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Beginning in 1986, the foundation focused on funding programs for the treatment [[HIV/AIDS]], despite the stigma surrounding the disease.<ref name="MiamiHerald 7May1989"/> It launched the AIDS Health Services Program in 11 communities around the U.S., which aimed to integrate a network of human services agencies for case management and favored community-care models for patients.<ref name="Mor et al 1997">{{cite journal |last1=Mor |first1=Vincent |last2=Stein |first2=Michael |last3=Carpenter |first3=Charles |last4=Mayer |first4=Kenneth |date= |title=A Tale of Two Health Care Delivery Systems |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25780872?read-now=1&seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=Journal of Health and Human Services Administration |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=240-256 |doi= |access-date=November 1, 2021}}</ref> By May 1989, the foundation had given $50 million to care services and [[Prevention_of_HIV/AIDS|prevention]] campaigns.<ref name="MiamiHerald 7May1989"/> The [[Ryan White CARE Act]] was partially modeled on RWJF's program.<ref name="HRSA1">{{cite web |title=Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program |last1= |first1= |url=https://hab.hrsa.gov/livinghistory/legislation |work=Human Resources & Services Administration |date= |access-date=November 1, 2021}}</ref>
After [[Steven A. Schroeder|Dr. Steven A. Schroeder]] became the foundation's president in 1990, he made substance abuse a major focus of the foundation’s work.<ref name="Case76"/> Between 1991 and 2003, the foundation spent approximately $408 million on a variety of tobacco-related programs, including awareness campaigns on [[smoking cessation]] and the [[Health effects of tobacco|negative effects of tobacco use]]
Apart from substance abuse, the foundation also funded studies on [[End-of-life care|palliative]] and [[chronic care]]. In 1989, the organization funded a five-year, $28 million study on [[end-of-life care]], publishing the results in 1995. The Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment found that most Americans die alone in hospitals while receiving high-cost care and treatment, often against the patient's desires. The study led to the formation of several groups by the foundation, including Last Acts, 900 entities that have drafted best practices for [[palliative care]]. Between 1989 and 2007, the foundation gave more than $148 million for research related to palliative care. By 2007, more than 500 hospitals throughout the U.S. had palliative care programs, most of which were created after the foundation and [[George Soros|George Soros's]] [[Open Society Institute]] began research and advocacy efforts.<ref name="Case68">{{cite web |last1=Kohler |first1=Scott |title=Care at the End of Life |url=https://cspcs.sanford.duke.edu/sites/default/files/descriptive/care_at_the_end_of_life.pdf |website=Center for Strategic Philanthropy and Civil Society |publisher=[[Duke University]] |access-date=September 30, 2021 |format=pdf |date=January 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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