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Adding local short description: "Chinese revolutionary (1873–1962)", overriding Wikidata description "Chinese revolutionary" |
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{{Short description|Chinese revolutionary (1873–1962)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name =
'''Chen Cuifen''' ({{zh|t=陳粹芬}}; 1873–1960)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://book.qq.com/a/20100914/000027.htm |title=孙中山红颜知己陈粹芬：颇有女中豪杰气概(图)_读书_腾讯网 |publisher=Book.qq.com |date=17 January 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425062823/http://book.qq.com/a/20100914/000027.htm |archive-date=25 April 2012 }}</ref> was a longtime romantic partner of [[Sun Yat-sen]], the founder and first president of the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]]. She was regarded as the "forgotten revolutionary female" and "the first revolution partner" of Sun Yat-sen. Before marrying [[Soong Ching-ling]], Sun Yat-sen had a 20 year-relationship with Chen Cuifen. In the "Sun Genealogy", she was called "Sun Yat-sen's [[concubine]]".▼
| image = Chen Cuifen.png
| caption =
| native_name = 陳粹芬
| other_names = 香菱, 瑞芬
| birth_date = 1873
| birth_place = [[Tuen Mun]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Qing Dynasty]]
| death_date = 1962
| death_place = [[Hong Kong]]
| party =
| partner = [[Sun Yat-sen]] ([[concubine]], 1892–1925)
| children =
| module = {{Infobox Chinese
|child=yes
|s=陈粹芬
|t=陳粹芬
|p=Chén Cuìfēn
|w=
}}
}}
▲'''Chen Cuifen''' ({{zh|t=陳粹芬}};
== Biography ==
Chen was born in [[Tuen Mun]], [[Hong Kong]] in 1873, the fourth child of
Chen and Sun Yat-Sen met in 1891 in Hong Kong while Sun was studying medicine at the [[Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine|Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Müller-Saini |first=Gotelind |title=Tombs and transnational history in greater China: a collection of case studies |date=2022 |publisher=LIT |isbn=978-3-643-91422-4 |series=Asien |location=Münster}}</ref> Sun told Chen that he would become the next [[Hong Xiuquan]] and overthrow the [[Qing dynasty|Qing Dynasty]], which deeply impressed her. Chen and Sun became romantic partners, and Chen became involved in Sun's revolutionary work.<ref name=":1" />
Chen moved with Sun first to [[Macau]], then to [[Guangzhou|Canton]]. After the failure of the [[First Guangzhou Uprising]], Chen followed Sun to Japan. In Japan, Chen was involved in arranging arms for the 1900 uprising in Huizhou. During this period, she also became well known to many Chinese revolutionaries, including [[Chiang Kai-shek|Chiang Kai-Shek]] for her dedication to the revolution and her domestic care for Sun and others amid a tough period for the revolutionaries. She lived in [[Penang]] from 1910 until 1912.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sun Yat Sen in Penang|last=Khoo|first=Salma Nasution|publisher=Areca Books|year=2008|isbn=9789834283483|location=Penang|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sunyatseninpenan0000khoo/page/82 82, 84, 86]|url=https://archive.org/details/sunyatseninpenan0000khoo/page/82}}</ref> In Southeast Asia, Chen was known as Sun's wife, despite Sun still being married to [[Lu Muzhen]].<ref name=":0" /> After the success of the [[1911 Revolution|Xinhai Revolution]], Chen moved back to China, but found that Sun Yat-sen no longer had affection for her. For a time Chen lived with the family of [[Sun Mei]], Sun Yat-sen's older brother, in Macau.
After the establishment of the [[Republic of China|Republic]], she settled in [[British Malaya|Malaya]] alone where she adopted a daughter, Sun Rong, and engaged in business ventures, including establishing a rubber plantation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gb.cri.cn/27824/2011/09/01/5551s3357418.htm |title=一位不该被历史遗忘的"红颜"——陈粹芬 |editor=金雨 |website=[[China Radio International]] |publisher=[[People's Republic of China]] |date=1 September 2011 |access-date=5 July 2012 |language=zh |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110252/http://gb.cri.cn/27824/2011/09/01/5551s3357418.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Sun Rong would later marry into the Sun family, marrying one of the descendants of [[Sun Mei]]. This marriage was strongly opposed by Sun family elders, such as [[Lu Muzhen]], as Chen had given her daughter the surname Sun, which would mean marrying another member of the Sun clan would be akin to incest. However, since the couple was not biologically related, Sun Rong was allowed to renounce the name Sun and then marry into the Sun family.<ref name=":1" /> Chen Cuifen spent her final years in Hong Kong, passing away in 1962. Chen Cuifen was ultimately interred in the Sun family tomb in [[Cuiheng]].<ref name=":0" />
== Film portrayals ==
In the film ''[[Road to Dawn|Road To Dawn]]'' (2007), which features the story of [[Sun Yat-sen]] in Penang, the character of Chen Cuifen is played by Chinese actress [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2336722/?ref_=tt_cl_t3 Wu Yue].
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[[Category:1873 births]]
[[Category:1960 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Hong Kong
[[Category:Chinese revolutionaries]]
[[Category:20th-century Chinese
[[Category:20th-century Chinese
[[Category:Family of Sun Yat-sen]]
[[Category:20th-century Hong Kong businesspeople]]
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