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In 1934, [[Marie Curie]]'s daughter ([[Irène Joliot-Curie]]) and son-in-law ([[Frédéric Joliot-Curie]]) were the first to create [[artificial radioactivity]]: they bombarded [[boron]] with alpha particles to make the neutron-poor isotope [[nitrogen-13]]; this isotope emitted [[positron]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1935/joliot-fred-bio.html|title=Frédéric Joliot - Biographical|website=nobelprize.org|access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref> In addition, they bombarded [[aluminium]] and [[magnesium]] with [[neutrons]] to make new radioisotopes.
In the early 1920s [[Otto Hahn]] created a new line of research. Using the "emanation method", which he had recently developed, and the "emanation ability", he founded what became known as "applied radiochemistry" for the researching of general chemical and physical-chemical questions. In 1936 Cornell University Press published a book in English (and later in Russian) titled ''[[Applied Radiochemistry]]'', which contained the lectures given by Hahn when he was a visiting professor at [[Cornell University]] in [[Ithaca, New York]], in 1933. This important publication had a major influence on almost all nuclear chemists and physicists in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and the Soviet Union during the 1930s and 1940s, laying the foundation for modern
Hahn and [[Lise Meitner]] discovered radioactive [[isotopes of radium]], [[isotopes of thorium|thorium]], [[isotopes of protactinium|protactinium]] and [[isotopes of uranium|uranium]]. He also discovered the phenomena of radioactive recoil and [[nuclear isomerism]], and pioneered [[rubidium–strontium dating]]. In 1938, Hahn, Lise Meitner and [[Fritz Strassmann]] [[discovery of nuclear fission|discovered nuclear fission]], for which Hahn received the 1944 [[Nobel Prize for Chemistry]]. [[Nuclear fission]] was the basis for [[nuclear reactor]]s and [[nuclear weapon]]s. Hahn is referred to as the father of nuclear chemistry<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietz |first1=Tabea |title=Otto Hahn – the Father of Nuclear Chemistry |url=http://scihi.org/otto-hahn-nuclear-chemistry/ |website=SciHi Blog |date=8 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Otto Hahn |url=https://www.atomicheritage.org/profile/otto-hahn |website=Atomic Heritage Foundation |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Father of Nuclear Chemistry – Otto Emil Hahn |url=https://kemicalinfo.com/articles/father-of-nuclear-chemistry-otto-emil-hahn/ |website=Kemicalinfo|date=20 May 2020 }}</ref> and godfather of [[nuclear fission]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A Lifetime of Fission: The Discovery of Nuclear Energy |url=https://www.lindau-nobel.org/blog-lifetime-of-fission/ |website=Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings |date=11 February 2019}}</ref>
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