's technology was not suitable as the basis for a full-fledged operating system and application platform.<ref name="Fortune_battle_1993"/><ref name="CNET_Firmage_2003"/> There was also enmity between the two companies and the two CEOs, stemming in part from merger talks between Noorda and Microsoft head [[Bill Gates]] that had begun in 1989 and been on-and-off for the next couple of years before breaking down for good.<ref name="Guardian_Frankenberg_1994"/> Subsequently, Novell had played a role in keeping the [[United States v. Microsoft Corp.#History|Federal Trade Commission investigation into Microsoft]] going.<ref name="BW_Microsoft_1993"/>
Between 1991 and 1994, the Noorda-led Novell made this series of major acquisitions: [[Digital Research Inc.]], producer of [[DR-DOS]], to compete with Microsoft's [[MS-DOS]]; [[Unix System Laboratories]], holder of [[Unix]] operating system technology, to improve Novell's technology base versus Windows NT; [[Serius Corp.]], maker of an advanced application development tool; and [[WordPerfect Corporation]] and [[Quattro Pro]] from [[Borland]] to provide personal productivity and group collaboration products.<ref name="Guardian_Frankenberg_1994"/> In all, Noorda acquired ten companies within a four-year span.<ref name="Guardian_Frankenberg_1994"/> By September 1993, ''[[
In April 1994, former HP executive [[Robert Frankenberg]] was announced as the new CEO of Novell, with Noorda remaining as chairman of the board of directors.<ref name="Fisher_1994_Novell"/> By then the USL acquisition was already showing difficulties, while the WordPerfect acquisition was questioned even more.<ref name="Fisher_1994_Novell"/> Nonetheless, Frankenberg said he was enthusiastic about it: "For me, it was a pivotal item in my decision to join Novell because it makes possible an entirely new category of networked applications which no one else can provide."<ref name="Fisher_1994_Novell"/> When the WordPerfect and Quattro Pro acquisitions closed in June 1994, it was the largest such deal in the software industry to that time; it made Novell the third-largest software company in the world, trailing only Microsoft and [[Computer Associates]].<ref name="DH_WordPerfect_1994"/>
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<ref name="Gasperson_2005_SUSE">{{cite web |title=Novell frees SUSE Professional under new branding |author-first=Tina |author-last=Gasperson |date=2005-08-03 |publisher=[[NewsForge]] |url=http://os.newsforge.com/os/05/08/03/1246236.shtml |access-date=2017-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050805004552/http://os.newsforge.com/os/05/08/03/1246236.shtml |archive-date=2005-08-05}}</ref>
<ref name="openSUSE_2013">{{cite web |title=Buy openSUSE |publisher=[[openSUSE]] |date=2013-03-20 |url=http://en.opensuse.org/Buy_openSUSE |access-date=2013-07-17}}</ref>
<ref name="Businessweek_Cold">{{cite web |title=Cold Realities For Novell |
<ref name="Rosenblatt_2012">{{cite news |author-last=Rosenblatt |author-first=Joel |date=2012-07-16 |title=Microsoft wins dismissal of Novell's antitrust lawsuit |series=Business & Technology |newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]] |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/businesstechnology/2018702942_microsoftnovell17.html |access-date=2013-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130630083938/http://seattletimes.com/html/businesstechnology/2018702942_microsoftnovell17.html |archive-date=2013-06-30}}</ref>
<ref name="Microsoft_2006_Novell">{{cite web |title=Microsoft and Novell Announce Broad Collaboration on Windows and Linux Interoperability and Support |date=2006-11-02 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |url=http://news.microsoft.com/2006/11/02/microsoft-and-novell-announce-broad-collaboration-on-windows-and-linux-interoperability-and-support/ |access-date=2017-01-10}}</ref>
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<ref name="DH_WordPerfect_1994">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/471049335/?terms=novell%20wordperfect%20merger&match=1 | title=Novell, WordPerfect finalize merger | author-first=Pat | author-last=Christian | newspaper=The Daily Herald | location=Provo, Utah | date=1994-06-27 | pages=1, 2 | via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
<ref name="Age_NetWare_1995">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/122909134/?terms=novell%20supernos&match=1 | title=Novell is back and stalking NT | author-first=Eric | author-last=Wilson | newspaper=The Age | location=Melbourne | date=1998-09-01 | page=5 (I.T.2) | via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
<ref name="BW_Microsoft_1993">{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/1993-09-26/novell-vs-dot-microsoft-whats-behind-the-hate | title=Novell Vs. Microsoft: What's Behind The Hate | author-first=Mark | author-last=Lewyn | magazine=
<ref name="Guardian_Frankenberg_1994">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/260577122/?terms=novell%20supernos&match=1 | title=Can Novell Make the Connections | author-first=Jack | author-last=Schofield | newspaper=The Guardian | location=London | date=1994-09-22 | page=8 (OnLine) | via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
<ref name="Age_SuperNOS_1994">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/122905989/?terms=novell%20supernos&match=1 | title=Novell Courts Online Tourists | author-first=Charles | author-last=Wright | newspaper=The Age | location=Melbourne | date=1994-09-20 | page=27 | via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
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<ref name="Byte_cover_1995">{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/details/eu_BYTE-1995-02_OCR/page/n75/mode/2up | title=Novell's Campaign | author-first=Jon | author-last=Udell | magazine=Byte | date=February 1995 | pages=42-44,46–47,50,52,54,58,60,62,64 }} "The New World of Novell", cover story of issue.</ref>
<ref name="LAT_Lotus_1990">{{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-05-21-fi-134-story.html | title=Software Giants Lotus, Novell Call Off Merger | author-first=Nancy Rivera | author-last=Brooks | newspaper=Los Angeles Times | date=1990-05-12}}</ref>
<ref name="BW_Noorda_1991">{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/1991-09-01/can-lan-lord-novell-extend-its-territory | title=Can LAN Lord Novell Extend Its Territory? | author-last=Atchison | author-first=Sandra D. | magazine=
<ref name="BW_Knell_1996">{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/1996-03-24/microsoft-may-sound-the-death-knell-for-novell | title=Microsoft May Sound 'The Death Knell For Novell' | author-last=Cortese | author-first=Amy | magazine=
<ref name="BW_Schmidt_1997">{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/1997-08-31/theres-no-looking-back-for-eric-schmidt | title=There's No Looking Back For Eric Schmidt | author-first= Andy | author-last=Reinhardt | magazine=
<ref name="Wired_network_1997">{{cite news | url=https://www.wired.com/1997/08/schmidt/ | title=The Network Is the Network | author-last=Reiss | author-first=Spencer | magazine=Wired | date=August 1997}}</ref>
<ref name="CNET_Schmidt_2001">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/novells-schmidt-joins-google-at-critical-time/|title=Novell's Schmidt Joins Google at Critical Time|date= 2001-03-26 |publisher=CNET|access-date=2016-04-03|author-first=Stephanie|author-last=Olsen|work=News.com}} The 2002 date of this as posted on web is clearly incorrect; see for example [https://www.computerworld.com/article/2591230/novell-s-schmidt-joins-google-as-board-chairman.html this ''Computerworld'' article] from the same news.</ref>
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